Autoantibodies andprognosis Jiří Vencovský Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic
HeterogeneityofIIMs Diagnosis Polymyositis Dermatomyositis IBM Necrotising myopathy Paraneoplastic Amyopathic DM Myositis in overlap Autoantibody Negative Jo-1 Other ARS SRP Mi-2 PM-Scl U1-RNP p155/140 CADM-140 Organ involvement Lung Heart Oesophagus Calcinosis Joints Other
Autoantibodies in myositis Variable frequencies 30-90%
Autoantibodies in myositis Diagnostic tool Define clinically similar situations Correlation with disease activity Mediate disease pathogenesis?
Case 1 Diagnosis: Immune mediated necrotizing myopathy with anti-srp positivity. Treated with Rituximab 11/2009 muscle strength markedly improved walkswitha cane normal muscle enzymes
Case2 Diagnosis: Cancer associated dermatomyositis with p155/140 positivity.
Conclusions In daily clinical practice, myositis specific autoantibodies may help to: Establish diagnosis and estimate prognosis Justification for aggressive therapy in Case 1 Early cancer detection in Case 2
Autoantibodies in IIMs Myositis specific autoantibodies (MSA) Myositis associated autoantibodies (MAA) New autoantibodies
Myositis specific antibodies (MSA) Anti-ARS Anti-Jo-1 Histidyl-tRNA synthetase 15-30% Anti-PL-7 Threonyl-tRNA synthetase < 5% Anti-PL-12 Alanyl-tRNA synthetase < 5% Anti-EJ Glycyl-tRNA synthetase < 5% Anti-OJ Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase < 5% Anti-KS(AsnRS) Asparaginyl-tRNA synthetase Rare Anti-Zo Phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase Rare Anti-YRS(Ha) Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase Rare
Antisynthetase syndrome Myositis Interstitial lung disease (89%) Arthritis (94%) Raynaud s phenomenon (67%) Fevers (87%) Mechanic s hands (71%) Anti-Jo-1 similar pathology Perimysial fragmentation Macrophage predominance Perifascicular changes (atrophy, regeneration, some necrosis) Normal capillary density Marguerie, etal. Q J Med 1990, Love LA et al. Medicine 1991;70:360-74, Mozaffar T, Pestronk A. J Neurol Psychiatry 2000;68:472-8.
Antisynthetase syndrome and ARS antibodies Myositis Interstitial lung disease Jo-1 YRS Zo EJ PL-7 KS OJ PL-12
Myositis specific antibodies (MSA) Anti-SRP Signal recognition particle 4-6% Anti-Mi-2 Nuclear helicase 4-18% Anti-CADM-140 MDA5 19% of DM Anti-p155/140 TIF-1 13-30% Anti-NXP-2 (p140) Nuclear matrix protein <5% Anti-SAE SUMO-1 act. enz. 4% (8% DM) Anti-200/100 HMGCR 6% Anti-Mup44 (43kDa) cn-ia 52-63% IBM
Immunoprecipitation in 308 patients with IIMs from a single centre Unknown Ab Lenka Pleštilová, in collaboration with Zoe Betteridge and Neil Mc Hugh, Bath, UK
Anti-SRP antibodies Older studies severe disease onsetin thefall(anti-7sl RNA) myalgia bad response to treatment short survival
23 European anti-srp patients disease onset in the fall and winter, 3 DM severe weakness, marked disability, dysphagia highly elevated CK ILDin 21% no association with cardiac involvement necrotizing myopathy with capillary abnormalities reasonably favorable prognosis (response to rituximab?) Josef Zámečník, 2nd Medical Faculty, Prague
Anti-Mi-2 antibodies Skin manifestations relatively mild disease treatment response -fair latitudinal gradient (UV intensity) tendency for antibodies to NTfragment of the Mi-2βantigen to have a higher risk for malignancy HengstmanGJD etal. AnnRheumDis 2006;65:242-5. Love LA etal. Arthritis Rheum2009;60:2499-504.
Anti-p155/140 antibody 155 kd, 140 kd (K562). Nuclear speckled. 13, 21, 30% of myositis patients Heliotrope rash, Gottron s papules, ulceration (in JDM), flagellate erythema In 23, 29% JDM In 75%, (71% vs. 11%), (50%vs. 4%) of cancer associated DM No ILD DQA1*0301 association Transcriptional intermediary factor 1γ TargoffIN etal. Arthritis Rheum2006;54:3682-9. Kaji K etal. Rheumatology2007;46:25-8. GunawardenaH etal. Rheumatology(Oxford). 2008 ;47:324-8. ChinoyH etal. AnnRheumDis 2007;66:1345-9.
Anti-p155/140 antibodiesin IIM patients Author All IIM JDM DM PM CAM Anti-p155/140+ no CAM Targoff 21% 29% 21% 0 75% n=2 Kaji 13% 71% Gunawardena 23% 30% 0 100% Chinoy 18.4% 50% n=11 Trallero-Araguás 19% 23% 5% 62.5% n=6 Vencovský (152 pts) 10.5% 19% 1.6% 41% n=9 (6.6%) TargoffIN etal. Arthritis Rheum2006;54:3682-9. Kaji K etal. Rheumatology2007;46:25-8. GunawardenaH etal. Rheumatology(Oxford). 2008 ;47:324-8. ChinoyH etal. AnnRheumDis 2007;66:1345-9. Trallero-AraguásE. etal. Medicine(Baltimore). 2010 ;89(1):47-52. VencovskyJ. etal. ACR Meeting 2009.
Presence of anti-p155/140 in patients with disseminated and/or relapsed tumor (DR) or single episode and nondisseminated (NDNR) malignancy 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Anti-p155/140+ Anti-p155/140-63% 37% Disseminated or relapsed (n=8) OR = 10 P=0.057 14% 86% Non disseminated or relapsed (n=7) VencovskyJ etal. ACR 2010.
Anti-TIF-1γin EuropeanpatientswithIIMs. Mann H etal. ACR 2011.
Anti-SAE autoantibody 4% myositis (8% of DM) Severe classical skin Mild myositis Dermatomyositis Periunugual changes HLA-DRB1*04-DQA1*03-DQB1*03 Systemic features dysphagia No or mild ILD Rare cancer BetteridgeZE et al. Arthritis Rheum 2007, BetteridgeZE et al. Ann Rheum Dis2009
Anti-CADM-140 (MDA5) autoantibody First described in Japan (19-35% DM and 53-73% CADM), recently US 10 patients with DM (13%) Strongly associated with CADM and interstitial lung disease Poor prognosis (46% died within 6 months) Ulcerations, palmar papules, vasculopathy Drop in anti-mda5 antibody <500U/ml after treatment -improvement, whereas anti-mda5 antibody >500U/ml are resistant to treatment and die of respiratory failure in a short period. Satoh S. et al. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52: 1571 1576
Anti-p140 (anti-mj), anti-nxp-2 140 kdaprotein (nuclear matrix protein NXP-2) Weak or no immunofluorescence, sometimes dots in ANA test 23% JDM Association with calcinosisin JDM HLA DRB1*08 Recently - most frequent antibody in Italian cohort (17%) Younger age at onset, no ILD, no malignancy, good response GunawardenaH. et al. Arthritis Rheum 2009; 60:1807-14.CeribelliA. etal. Arthritis ResTher2012+14:R97.
Anti-200/100 kda Patients whotakestatinscan develop immunemediated necrotising myopathy, which persists after statins discontinuation (some PM or DM) These patients only improve with immunosuppressive treatment 16 of 26 patients (62%) with necrotising myopathy had anti-200/100 kdaantibodies (63% exposed to statins) Worsened upon discontinuation of immunosuppression MAC deposition, capillary abnormalities, MHC-I expression (50-75%) Josef Zámečník, 2nd Medical Faculty, Prague Christopher-StineL, etal. Arthritis Rheum2010;62(9):2757-66.
Anti-200/100(anti-HMGCR) Autoantigen for anti-200/100 is 3-hydroxy -3- methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase(hmgcr) HMGCR is a target of statins StatinsupregulateHMGCR protein levels Regenerating muscle fibres express high levels HMGCR MammenAL, etal. Arthritis Rheum2011;63(3):713-21.
Dermatomyositis Polymyositis Antisynthetase syndrome Anti- TIF1-β Anti- MDA5 Anti-PL-12 Anti-KS Anti- SAE Anti- Mi-2 Anti- NXP2 Anti- TIF1-α Anti- TIF1-γ Anti-OJ Anti-PL-7 Anti-EJ Anti-Zo Anti-YRS Anti-Jo-1 Anti-EIF3 Anti- Mup44 Anti-43 kda Anti- HMGCR Anti- SRP Juvenile DM Inclusion body myositis
Acknowledgement Institute of Rheumatology, Praha Lenka Pleštilová Heřman Mann Josef Zámečník - pathology Rheumatology Dept, Bath Zoe Betteridge Neil McHugh Harsha Gunawardena Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, London Peter Charles KarolinskaInstitut, Stockholm Ingrid Lundberg Manchester, UK Hector Chinoy Bob Cooper