IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Expert system diagnose disease dermatitis using web based certainty factor To cite this article: Y Findawati and A I Afrina 2018 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 403 012068 View the article online for updates and enhancements. This content was downloaded from IP address 148.251.232.83 on 02/01/2019 at 15:19
Expert system diagnose disease dermatitis using web based certainty factor Y Findawati 1, A I Afrina 2 1,2 Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo Jl. Raya Gelam 250 Candi Sidoarjo +62-031-8945444 1 yulianfindawati@umsida.ac.id Abstract. Dermatitis is one of the skin disorders characterized by itching and clinically appearing a rash on the skin. Generally can occur repeatedly to a person in the form of skin inflammation (epidermis and dermis) in response to the influence of exogenous factors or endogenous factors.dermatitis disease diagnostic expert system is a web application that allows users to diagnose the type of dermatitis disease they are experiencing. The purpose of making this application is to facilitate the user in diagnosing the type of dermatitis disease based on the symptoms that are being felt. In the use of expert system application of dermatitis diagnosis of this disease the user must register first to get a username and password that will be used to log on expert system and do diagnosis dermatitis disease. After diagnosis the user can know the type of dermatitis disease they are experiencing along with the description of the disease type and the solution. Based on testing, the accuracy of this application is 90%. With trial data that is 10 patients. Keywords: Expert System, Dermatitis, Certainty Factor, Web Application 1. Introduction Expert System (Expert System) is designed to solve quite complex problems that can only be solved by experts. The making of an expert system is not to replace the expert himself but can be used as a highly experienced assistant (Kusumadewi, 2003). One of the methods available in the expert system is the Certainty Factor method. Certainty Factor expressed confidence in an incident (or facts or hypotheses) based on evidence or expert judgment (Turban, 2005).One of the disease are still many people are infected in dermatitis, and many people who do not know and understand about Dermatitis disease. So they do not know the right solutions to deal with skin diseases they suffer. Dermatitis is an inflammation of the epidermis and the dermis which is characterized by symptoms such as lesions that are objective and subjective symptoms itching polymorphs, can they are due to endogenous or exogenous factors (Maryunani, 2010). There are still many people who do not know if they have dermatitis. To be sure they should consult a dermatologist first. It is encouraging in the development of an expert system that can diagnose dermatitis disease to be realized. So in this final project, the author raised the title "Expert System Diagnosis Dermatitis Disease Using Web Based Certainty Factor Method". With this expert system the layman or user can perform diagnosis of dermatitis itself through perceived symptoms. Based on the background that has been mentioned above it can be concluded into the formulation of the problem How to design and build an expert system to diagnose dermatitis by using web based certainty factor method Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
2. Methodology 2.1. Certainty Factor The general equation used to calculate the value of Certainty Factors is defined as follow [J.Martin, and S. Oxman,1988]: CF(H,E) = MB(H,E) MD(H,E) (1) Description: CF(H,E) : Hypothesis H of the Certainty Factor for the emergence of symptoms E, MB(H,E) : The measure of increased belief towards hypothesis H that is influenced by symptoms E, MD(H,E) : The measure of increased disbelief towards hypothesis H that is influenced by symptoms E. Equation (2) is the basic form of the Certainty Factor formula in a rule in form of IF E THEN H [8] CF(H,e) = CF(E,e) * CF(H,E). (2) Description: CF(H,e) : The measure of increased disbelief towards hypothesis H that is influenced by symptoms e, CF(E,e) : CF of symptoms E that is influenced by symptoms e, CF(H,E) : CF of the hypothesis, with the assumption that the symptoms are known for sure when CF(E,e) = 1. 3. Research Method 3.1. Inference Machines Inference engine is a function of system reasoning pattern used by expert system. In the dermatitis diagnosis system, there are three types of dermatitis disease that will be diagnosed, namely AD (Atopic Dermatitis), ACD (), and ICD (Irritant Contact Dermatitis). The following are the rules used to diagnose dermatitis: Rule 1: The rules of IF Itching when sweating AND Dry skin, scaly / flaking AND Occurs Eczema (spots / reddish spots) AND Have a history of asthma & Allergy to food AND Allergy to drugs AND Feeling anxious, selfish, frustrated, aggressive or feeling depressed AND Sensitive to wool AND Sensitif Against AND ANDITIFICAL fur on dust AND Skin pale face / dim THEN Atopic Dermatitis Rule 2: The rule of IF Skin feels dry, scaly / flaking AND Occurs eczema (spots / reddish spots) AND Itching and redness occur after 24-48 hours after exposure to a substance AND There is a reaction to the skin after exposure to latex / rubber AND There is a reaction to the skin after using jewelry, watches, and metal zippers AND There is a reaction to the skin after exposure to dye AND There is a reaction to the skin after using certain cosmetics, perfumes, nail polishers, or hair dye AND There is a reaction to the skin after using Topical medications THEN Contact Allergic Dermatitis Rule 3: Irritant Contact Dermatitis (ICD) IF Skin feels dry, scaly / flaking AND Occurs Eczema (spots / rashes) AND Increases pain, heat and burns AND There is a reaction to the skin after exposure to detergent / soap AND A reaction to the skin after exposure to engine lubricating oil AND A reaction to the skin after exposure to acid and alkali AND There is a reaction On the skin after exposure to the soil AND There is a reaction to the skin after exposure to the wood powder AND There is a reaction to the skin after exposure to antiseptic or antibacterial agent AND There is a reaction to the skin when exposed to water containing chlorine or lime THEN Contact Dermatitis Irritant Certainty Factor or certainty factor is the value of clinical parameters that will be given to indicate the magnitude of confidence and the level of confidence in a diagnosis of some of the symptoms given. In the dermatitis disease 2
consultation session, patients or expert system users will be given several answer choices that each have the following weights (Very Sure = 1; Sure = 0.8; Slightly Sure = 0.5; Not Sure = 0.2; No = 0) Then it will be determined the weight value of the patient's confidence in each of the symptoms, by way of expert system gives some questions about the symptoms of dermatitis disease. There are about 25 questions to be answered by the patient or expert system user, including: 1. Expert: Does your skin feel itchy when sweating? Slightly Confident (CFuser = 0.5) 2. Expert: Does your skin feel dry, scaly / flaking? Slightly Confident (CFuser = 0.5) 3. Expert: Does eczema (reddish spots) occur? Sure (CFuser = 0.8) 4. Expert: Do you have a history of asthma? Patients: No (CFuser = 0) 5. Expert: Are you allergic to food?slightly Confident (CFuser = 0.5) 6. Expert: Are you allergic to drugs?no (CFuser = 0) 7. Experts: Do you feel anxious, selfish, frustrated, aggressive or depressed? Not Sure (CFuser = 0.2) 8. Expert: Are you sensitive to wool?no (CFuser = 0) 9. Expert: Are you sensitive to animal fur?no (CFuser = 0) 10. Experts: Are you sensitive to dust?sure (CFuser = 0.8) 11. Expert: Is your facial skin pale / dim?slightly Confident (CFuser = 0.5) 12. Expert: Does itchy and redness occur after 24-48 hours after exposure to a substance? Unsure (CFuser = 0.2) 13. Expert: Is there a reaction to the skin after being exposed to latex / rubber? No (CFuser = 0) 14. Experts: Is there a reaction to the skin after using jewelry, watches, and metal zippers? No (CFuser = 0) 15. Experts: Is there a skin reaction after exposure to a dye? No (CFuser = 0) 16. Expert: There is a reaction to the skin after using certain cosmetics, perfumes, nail polish, or hair dye? Slightly Confident (CFuser = 0.5) 17. Expert: Any reaction to the skin after using certain topical medications? No (CFuser = 0) 18. Expert: Is it painful, hot and burning?slightly Confident (CFuser = 0.5) 19. Expert: Is there a skin reaction after exposure to detergent / soap? No (CFuser = 0) 20. Expert: Is there a skin reaction after exposure to engine oil? No (CFuser = 0) 21. Expert: Is there a reaction to the skin after exposure to acid and alkali? No (CFuser = 0) 22. Expert: Is there a reaction to the skin after exposure to the soil? No (CFuser = 0) 23. Expert: Is there a reaction to the skin after exposure to wood powder? No (CFuser = 0) 24. Expert: Any reaction to the skin after exposure to antiseptic or antibacterial agents? No (CFuser = 0) 25. Expert: Any reaction to the skin when exposed to water containing chlorine or lime? No (CFuser = 0) The next step is to calculate the CF value of each rule by multiplying the value of CFpakar and CFuser. Rule 1: Atopic Dermatitis (DA) CF = CF expertx CF user CF 1 = 0,4 x 0,5 = 0,2 CF 2 = 0,8 x 0,5 = 0,4 CF 3 = 0,9 x 0,8 = 0,72 CF 4 = 0,3 x 0 = 0 CF 5 = 0,4 x 0,5 = 0,2 CF 6 = 0,3 x 0 = 0 CF 7 = 0,1 x 0,2 = 0,02 CF 8 = 0,1 x 0,2 = 0,02 CF 9 = 0,1 x 0 = 0 CF 10 = 0,2 x 0,8 = 0,16 CF 11 = 0,2 x 0,5 = 0,1 Rule 2: Allergic Contact Dermatitis Disease CF = CF pakar x CF user CF 1 = 0,8 x 0,5 = 0,4 CF 2 = 0,9 x 0,8 = 0,72 CF 3 = 0,7 x 0,2 = 0,14 CF 4 = 0,7 x 0 = 0 CF 5 = 0,7 x 0 = 0 CF 6 = 0,6 x 0 = 0 CF 7 = 0,8 x 0,5 = 0,4 CF 8 = 0,4 x 0 = 0 Rule 3: Irritant Contact Dermatitis Disease (ICD) CF = CF expert x CF user CF 1 = 0,8 x 0,5 = 0,4 CF 2 = 0,9 x 0,8 = 0,72 CF 3 = 0,9 x 0,5 = 0,45 CF 4 = 0,8 x 0 = 0 CF 5 = 0,7 x 0 = 0 CF 6 = 0,8 x 0 = 0 CF 7 = 0,3 x 0 = 0 CF 8 = 0,7 x 0 = 0 CF 9 = 0,8 x 0 = 0 CF 10 = 0,8 x 0,2 = 0 The next step is to combine the CF values of each rule to determine the diagnosis of dermatitis, as follows: Contact Irritant Dermatitis CF combine (CF 1, CF 2) = 0,2 + 0,4 * (1-0,2) CF combine (CF 1, CF 2) = 0,4 + 0,72 * (1-0,4) CF combine (CF 1, CF 2) = 0,4 + 0,72 * (1-0,4) = 0,52 (CF old1) CF combine (CF old1, CF 3) = 0,52 + 0,72 * (1-0,52) = 0,832 (CF old1) = 0.832 (CF old1) 3
= 0,8656 (CF old2) CF combine (CF old2, CF 4) = 0,8656 + 0 * (1-0,8656) = 0,8656 (CF old3) CF combine (CF old3, CF 5) = 0,8656 + 0,2 * (1-0,8656) = 0,8924 (CF old4) CF combine (CF old4, CF 6) = 0,8924 + 0 * (1-0,8924) = 0,8924 (CF old5) CF combine (CF old5, CF 7) = 0,8924 + 0,02 * (1-0,8924) = 0,8945 (CF old6) CF combine (CF old6, CF 8) = 0,8945 + 0,02 * (1-0,8945) = 0,8966 (CF old7) CF combine (CF old7, CF 9) = 0,8966 + 0 * (1-0,8966) = 0,8966 (CF old8) CF combine (CF old8, CF 10) = 0,8966 + 0,16 * (1-0,8966) = 0,9131 (CF old9) CF combine (CF old9, CF 11) = 0,9131 + 0,1 * (1-0,9131) = 0,9217 (CF old10) Percentage of confidence = CF combine * 100 % = 0,9217 * 100 = 92,17 % Atopic Dermatitis CF combine (CF old1, CF 3) = 0,832 + 0,14 * (1-0,832) = 0,8555 (CF old2) CF combine (CF old2, CF 4) = 0,8555 + 0 * (1-0,8555) = 0,8555 (CF old3) CF combine (CF old3, CF 5) = 0,8555 + 0 * (1-0,8555) = 0,8555 (CF old4) CF combine (CF old4, CF 6) = 0,8555 + 0 * (1-0,8555) = 0,8555 (CF old5) CF combine (CF old5, CF 7) = 0,8555 + 0,4 * (1-0,8555) = 0,9133 (CF old6) CF combine (CF old6, CF 8) = 0,9133 + 0 * (1-0,9133) = 0,9133 (CF old7) Percentage of confidence = CF combine * 100 % = 0,9133 * 100 % = 91,33 % Allergic Contact Dermatitis CF combine (CF old1, CF 3) = 0.832 + 0,45 * (1-0.832) = 0,9076 (CF old2) CF combine (CF old2, CF 4) = 0,9076 + 0 * (1-0,9076 = 0,9076 (CF old3) CF combine (CF old3, CF 5) = 0,9076 + 0 * (1-0) = 0,9076 (CF old4) CF combine (CF old4, CF 6) = 0,9076 + 0 * (1-0,9076) = 0,9076 (CF old5) CF combine (CF old5, CF 7) = 0,9076 + 0 * (1-0,9076) = 0,9076 (CF old6) CF combine (CF old6, CF 8) = 0,9076 + 0 * (1-0,9076) = 0,9076 (CF old7) CF combine (CF old7, CF 9) = 0,9076 + 0 * (1-0,9076) = 0,9076 (CF old8) CF combine (CF old8, CF 10) = 0,9076 + 0 * (1-0,9076) = 0,9076 (CF old9) Percentage of confidence = CF combine * 100 % = 0,9076 * 100 % = 90,76 Contact Irritant Dermatitis So it can be concluded that the patient was diagnosed with Atopic Dermatitis (DA) disease with a percentage of confidence or CF value of 92.17%. 3.2. Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Application design using data flow diagram. The result of Data flow diagram Level 1 can be found in Figure 1. Figure 1. DFD Level 1 The level 1 DFD consists of Process view, Registration process, login process, which is the process to enter the expert system diagnosis dermatitis disease. There are three login process: user login / login, admin login, and expert login, diagnostic dermatitis process, diagnostic process, data processing process, user data processing process, 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The result of Diagnosis Patient Pageview can be found in Figure 2 4
Figure 2. Patient Diagnostic Page View On the patient's diagnostic page there are symptoms of dermatitis symptoms that the patient must fill in to determine the type of dermatitis patient's disease in accordance with the symptoms experienced by the patient. The test is done with 10 data. Where testing is performed to compare the results of expert system applications and expert physicians. The testing result of case can be found in Table 1. Table 1. Testing Result of Case No Symptom Application Results Diagnostic Results 1 G-001, G-003, G-012, G-005, G-004 CF = 71.576 % 2 G-003, G-012, G-017 CF = 87.13 % 3 G-012, G-003, G-005 CF = 78.748 % 4 G-002, G-003, G-019, G-018 Contact Irritant Dermatitis CF = 98.983936 % 5 G-012, G-016, G-003 CF = 80.134 % 6.G-012, G-002, G-003, G-010 CF = 72.28 % 7 G-016, G-003, G-018 CF = 74.975 % 8 G-002, G-003 Contact Irritant Dermatitis CF = 89.11 % 9 G-013, G-003 CF = 79.188 % 10 G-003, G-018, G-019 Contact Irritant Dermatitis CF = 99.3903616 % Contact Irritant Dermatitis Contact Irritant Dermatitis Based on the test results, 9 data in accordance with doctors data and 1 data is not appropriate. So it can be concluded the accuracy of 90%. 5
5. Conclusion From the results of the design, manufacture, implementation and testing of expert system program diagnosis dermatitis disease using certainty method based on the web, it can be obtained some conclusions and suggestions for the development of expert system program diagnosis of dermatitis disease towards the better. Based on the results of the program testing, expert system diagnosis of dermatitis disease using certain methods of web-based certainty factor is quite helpful to diagnose dermatitis disease based on the symptoms that complained by the patient. Dermatitis disease diagnostic expert system allows users to diagnose their dermatitis disease. In addition users can also obtain various kinds of information about skin health especially related to dermatitis disease through the health tips provided in this expert system. Based on program testing, the dermatitis disease diagnosis expert system has an accuracy value of 90%. And the erroran value of this expert system is 10%. necessary to try to improve the calculations and knowledge base of the expert system, in order to increase the accuracy value and reduce the error value of the dermatitis expert system. REFERENCES [1] Ardhie, A.M. (2004), Dermatitis Dan Peran Steroid Dalam Penanganannya, DEXA MEDIA, Vol. 17, No. 4, hal. 157,158. [2] Desiani, Anita., Arhami, Muhammad. (2006), Konsep Kecerdasan Buatan, Penerbit ANDI, Yogyakarta. [3] Evina, Belda. (2015), Clinical Manifestations And Diagnostics Criteria of Atopic Dermatitis, J MAJORITY, Vol. 4, No. 4, hal. 23. [4] Ikatan Dokter Indonesia. (2014), Panduan Praktik Klinis Bagi Dokter Di Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Primer, Edisi 2/Revisi, Jakarta. [5] J.Martin, and S. Oxman, Building Expert System a tutorial, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1988. [6] Kariosentono, Harijono. (2006), Dermatitis Atopik (Eksema), Cetakan 1, LPP UNS dan UNS Press, Surakarta. [7] Kusrini. (2006), Sistem Pakar Teori Dan Aplikasi, Penerbit ANDI, Yogyakarta. [8] Raharjo, Budi. (2011), Modul Pemrograman WEB, HTML, PHP, dan MYSQL, Modula, Bandung. [9] Saputra, Agus. (2011), Web Tips PHP, HTML 55, dan CSS, Jasakom, Jakarta. [10 Suciani, Wulan. (2016), Sistem Pakar Mendiagnosa Penyakit Jantung Menggunakan Metode Certainty Factor Berbasis Web, Tugas Akhir S.Kom., Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo, Sidoarjo. [11] Suyanto. (2011), Artificial Intelligence, Informatika, Bandung. [12] Yakub, Suardi. (2008), Sistem Basis Data Tutorial Konseptual, Graha Ilmu, Yogyakarta. 6