Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 Alexey Shipunov Minot State University May 1, 2015 Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 1 / 60
Outline Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 2 / 60
Plants for musculosceletal system and skin Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 3 / 60
Arthritis, rheumatism and muscle pain Numerous unrelated diseases, from infections to psychological As a result, no general treatment available Main synthetic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs: aspirin, ibuprofen) are cyclo-oxygenases which inhibit prostaglandin synthase enzymes Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 4 / 60
Willows, Salix spp., Salicaceae, Northern Hemisphere Salicis cortex Contains salicylic acid Work much better with stomach than pure salicylis or acetylsalicylis acids (aspirin) Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 5 / 60
Willow Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 6 / 60
Salicylates Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 7 / 60
Meadowsweet, Filipendula ulmaria, Rosaceae, Eurasia Perennial herb growing in wet places; leaves and flowers are used Contain high amounts of salicylic acid, aspirin is a derivative from old name of plant, spiraea Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 8 / 60
Meadowsweet Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 9 / 60
Devil s claw, Harpagophytum procumbens, Pedaliaceae, South Africa Harpagophyti radix Plant with extremely spiny fruits; roots are collected Contains bitter iridoids harpagide and harpagoside working well in arthritis Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 10 / 60
Devil s claw Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 11 / 60
Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 12 / 60
Turmeric, Curcuma domestica, Zingiberaceae, South Asia Curcumae domestuicae rhizoma Herbaceous plant similar to ginger, rhizomes are used Plant came from Ayurveda and TCM Curcuminoid phenolic compounds are active, antagonist of some inflammatory factors Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 13 / 60
Turmeric Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 14 / 60
Cucrumin Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 15 / 60
Autumn crocus, Colchicum autumnale, Colchicaceae, Eurasia Used against gout: severe inflammation of foot joints caused by formation of uric crystals Colchicine is an active compound; extremely toxic! Also, used as anti-cancer Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 16 / 60
Autumn crocus Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 17 / 60
Colchicine Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 18 / 60
Cold and influenza Mixture of diseases, anti-inflammatory, antiviral drugs and immunostimulants are used Demulcents and emollients used for symptomatic treatment Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 19 / 60
Linden, Tilia spp., Malvaceae, North Hemisphere Tiliae flos Deciduous trees with insect-pollinated, fragrant flowers Active components are different essential oils, polysaccharides; some are capable to bind with inhibitory GABA receptors Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 20 / 60
Linden Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 21 / 60
Coltsfoot, Tussilago farfara, Compositae, Eurasia Herb with dimorphic leaves and early flowering (both flowers and leaves are used) Main active components are acidic polysaccharides Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 22 / 60
Coltsfoot Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 23 / 60
Common marshmallow, Althaea officinalis, Malvaceae, Eurasia Althaeae radix High herbaceous perennial plant Tissues are rich of mucilage polysaccharides and flavonoids Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 24 / 60
Marshmallow Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 25 / 60
Echinacea, Echinacea purpurea and other species, Compositae, North America Perennial herb, widely used by native tribes Contain numerous glycosides and other compounds, e.g., echinacoside Immunostimulant and anti-allergic plant, often combined with garlic Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 26 / 60
Echinacea Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 27 / 60
Echinacoside Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 28 / 60
Wintergreen, Gaultheria procumbens, Ericaceae, North America Leaves and stems contain oils rich of methyl salicylates Often used topically, e.g., for many kinds of muscular pains Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 29 / 60
Wintergreen Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 30 / 60
Red pepper, Capsicum spp., Solanaceae, Central America (Already covered) Provides the revulsive effect Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 31 / 60
Skin diseases Eczema, dry skin, infectious diseases, local inflammation etc. Anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and some specific drugs are used Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 32 / 60
Yarrow, Achillea millefolium, Compositae, Eurasia Perennial plant with dissected leaves, all parts are used Essential oils and tannins are responsible for anti-inflammatory and astringent effects Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 33 / 60
Yarrow Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 34 / 60
Arnica, Arnica montana, Compositae, Eurasia Perennial mountainous plant from Alps Contain a rich combination of active compounds: proteins, essential oils, sesquiterpene lactones (e.g., helenalin) Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 35 / 60
Arnica Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 36 / 60
Helenalin Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 37 / 60
Aloë vera, Asparagaceae, Africa African tree with succulent leaves Mixture of different components with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and other effects Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 38 / 60
Aloë vera Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 39 / 60
Calendula, Calendula officinalis, Asteraceae, Eurasia Herbaceous plant with bright yellow or orange inflorescences Oils, polysaccharides, saponins (like calenduladiol), carotenes with anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effects Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 40 / 60
Calendula Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 41 / 60
Evening primrose, Oenothera spp., Onagraceae, North America Used by local tribes Active is γ-linolenic acid which has topical anti-inflammatory and anti-eczematic effects Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 42 / 60
Evening primrose Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 43 / 60
γ-linolenic acid Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 44 / 60
Witch hazel, Hamamelis virginiana, Hamamelidaceae, North America Shrub with hazel-like leaves and extremely early (or late) flowering Leaves and bark contain tannins with positive astringent effects to skin Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 45 / 60
Witch hazel Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 46 / 60
Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 47 / 60
Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Eyebright, Euphrasia spp., Orobanchaceae, Eurasia Traditional European plant remedy Active components are iridoid glycosides: aucubin, euphroside etc., lignans and tannins Helps in conjunctivitis Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 48 / 60
Eyebright Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 49 / 60
Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Jaborandi leaf, Pilocarpus spp., Rutaceae, South America Contains alkaloid pilocarpine Stimulating eye muscles, contracting pupils after atropine; used against glaucoma Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 50 / 60
Jaborandi leaf Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 51 / 60
Pilocarpine Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 52 / 60
Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Deadly nightshade, Atropa belladonna, Solanaceae, Mediterranean Contains alkaloid atropine Used for medical examination to open iris Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 53 / 60
Deadly nightshade Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 54 / 60
Atropine Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 55 / 60
Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Essential oil plants for nose and orthopharynx Essential oils are using as antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agents Sage (Salvia officinalis), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) and peppermint (Mentha piperita) are most frequently used Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 56 / 60
Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Clove, Syzygium aromaticum, Myrtaceae, Southwest Asia Caryophylli flos Flower buds extremely rich of eugenol Used also as a culinary spice Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 57 / 60
Clove Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 58 / 60
Summary Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx Anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and astringent compounds are most important for treating cold and skin diseases Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 59 / 60
For Further Reading Plants for eye, ear, nose and pharynx A. Shipunov. Ethnobotany [Electronic resource]. 2011 onwards. Mode of access: http://ashipunov.info/shipunov/school/biol_310 Heinrich et al. 2012. Fundamentals of and Phytotherapy. Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh. Shipunov (MSU) Ethnobotany. Lecture 36 May 1, 2015 60 / 60