Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration Last Updated: 2007-05-16 Level Date Region and sample descriptor Sex Age (years) Sample size 1 Goitre prevalence (%) 2 Urinary iodine (µg/l) Distribution (%) Prevalence (%) TGP <20 20-49 50-99 100-299 >300 <100 Median Mean N 2005 National: SAC: Total B 6.00-11.99 3439 1.1 8.4 17.6 31.3 27.4 188.0 5793 SAC by area: Urban B 6.00-11.99 383 0.4 2.6 8.5 11.4 361.0 SAC by area: Rural B 6.00-11.99 3056 1.2 9.4 19.2 30.3 169.0 SAC by sex F 6.00-11.99 1682 1.1 9.7 18.6 29.8 178.8 SAC by sex M 6.00-11.99 1757 1.1 7.2 16.6 25.2 202.0 SAC by age B 6.00-6.99 640 1.0 8.2 17.9 27.6 197.0 SAC by age B 7.00-7.99 595 1.6 9.1 18.8 30.0 164.8 SAC by age B 8.00-8.99 614 1.1 9.3 17.9 28.8 178.0 SAC by age B 9.00-9.99 548 1.3 10.8 17.6 30.0 174.0 SAC by age B 10.00-10.99 602 0.5 7.4 15.0 23.2 215.5 SAC by age B 11.00-11.99 440 1.1 4.1 18.5 23.8 202.0 SAC by stratum: East and Central Terai B 6.00-11.99 569 1.1 11.1 19.9 32.3 163.0 SAC by stratum: East and Central Hills B 6.00-11.99 568 2.1 7.9 17.1 27.3 217.5 SAC by stratum: East and Central Mountains B 6.00-11.99 580 0.7 7.1 19.0 27.1 163.5 SAC by stratum: All West Terai B 6.00-11.99 552 0.2 6.3 16.8 23.7 206.0 SAC by stratum: All West Hills B 6.00-11.99 585 0.5 6.8 15.4 23.4 199.0 SAC by stratum: All West Mountains B 6.00-11.99 585 3.1 8.5 17.3 29.2 165.0 D 2004P 3 districts: SAC: Total B 5.00-13.99 190 3.2 14.2 10.5 43.7 28.4 27.9 201.2 5607 SAC by sex F 5.00-13.99 91 4.4 16.5 8.8 45.0 25.3 29.7 190.2 SAC by sex M 5.00-13.99 99 2.0 12.1 12.1 42.4 31.3 26.2 211.9 SAC by district: Kavre B 5.00-13.99 74 6.8 13.5 18.9 55.4 5.4 39.2 139.0 SAC by district: Lalitpur B 5.00-13.99 27 3.7 22.2 0.0 33.3 40.7 25.9 244.4 SAC by district: Parsa B 5.00-13.99 89 0.0 12.4 6.7 37.1 43.8 19.1 266.7 N 1997-1998 National: SAC: Total B 6.00-11.99 1450 1.7 11.9 21.5 35.1 143.8 1083 National: Women: Total F 15.00 - NS 1313 3.1 13.3 27.5 43.9 114.1 SAC by area: Urban B 6.00-11.99 220 0.0 7.3 10.0 17.4 259 SAC by area: Rural B 6.00-11.99 1230 2.0 12.7 23.6 38.3 133.7 SAC by sex F 6.00-11.99 716 1.9 13.7 21.7 37.2 139.8 SAC by sex M 6.00-11.99 733 1.5 10.1 21.4 33.0 149 SAC by age B 6.00-6.99 293 1.0 9.4 25.5 36.0 144.9 SAC by age B 7.00-7.99 292 2.1 12.1 18.0 32.2 157.6 SAC by age B 8.00-8.99 325 1.3 13.8 25.0 40.0 143.1 SAC by age B 9.00-9.99 215 2.4 13.7 22.2 38.2 120.6 SAC by age B 10.00-10.99 211 2.9 11.6 16.4 30.9 156.0 SAC by age B 11.00-11.99 113 0.9 8.9 19.6 29.5 154.0 SAC by ecological zone: Hills B 6.00-11.99 660 1.6 5.4 18.3 25.3 183.0 SD Reference Notes General Line
Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration Last Updated: 2007-05-16 Goitre prevalence (%) Urinary iodine (µg/l) Distribution (%) Prevalence (%) Notes Level Date Region and sample descriptor Sex Age (years) Sample size 1 2 TGP <20 20-49 50-99 100-299 >300 <100 Median Mean SD Reference General Line N 1997-1998 SAC by ecological zone: Mountain B 6.00-11.99 113 1.8 4.6 14.7 21.1 196.6 1083 SAC by ecological zone: Terai B 6.00-11.99 677 1.8 19.2 25.7 46.7 108.9 Women by physiological status: NPW F 15.00 - NS 1169 0.8 14.0 27.1 41.9 112.0 Women by physiological status: PW F 15.00 - NS 132 3.1 13.4 27.9 44.4 134.0 Women by area: Urban F 15.00 - NS 193 2.1 7.8 12.4 22.3 205.0 Women by area: Rural F 15.00 - NS 1120 3.2 14.3 30.2 47.7 105.0 Women by age F 15.00-19.99 92 1.1 9.8 38.0 48.9 106.0 Women by age F 20.00-29.99 692 2.9 14.7 26.7 44.4 113.0 Women by age F 30.00-39.99 449 3.8 12.1 26.5 42.5 121.0 Women by age F 40.00 - NS 80 1.3 12.5 28.8 42.5 117.0 Women by ecological zone: Hills F 15.00 - NS 598 1.7 9.6 20.7 32.0 142.7 Women by ecological zone Mountains F 15.00 - NS 102 2.0 8.2 19.4 29.6 168.6 Women by ecological zone: Terai F 15.00 - NS 613 4.6 17.8 35.5 57.8 85.0 National: SAC: Total B 6.00-11.99 15542 40.0 40.0 National: Women: Total F 15.00 - -999.99 15540 48.7 1.3 50.0 SAC by sex F 6.00-11.99 7950 41.5 41.5 SAC by sex M 6.00-11.99 7591 38.4 38.4 SAC by age B 6.00-6.99 3277 31.2 31.2 SAC by age B 7.00-7.99 3041 33.6 0.1 33.7 SAC by age B 8.00-8.99 3021 40.5 40.5 SAC by age B 9.00-9.99 2349 44.3 44.3 SAC by age B 10.00-10.99 2244 48.4 48.4 SAC by age B 11.00-11.99 1600 51.3 0.1 51.4 SAC by ecological zone: Hills B 6.00-11.99 7090 40.7 40.7 SAC by ecological zone: Mountain B 6.00-11.99 1203 44.6 44.6 SAC by ecological zone: Terai B 6.00-11.99 7249 38.4 0.1 38.5 SAC by region: Hills Central B 6.00-11.99 1198 34.8 34.8 SAC by region: Hills East B 6.00-11.99 1199 44.7 44.7 SAC by region: Hills Far West B 6.00-11.99 1194 57.2 57.2 SAC by region: Hills Mid West B 6.00-11.99 1197 30.4 0.1 30.5 SAC by region: Hills West B 6.00-11.99 1196 46.2 46.2 SAC by region: Mountain Central B 6.00-11.99 1200 42.8 42.8 SAC by region: Mountain East B 6.00-11.99 1200 51.8 51.8 SAC by region: Mountain West B 6.00-11.99 1184 42.2 0.1 42.3 SAC by region: Terai Central B 6.00-11.99 1194 21.9 21.9 SAC by region: Terai East B 6.00-11.99 1199 45.0 0.1 45.1 SAC by region: Terai Far West B 6.00-11.99 1192 35.5 0.4 35.9 SAC by region: Terai Mid West B 6.00-11.99 1190 20.5 0.1 20.6
Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration Last Updated: 2007-05-16 Goitre prevalence (%) Urinary iodine (µg/l) Distribution (%) Prevalence (%) Notes Level Date Region and sample descriptor Sex Age (years) Sample size 1 2 TGP <20 20-49 50-99 100-299 >300 <100 Median Mean SD Reference General Line N 1997-1998 SAC by region: Terai West B 6.00-11.99 1196 72.2 72.2 1083 Women by physiologicial status: NPW F 15.00 - NS 13753 48.0 1.3 49.3 Women by physiologicial status: PW F 15.00 - NS 1597 54.4 1.1 55.5 Women by area: Urban F 15.00 - NS 1703 31.1 0.6 31.7 Women by area: Rural F 15.00 - NS 13836 50.8 1.4 52.2 Women by age F 15.00-19.99 846 46.8 0.7 47.5 Women by age F 20.00-29.99 8770 48.3 0.9 49.2 Women by age F 30.00-39.99 4794 50.0 1.8 51.8 Women by age F 40.00 - -999.99 1188 47.9 3.1 51.0 Women by ecological zone: Hills F 15.00 - NS 7080 48.3 0.6 48.9 Women by ecological zone: Mountains F 15.00 - NS 1204 59.3 1.3 60.6 Women by ecological zone: Terai F 15.00 - NS 7256 47.2 2.0 49.2 Women by region: Hills Central F 15.00 - NS 1199 42.9 0.3 43.2 Women by region: Hills East F 15.00 - NS 1198 51.6 0.9 52.5 Women by region: Hills Far-West F 15.00 - NS 1188 65.3 0.6 65.9 Women by region: Hills Mid-West F 15.00 - NS 1198 39.4 0.8 40.2 Women by region: Hills West F 15.00 - NS 1190 53.2 0.6 53.8 Women by region: Mountain Central F 15.00 - NS 1194 54.5 0.3 54.8 Women by region: Mountain East F 15.00 - NS 1194 62.7 0.3 63.0 Women by region: Mountain West F 15.00 - NS 1192 61.2 2.9 64.1 Women by region: Terai Central F 15.00 - NS 1194 27.6 0.8 28.4 Women by region: Terai East F 15.00 - NS 1196 51.8 2.4 54.2 Women by region: Terai Far- West F 15.00 - NS 1196 56.6 6.6 63.2 Women by region: Terai Mid- West F 15.00 - NS 1198 38.5 1.6 40.1 Women by region: Terai West F 15.00 - NS 1200 80.3 1.8 82.1 D 1992-1993 3 communities: SAC/Adolescents: Total B 10.00-18.00 633 45.0 25.0 70.0 643 SAC by sex and community: Jinabang F 10.00-14.00 72 47.2 12.5 59.7 SAC by sex and community: Satbariya F 10.00-14.00 84 61.9 13.1 75.0 SAC by sex and community: Thabang F 10.00-14.00 58 37.9 58.6 96.5 SAC by sex and community: Jinabang M 10.00-14.00 56 53.6 5.4 59.0 SAC by sex and community: Satbariya M 10.00-14.00 81 53.1 8.6 61.7 SAC by sex and community: Thabang M 10.00-14.00 39 28.2 61.5 89.7 Adolescents by sex and community: Jinabang F 15.00-18.00 33 24.2 6.1 30.3 Adolescents by sex and community: Satbariya F 15.00-18.00 59 57.6 18.6 76.2 Adolescents by sex and community: Thabang F 15.00-18.00 39 10.3 87.2 97.5 Adolescents by sex and community: Jinabang M 15.00-18.00 39 59.0 59.0 Adolescents by sex and community: Satbariya M 15.00-18.00 47 40.0 14.9 54.9
Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration Last Updated: 2007-05-16 Level Date Region and sample descriptor Sex Age (years) Sample size 1 Goitre prevalence (%) 2 Urinary iodine (µg/l) Distribution (%) Prevalence (%) TGP <20 20-49 50-99 100-299 >300 <100 Median Mean SD Reference Notes General Line D 1992-1993 Adolescents by sex and community: Thabang M 15.00-18.00 22 22.7 77.3 100.0 643 SAC/Adolescents by community: Jinabang B 10.00-18.00 200 47.5 7.0 54.5 SAC/Adolescents by community: Satbariya B 10.00-18.00 271 55.0 13.0 68.0 SAC/Adolescents by community: Thabang B 10.00-18.00 158 26.6 70.0 96.6
NOTES Reference no 5793 General Notes: Two-stage cluster sampling with probability proportionate to size stratified by 6 eco-development strata; 20 households selected in each of 30 clusters in each of the 6 strata; sample representative for each strata; data for each strata weighted by population size for national estimates. Reference no 5607 General Notes: Multi-stage sampling; rural primary schools (the schools with 2 hours walking distance from the motorable road were identified as rural schools), study conducted in central development region including the districts of Kavrepalachowk, Parsa and Lalitpur, representing different ecological regions (Mid-hill region and Terai region); 1803 urine samples were collected, but due to same technical difficulties only 190 urine samples were subjected for laboratory processing and analysis; same data reported in reference No. 5777. Reference no 1083 General Notes: Two-stage cluster sampling with probability proportionate to size; sample sizes weighted to account for sample design based on analysis at ecological zone level. Reference no 643 General Notes: Sample comprised SAC/Adolescents randomly selected from households in the communities of Sabariya, Dang district, and Jinabang and Thabang, Rolpa district.
Reference 643 Reference 1083 Reference 5607 Reference 5793 R E F E R E N C E S Regmi SC, Adhikari R. A study on the factors influencing nutrition status of adolescent girls in Nepal. Washington, DC, International Center for Research on Women, 1994. Ministry of Health [Nepal], Child Health Division, New ERA, The Micronutrient Initiative, UNICEF [Nepal], WHO. Nepal Micronutrient Status Survey 1998. Kathmandu, Ministry of Health, 1999. Joshi AB, Banjara MR, Rikimaru T, Pandey S. Assessment of Current Status of Iodine Deficieny Disorder (IDD) for the Development of Future Control Program. Kathmandu, Nepal, Child Health Division, Department of Health Services, Ministry of Health, 2004. Ministry of Health and Population, Child Health Division, The Micronutrient Initiative, New ERA. Nepal iodine deficiency disorders status survey 2005. Kathmandu, Nepal, Ministry of Health and Population, Child Health Division, 2005.
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES Reference 574 Reference 586 Reference 606 Reference 609 Reference 634 Reference 635 Reference 1081 Reference 1082 Reference 1150 Reference 1180 Reference 1181 Reference 1182 Reference 1239 Reference 1457 Reference 3603 Reference 5361 Reference 5362 Achaya S. Survey of iodine deficiency disorders in South East Asia: Nepal. IDD Newsletter, 1989, 5 :18-19. Achard T. Some aspects of iodine deficiency in Nepal. Tropical Doctor, 1987, 17 :5-7. Acharya S. IDD in Nepal: assessment of program impact. Ministry of Health/United Nations Children's Fund,. Achaya S. Report on WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD consultation and workshop on iodine deficiency disorders in southeast Asia. New Delhi, 1989. [Anonymous]. IDD: brief on Country Profiles.. Bagchi K. Assessment of nutritional situation in Nepal. Kathmandu, 1975. Berghmans L, Delange F, Thilly CH. An integrated strategy of goitre and cretinism control for Nepal by iodinated oil and iodized salt [draft]. Kathmandu, Ministry of Health/United Nations Children's Fund, 1980. Karmakar MG, Pandav CS. IDD Nepal: monitoring and control of iodated salt: consultants report UNICEF, Kathmandu. New Delhi, The All India Institute of Medical Sciences, 1985. Ibbertson HK. Goitre and cretinism in the high Himalayas. New Zealand Medical Journal, 1974, 80 :484-488. Ratcliffe CGE, Lowry A, Mashiter G, Smith MA, Young AE, Maisey MN. Thyroidhormone concentrations in Nepal, a study of potential Gurkha army recruits: the effect of changes in the diet. Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps, 1991, 137 :14-21. Bishop RA. Iodine supplementation programme in Nepal. New Zealand Medical Journal, 1999, 112 :389-390. Murdoch DR, Harding EG, Dunn JT. Persistence of iodine deficiency 25 years after initial correction effort in the Khumbu region of Nepal. New Zealand Medical Journal, 1999, 112 :266-268. Baral N, Ramaprasad C, Lamasal M, Koner BC, Koirala S. Assay of iodine deficiency status in three ecological regions of Nepal by a microdigestion method. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 1999, 30 :527-531. Ibbertson HK. Himalayan goiter. Acta Endocrinologica. Supplementum, 1973, 179 :13-14. Taren DL, Duncan B, Shrestha K, Shrestha N, Genaro-Wolf D, Schleicher RL, Pfeiffer CM, Sowell AL, Greivenkamp J, Canfield L. The night vision threshold test is a better predictor of low serum vitamin A concentration than self-reported night blindness in pregnant urban Nepalese women. Journal of Nutrition, 2004, 134 :2573-2578. Jimba M. Inter-school variation in iodine deficiency disorders in rural Nepal: implications for monitoring. Boston, Massachusetts, Harvard School of Public Health, 2002. Schulze KJ, West KP Jr, Gautschi LA, Dreyfuss ML, LeClerq SC, Dahal BR, Wu LS, Khatry SK. Seasonality in urinary and household salt iodine content among pregnant and lactating women of the plains of Nepal. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2003, 57 :969-976.
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES Reference 5777 Joshi AB, Banjara MR, Bhatta LR, Rikimaru T, Jimba M. Assessment of IDD problem by estimation of urinary iodine among school children. Nepal Medical College Journal, 2006, 8 :111-114.