Exam Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Identify the W's for the description of data. 1) A survey of bicycles parked outside college dormitories at a small university recorded the style 1) (mountain bike, ten speed, etc.), the brand, the color, and the age. A) Who: Bicycles parked at college dormitories.; Cases: Each bicycle is a case; What: Style, brand, color, and age of bicycle; When: Not specified; Where: A small university; Why: Not specified; How: A survey was taken outside college dormitories. B) Who: Bicycles parked at college dormitories.; Cases: Each bicycle is a case; What: Mountain bikes, ten speeds; When: Not specified; Where: A small university; Why: Not specified; How: Students were asked about the bicycle they ride. C) Who: College dormitories.; Cases: Each dormitory is a case; What: Size of dormitory; When: During fall quarter; Where: A small university; Why: Not specified; How: A survey was taken outside college dormitories. D) Who: College dormitories.; Cases: Each dormitory is a case; What: Type of dormitory; When: Not specified; Where: A small university; Why: Not specified; How: A survey was taken outside college dormitories. E) Who: Bicycles parked on campus; Cases: Each bicycle is a case; What: Style, brand, color, and age of bicycle; When: Not specified; Where: A small university; Why: Class Assignment; How: A survey was taken outside classrooms. Name the variables in each description of data, then tell whether they are quantitative or categorical. For each quantitative variable name its unit of measure. 2) A California hospital concerned about the rising number of low birth weight babies collected data 2) from 300 births over a five year time span. The recorded the mother's age, the mother's prepregnancy weight, the level of prenatal care (none, minimal, adequate), and whether the mother used drugs during pregnancy (cigarettes, alcohol, etc.). A) Mother's age, quantitative, years; mother's prepregnancy weight, quantitative, pounds; level of prenatal care, categorical; mother's drug use, categorical. B) Mother's age, quantitative, years; mother's prepregnancy weight, quantitative, pounds. C) Mother's age, quantitative, years; mother's prepregnancy weight, quantitative, pounds; level of prenatal care, categorical; mother's drug use, quantitative, weeks. D) Mother's age, quantitative, years; mother's prepregnancy weight, categorical; level of prenatal care, categorical; mother's drug use, categorical. E) Mother's age, quantitative, years; mother's prepregnancy weight, quantitative, pounds; level of prenatal care, categorical. 1
Provide an appropriate response. 3) School administrators collect data on students attending the school. Which of the following 3) variables is quantitative? A) whether the student is in AP classes B) grade point average C) whether the student has taken the SAT D) class (freshman, soph., junior, senior) E) none of these 4) A magazine article reported on Springfield School District's magnet school programs. Of the 1607 4) qualified applicants, 514 were Black or Hispanic, 262 were Asian, and 831 were White. Summarize the relative frequency distribution of ethnicity with a sentence or two in the proper context. A) Of the 1607 students who applied for admission to the magnet schools program, 32% were Black or Hispanic, 16% were Asian, and 52% were White. B) Of the 1607 students who applied for admission to the magnet schools program, 3% were Black or Hispanic, 2% were Asian, and 5% were White. C) Of the 1607 students who applied for admission to the magnet schools program, 16% were Black, 16% were Hispanic, 16% were Asian, and 52% were White. D) Of the 1607 students accepted in the magnet schools program, 32% were Black or Hispanic, 16% were Asian, and 52% were White. E) Of the 1607 students who applied for admission to the magnet schools program, 62% were Black or Hispanic, 32% were Asian, and 52% were White. Provide an appropriate response. Round to the nearest tenth of a percent if necessary. 5) Students in a political science course were asked to describe their politics as "Liberal", "Moderate", 5) or "Conservative." Here are the results: Politics Liberal Moderate Conservative Total Female Male 28 53 31 41 11 20 70 114 Total 81 72 31 184 What percent of the class considers themselves to be "Liberal"? A) 40% B) 15.2% C) 44% D) 28.8% E) 78.6% 2
6) Students in a political science course were asked to describe their politics as "Liberal", "Moderate", 6) or "Conservative." Here are the results: Politics Liberal Moderate Conservative Total Female Male 43 52 36 55 6 18 85 125 Total 95 91 24 210 What percent of the females in the class consider themselves to be "Liberal"? A) 42.4% B) 45.2% C) 45.3% D) 41.6% E) 50.6% Solve the problem. 7) Describe what these boxplots tell you about the relationship between the state you live in and your 7) salary, based on the same occupation. A) IL and MA have very comparable salaries. The average salaries for these states are just above $40K, and their spreads are very close. NV is very comparable to IL and MA. The upper 50% of salaries for NV corresponds to the lower 50% of WA salaries. B) IL and MA don't have very comparable salaries. The average salaries for these states are just below $40K, and their spreads are different. NV is not very comparable to either IL or MA. The upper 50% of salaries for WA corresponds to the lower 50% of NV salaries. C) IL and MA have very comparable salaries. The average salaries for these states are just below $40K, but their spreads are different. NV is not very comparable to either IL or MA. The upper 50% of salaries for NV corresponds to the lower 50% of WA salaries. D) IL and MA have very comparable salaries. The average salaries for these states are just below $40K, and their spreads are very close. NV 's average is the highest. The upper 50% of salaries for NV corresponds to the lower 50% of WA salaries. E) IL and MA have very comparable salaries. The average salaries for these states are just below $40K, and their spreads are very close. NV is not very comparable to either IL or MA. The upper 50% of salaries for NV corresponds to the lower 50% of WA salaries. 3
Use summary statistics to answer the question. 8) Here are the summary statistics for the monthly payroll for an accounting firm: 8) lowest salary = $30,000, mean salary = $70,000, median = $50,000, range = $120,000, IQR = $ 60,000, first quartile = $35,000, standard deviation = $40,000. Suppose that business has been good and the company gives every employee a $5000 raise. Give the new value of each of the summary statistics. A) Minimum: 35,000; Mean: 75,000; Median: 55,000; Range: 120,000; IQR: 60,000; Q1: 40,000; SD: 40,000 B) Minimum: 30,000; Mean: 75,000; Median: 55,000; Range: 120,000; IQR: 60,000; Q1: 40,000; SD: 40,000 C) Minimum: 35,000; Mean: 70,000; Median: 55,000; Range: 120,000; IQR: 60,000; Q1: 40,000; SD: 40,000 D) Minimum: 35,000; Mean: 75,000; Median: 50,000; Range: 120,000; IQR: 60,000; Q1: 40,000; SD: 40,000 E) Minimum: 30,000; Mean: 70,000; Median: 50,000; Range: 120,000; IQR: 60,000; Q1: 40,000; SD: 40,000 Draw the Normal model and use the 68-95-99.7 Rule to answer the question. 9) The systolic blood pressure of 18-year-old women is normally distributed with a mean of 9) 120 mm Hg and a standard deviation of 12 mm Hg. Draw and label the Normal model for systolic blood pressure. What percentage of 18-year-old women have a systolic blood pressure between 96 mm Hg and 144 mm Hg? A) B) 84 96 108 120 132 144 156 Blood Pressure (mm Hg) ; 68% C) 84 96 108 120 132 144 156 Blood Pressure (mm Hg) ; 99.7% 84 96 108 120 132 144 156 Blood Pressure (mm Hg) ; 34% 4
D) 84 96 108 120 132 144 156 Blood Pressure (mm Hg) ; 95% E) 84 96 108 120 132 144 156 Blood Pressure (mm Hg) ; 84% Solve the problem. 10) A bank's loan officer rates applicants for credit. The ratings can be described by a Normal model 10) with a mean of 200 and a standard deviation of 50. If an applicant is randomly selected, what percentage can be expected to be between 200 and 275? A) 42.37% B) 43.32% C) 5.00% D) 93.32% E) 6.68% 11) The lengths of human pregnancies can be described by a Normal model with a mean of 268 days 11) and a standard deviation of 15 days. What percentage can we expect for a pregnancy that will last at least 300 days? A) 1.79% B) 98.34% C) 48.34% D) 1.66% E) 1.99% 12) For a recent English exam, use the Normal model N(73, 9.2) to find the percent of scores over 85. 12) Round to the nearest tenth of a percent. A) 88.5% B) 9.7% C) 8.1% D) 11.5% E) 90.3% Solve the problem. Round to the nearest tenth. 13) For a recent English exam, use the Normal model N(73, 9.2) to find the score that represents the 13) 30th percentile. A) 77.8 B) 68.2 C) 82.2 D) 63.8 E) 61.2 5
Suppose you are to form a scatterplot by collecting data for the given pair of variables. Determine the likely direction, form, and strength. 14) Depth, water pressure 14) A) Positive, no form, strong B) Negative, straight, moderate C) Negative, nonlinear, moderate D) Positive, nonlinear, moderate E) Positive, straight, strong Determine whether the scatterplot shows little or no association, a negative association, a positive association, a linear association, a moderately strong association, or a very strong association (multiple associations are possible). 15) 15) A) Positive association, linear association, very strong association B) Positive association, linear association C) Linear association, very strong association D) Linear association, moderately strong association E) Positive association, moderately strong association 6
16) 16) A) Positive association, linear association B) Little or no association C) Positive association, moderately strong association D) Negative association, linear association E) Negative association, moderately strong association Find the correlation. 17) Two different tests are designed to measure employee productivity and dexterity. Several 17) employees are randomly selected and tested with these results. Productivity Dexterity 23 49 25 53 28 59 21 42 21 47 25 53 26 55 30 63 34 67 36 75 A) -0.280 B) 0.471 C) 0.159 D) 0.986 E) 0.115 7
Solve the problem. 18) A science instructor assigns a group of students to investigate the linear relationship between the 18) ph of the water of a river and its water's hardness (measured in grains). Some students wrote these conclusions: "My correlation of -0.94 shows that there is almost no association between ph of the water and water's hardness." Is the interpretation of the correlation appropriate? A) Yes: a correlation of -0.94 shows a weak relation in a negative direction. B) No: a correlation of -0.94 shows a strong relation in a negative direction. C) Yes: ph and hardness of water do not have the same units. D) No: correlation is always positive. E) No: the ph and the hardness of the water are data collected from the same river. 19) A science instructor assigns a group of students to investigate the relationship between the ph of 19) the water of a river and its water's hardness (measured in grains). Some students wrote these conclusions: "there was a very strong correlation of 1.47 between ph of the water and water's hardness." Is the calculation of the correlation appropriate? A) Yes: the ph and the hardness of the water are data collected from the same river. B) No: there is little or no association. C) Yes: correlation can be greater than 1. D) No: correlation must be equal to 1. E) No: correlation cannot be greater than 1. 20) A science instructor assigns a group of students to investigate the relationship between the ph of 20) the water of a river and its water's hardness (measured in grains). Some students wrote these conclusions: "there was a very strong correlation of 0.917 grains-1 between ph of the water and water's hardness." Is the calculation of the correlation appropriate? A) Yes: the ph and the hardness of the water are data collected from the same river. B) No: there is little or no association. C) No: ph and hardness of water have different units. D) Yes: correlation is less than 1. E) No: correlation has no units. 21) A study is conducted on insects growth based on hydrometry. The correlation found between 21) insects growth and hydrometry is 0.09. A journalist concludes that a low correlation between insects growth and hydrometry shows that insects can reproduce easily in a dry climate. Do you agree with this interpretation? A) Yes: the two variables are quantitative. B) No: the correlation must be negative. C) No: the relation must be linear. D) Yes: the correlation is close to 0. E) Yes: the relation is linear. 8
22) Almost all of the acidity of soda pop comes from the phosphoric acid which is added to give them 22) a sharper flavor. Is there a relation between the ph of the soda and the amount of phosphoric acid (in grams)? The ph and phosphoric acid content of 12 ounces of several brands of soda are shown on the following scatterplot. The correlation between ph and phosphoric acid is -0.964. Describe the association. A) Weak linear relation in a negative direction B) Strong relation in a negative direction C) No evidence of relation D) Strong linear relation in a positive direction E) Very strong linear relation in a negative direction Use the model to make the appropriate prediction. 23) A golf ball is dropped from 15 different heights (in inches) and the height of the bounce is recorded 23) ^ (in inches.) The regression analysis gives the model bounce = -0.2 + 0.72 drop. Predict the height of the bounce if dropped from 81 inches. A) 112.78 inches B) 58.52 inches C) 58.12 inches D) 81.52 inches E) 58.32 inches Provide an appropriate response. 24) Is the roll of a fair die random? Why or why not? 24) A) No. You can usually predict the outcome on one of six attempts. B) Yes. You cannot predict the outcome beforehand. C) No. A 3 or 4 is the most likely outcome. D) No. There is always a bias in a person's rolling technique. E) Yes. You can predict the outcome beforehand. 9
Answer the question. 25) A magazine publisher mails a survey to every subscriber asking about the quality of its 25) subscription service. The total number of subscribers represents what? A) The sampling frame B) The population C) A census D) The population parameter of interest E) Involuntary sampling 26) A magazine publisher mails a survey to every subscriber asking about the quality of its 26) subscription service. Mailing a survey to every subscriber represents what? A) The population parameter of interest B) The sampling frame C) The sample D) A census E) The sampling method 27) A magazine publisher mails a survey to every subscriber asking about the timeliness of its 27) subscription service. The publisher finds that only 4% of the subscribers responded. This 4% represents what? A) The sampling method B) A census C) The sample D) The sampling frame E) The population parameter of interest 28) A magazine publisher mails a survey to every subscriber asking about the quality of its magazine. 28) The publisher wants 100% of the subscribers to respond. This 100% response rate will represent what? A) A sampling method B) A census C) An involuntary sample D) A population parameter of interest E) A sampling frame 10
29) A magazine publisher will mail a survey to 14% of its subscribers that will be chosen at random. 29) The survey asks about the quality of its subscription service. All of the subscribers, who have an equal and random chance to be chosen for this survey, represent what? A) The population parameter of interest B) A census C) The sampling frame D) The population E) The sampling method 30) A magazine publisher always mails out a questionnaire two months before a subscription ends. 30) This questionnaire asks its subscribers if they are going to renew their subscriptions. On average, only9% of the subscribers respond to the questionnaire. Of the 9% who do respond, an average of 45% say that they will renew their subscription. This 9% who respond to the questionnaire are known as what? A) The bias B) The population parameter of interest C) The population D) The sample E) The sampling frame 31) A computer network manager wants to test the reliability of some new and expensive fiber-optic 31) Ethernet cables that the computer department just received. The computer department received 8 boxes containing 30 cables each. The manager does not have the time to test every cable in each box. The manager will choose one box at random and test 6 cables chosen randomly within that box. What is the population? A) The 8 boxes B) The 6 cables chosen randomly for testing C) 240 cables D) The one box that was chosen at random from the 8 boxes E) The proportion of reliable cables Provide an appropriate response. 32) An education researcher randomly selects 38 schools from one school district and interviews all the 32) teachers at each of the 38 schools. Identify the type of sampling used in this example. A) Cluster sampling B) Attempted census C) Systematic sampling D) Stratified sampling E) Voluntary response sampling 11
33) At a college there are 120 freshmen, 90 sophomores, 110 juniors, and 80 seniors. A school 33) administrator selects a random sample of 12 of the freshmen, a random sample of 9 of the sophomores, a random sample of 11 of the juniors, and a random sample of 8 of the seniors. She then interviews all the students selected. Identify the type of sampling used in this example. A) Systematic sampling B) Attempted census C) Cluster sampling D) Voluntary response sampling E) Stratified sampling 34) At the local college a survey was being done on whether or not the students liked the cafeteria 34) food. The survey was located in the college newspaper and was to be filled out and sent to the editing office. Identify the type of sampling used in this example. A) Attempted census B) Voluntary response sampling C) Systematic sampling D) Stratified sampling E) Cluster sampling 35) A blockbuster movie had just premiered on exactly 1859 screens throughout the country. Within 35) the first week, a few theaters were chosen at random, and then theater management interviewed approximately 5% of the theatergoers at those selected theaters. All these theatergoers loved the movie, therefore management decided to increase the number of showings per week. Identify the type of sampling used in this example. A) Multistage sampling B) Systematic sampling C) Simple random sampling D) Convenience sampling E) Voluntary response sampling 36) A newly-premiered play just ended that evening at a local theater. Theater management briefly 36) interviews every fifth person leaving the theater to see if that person will recommend the play at that theater to other people. Identify the type of sampling used in this example. A) Systematic sampling B) Convenience sampling C) Cluster sampling D) Voluntary response sampling E) Stratified sampling 12
37) During the winter season, a prominent newspaper reporter is interested in writing a story about 37) the lack of proper heating of apartment buildings in the city in which he lives. During a particularly frigid weekend, this reporter manages to interview almost everyone in his own apartment building. The reporter finds that everyone, including himself, is satisfied with the heating in the apartment building. Identify the type of sampling used in this example. A) Convenience sampling B) Systematic sampling C) Attempted census D) Cluster sampling E) Voluntary response sampling 38) Each person in a simple random sample of 2,000 received a survey, and 317 people returned their 38) survey. How could nonresponse cause the results of the survey to be biased? A) Those who did not respond caused a violation of the assumption of independence. B) Thoses who did not respond were indistinguishable from those who did not receive the survey. C) Those who did respond may differ in some important way from those who did not respond. D) Those who did not respond reduced the sample size, and small samples have more bias than large samples. E) Those who did not respond represent a stratum, changing the simple random sample into a a stratified random sample. Identify the bias. 39) Inside the boxes of a new brand of cereal, is a short survey that can be mailed back for free to the 39) manufacturer. The survey asks the consumer if he or she likes the cereal or not. What, if any, will be the most noticeable bias for this survey? A) Undercoverage of the population B) Response bias C) Voluntary response bias D) Nonresponse bias E) There does not seem to be any bias. 40) A cereal manufacturer randomly samples households across the country by telephone. The survey 40) asks the consumer to explain honestly in fifty words or less why he or she likes or dislikes its brand of cereals. It is also stated that for those who participate in this telephone survey, a random drawing will be held for an all-expense paid, two-week cruise. What, if any, will be the most noticeable bias for this survey? A) Nonresponse bias B) Undercoverage of the population C) Voluntary response bias D) Response bias E) There does not seem to be any bias. 13
Determine whether the report describes a prospective observational study, a retrospective observational study, or an experiment. 41) An educational researcher used school records to determine that, in one school district, 84% of 41) children living in two-parent homes graduated high school while 75% of children living in single-parent homes graduated high school. A) Prospective observational study B) Experiment C) Retrospective observational study 42) In a group of 500 men and women, those who smoked did worse on tests of reaction time than 42) those who did not smoke. A) Experiment B) Retrospective observational study C) Prospective observational study 43) 780 patients suffering from high blood pressure were randomly assigned to one of three groups. 43) Over a four-month period, the first group received an experimental drug, the second group received a placebo, and the third group received no treatment. The diastolic blood pressure of each participant was measured at the beginning and at the end of the period and the change in blood pressure was recorded. The biggest decrease in blood pressure was for those who received the drug. A) Prospective observational study B) Retrospective observational study C) Experiment An observational study is described. Identify the specified element. 44) An educational researcher used school records to determine that in the year 2000 in one school 44) district, 84% of children living in two-parent homes graduated high school while 75% of children living in single-parent homes graduated high school. Determine the parameter of interest. A) Type of home (single or two-parent) B) School district C) High school graduation rate D) Year of high school graduation E) Percentage of children living in two-parent homes 14
A designed experiment is described. Identify the specified element. 45) In a clinical trial, 780 participants suffering from high blood pressure were randomly assigned to 45) one of three groups. Over a one-month period, the first group received a low dosage of an experimental drug, the second group received a high dosage of the drug, and the third group received a placebo. The diastolic blood pressure of each participant was measured at the beginning and at the end of the period and the change in blood pressure was recorded. The biggest decrease in blood pressure was for those who received the low dosage of the drug. Identify the response variable measured. A) The dosage of the drug B) The participants in the experiment C) Change in diastolic blood pressure D) The one-month period E) The treatment received (placebo, low dosage, high dosage) 15