HOMICIDE VICTIMS IN CROATIA - Who are the survivors?

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HOMICIDE VICTIMS IN CROATIA - Who are the survivors? Petra Šprem & Mia Krpan 4 th Annual Conference of the Max Planck Partner Group for Balkan Criminology Budapest 2017

Name of the Project: Homicide study in the Balkans Leading country: Croatia Partners: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Macedonia, Romania, Albania, Turkey Main goal- insight into phenomenology of homicide in Balkan Beginning of project: 1.6.2016 Initial meeting (Croatia): 22.07.2016.

Homicide study questionnaire prepared: BIH, Serbia, Macedonia, Albania, Turkey, Germany Three sections of questionnaire Field work ended: June 1 2017 Entry data ended: September 1 2017 Expected findings: End of 2017 Number of cases: 686 final judgements from 2010-2014 some are rejections

Juvenile and adult offenders 5 types of homicide: murder, aggravated murder, negligent homicide, manslaughter and infanticide. Approval of State Attorney s office and Supreme court Collection of data- students from University of Zagreb

Fieldwork 1. Croatian Bureau of Statistics 2. National courts 3. State Attorney s Department

Cooperation? Three Criminal Codes (1993, 1997 and 2011) Victim data?

Entry of data: Access file Questionaire, section 3- about Victim: sex, date of birth, age, nationality, ethnicity, marital status, children, education, profession, employment, income; injury, time of death (survived, immediate death, later death), public official and/or relation to duty; intoxicated alcohol, influence of drugs, any addiction, RVO (relationship between offender and victim), RVV (relationship between victims). Total of 760 victims 63,2 % survived

Results N cases = 686 N offenders = 743 N victims = 760 Number of victims 90,0% 80,0% 70,0% 60,0% 50,0% 89,9% 40,0% 30,0% 20,0% 7,8% 10,0% 1,6% 0,5% 0,3% 0,0% 1 2 3 4 5

Sex of the victims Male = 579 Female = 168 80 70 77,5% 60 50 40 22,5% 30 20 10 0 male female

Time of death survived = 461 immediate death = 204 later death = 65 63,2% 70,0% 60,0% 50,0% 40,0% 27,9% 30,0% 20,0% 8,9% 10,0% 0,0% survived immediate death later death

SURVIVED VICTIMS N = 461 Sex: Male = 387 (85,1%) Female = 68 (14.9%) Age: Mean = 39.29 years Residence of 72.5% survived victims is the same as where offence was committed (N = 334)

Nationality Macedonian 0,2% Albanian 0,4% Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,1% Serbian 1,5% Croatian 67,7% 0,0% 10,0% 20,0% 30,0% 40,0% 50,0% 60,0% 70,0% missing data = 27%

Marital status widowed 1,7% divorced 4,3% extra-marital relationship 6,9% single 19,5% married 23,2% 0,0% 5,0% 10,0% 15,0% 20,0% 25,0% missing data = 44%

Number of children 25,0% 23,9% 20,0% 15,0% 11,1% 10,0% 8,7% 5,0% 0,0% 2,2% 1,3% 0,2% 0,4% no children one two three four five six missing data =52%

Level of education 45,0% 40,0% 41,0% 35,0% 30,0% 25,0% 20,0% 15,0% 10,0% 5,0% 0,9% 8,0% 1,5% 3,5% 0,0% none elementary school secondary school higher school faculty missing data = 45%

Employment: Yes = 32.5% No = 17.8% Retired = 12.8% Income: None = 9,5% Below average = 17.6% Average = 26,5% Above average = 0,4%

Injury 18,8% 50,8% no injuries light bodily injuries heavily bodily injuries 30,4%

Alcohol use Survived victims (N=461) Alcohol use frequency percent no 219 47,5% beer 73 15,8% wine 19 4,1% strong spirits (rakija, pelinkovac, vodka) 20 4,3% Victims who did not survive (N=269) Alcohol use frequency percent no 132 49,10% beer 40 14,90% wine 10 3,70% strong spirits (rakija, pelinkovac, vodka) 14 5,20%

Drug use Survived victims (N=461) Drug use frequency percent no 292 63,3% cannabis, marijuana, hash 4 0,9% XTC, LSD, speed, amphetamines or similar drugs 2 0,4% heroin, cocaine or crack 4 0,9% Victims who did not survive (N=269) Drug use frequency percent no 177 65,8% cannabis, marijuana, hash 4 1,5% XTC, LSD, speed, amphetamines or similar drugs 1 0,4% heroine, cocaine or crack 4 1,5%

Addiction of victims Survived victims (N=461) Addiction of the victim frequency percent alcohol 22 4,8% opiate 0 0% crack/cocaine 1 0,2% alcohol and illegal drugs 1 0,2% no addiction 217 47,1% Victims who did not survive (N=269) Addiction of the victim frequency percent alcohol 16 5,9% opiate 0 0% crack/cocaine 0 0% alcohol and illegal drugs 3 1,1% no addiction 141 52,4% other 2 0,7%

Conclusion Higher percent of missing data in certain questions some data about victims do not exist (number of children, marital status, education level...) A lot more possibilities for future analysis Rest of the data analysis will be done by the end of year 2017

Thank you for your attention! www.balkan-criminology.eu

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