International Journal of Innovative Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research www.ijipsr.com A COMPREHENSIVE DRUG REVIEW ON GUGGUL IN AYURVEDA PROSPECTIVE Dr. Abhijeet Ugale*, Dr. Rajendra Urade M.D. (Agadtantra) Sch., B. M. Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, INDIA Professor & HOD, Dept. of Agadtantra, B. M. Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, INDIA Abstract The guggul plant is widely distributed throughout India. The current tendency of Ayurvedic pharmaceuticals mainly shows the use of Guggulu in the form of gutika or vati. There are numerous formulation used in Ayurveda for curing diseases however one among the many drugs used in preparation of medicines is Guggulu. This is considered to be the exudate of plant Commipharamukul. Guggulu s unique properties of decreasing cholesterol level and relieving joint inflammation find it as an essential ingredient of numerous Ayurvedic medicines. Keywords: Guggulu, gutika, vati, Bhaishajya, Kalpana, Churna. Corresponding Author: Dr. Abhijeet Ugale M.D.(Agadtantra) Sch. B. M. Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, INDIA Email: abhijeetugale01@gmail.com Phone: +91-9890275189 Available online: www.ijipsr.com May Issue 60
INTRODUCTION According to Ayurveda, we have three essential elements Vata, Pitta and Kapha, which constitutes the Tridosha and are responsible for the origin of body and also regularize the all the functional activities of the body. The imbalance of Tridosha (or vitiations) leads to the vyadhi i.e. disease. The prime object of Ayurveda is to counteract the imbalance of Tridosha, which only can be achieved by appropriate intake of Diet (Ahara) as well as AushadhaKalpana(Medicine).The medicine preparations described in Ayurveda plays an important and major role in curative the disorders of human beings.the substance through which vyadhi(disease condition) can be overcome is called the Bhaishajya [1]. In Ayurveda, there are numerous formulations have been described initiating from simple Churna of herbal drugs to complex Sindoor and Bahasmas. They all are called as Aushadhi Kalpana. Among these medicine one of the very essential components is utilized for various formulation in Ayurveda known as Guggul. Right from the Vedic period Guggulu is a wellknown drug of Indigenous System of Medicine. It is a small thorny plant found through out India. Guggul and gum guggulu are the names given to a yellowish resin produced by the stem of the plant. This resin has been used historically and is also the source of modern extracts of Guggul [2-5]. Guggul The guggul plant is widely distributed throughout India, The tree is a small shrub with thorny branches. The gum, called "guggul" or guggulu," is tapped from the stem of the plant, and the fragrant yellow latex solidifies as it oozes out. Guggulu (Commiphoramukul) is a powerful and potent herb derived from the flowering mukul myrrh tree found in arid climates in India [6]. According to Ayurveda, Guggulu, which means protects from disease in Sanskrit, is one of the most important purifying herbs and has been used for thousands of years.there are ample references to Guggul and its medicinal properties in 'SushrutaSamahita', the classical ancient treatise on Ayurvedic medicine, which describes the use of Guggul for a wide variety of conditions. Guggul is one of the most used Ayurvedic herb. Its oleo-gum resin is used as binding agent in many tablets. Guggulu s unique properties of decreasing cholesterol level and relieving joint inflammation find it as an essential ingredient of numerous Ayurvedic medicines [7-9]. Parts Used Guggul is a tree which exudes a resinous liquid out of incisions that are made in its bark. This resin has been used for traditional medicine. Available online: www.ijipsr.com May Issue 61
Vernacular Name: Latin name English Hindi Marathi : Commiphoramukul : Gum-guggulu, Indian Bedellium : Googal, Guggal : Guggul It is alterative, antiatherogenic, antipyretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory antisuppurative, aperient, antihypercholesterolemic, aphrodisiac, astringent, bitter, carminative, demulcent, diaphoretic, disinfectant, diuretic, emmenagogue, enhances phagocytosis, immunostimulant (increases leukocytes), stimulating expectorant, stomachic, thyroid stimulant, uterine stimulant [10]. Classifications of Gana by different Acharya: Sushruta : Eladi, Kaphasmaribhedan Charak : Sangyasthapana, Kashaya Skandha AshtangaSangraha : Eladi Harita Samhita : Rasayan DhanvantariNighantu : BhavaprakashaNighantu Types of Guggul: Chandanadi : Karpooradi Bhavaprakasha has prescribed five types of Guggulu on the basis of color These are : Guggul Color A. Mahishaksha : Bhringa or Anjana. B. Mahaneel extremely blue in color C. Kumuda Kumuda flower D. Padma Dark red like ruby color E. Hiranya Gold color However, each type of variety has been prescribed for specifically in human and animals. The Kanaka type has been told best of all and prescribed to use as Medicine in human beings. Mahishaksha can be used as medicine in humans, Mahaneel and Mahishaksha have been told to be useful in elephants and Kumuda and Padma has been said to be useful in horse [11]. Properties of Guggul: Rasa (Taste) Virya(Action) Vipaka:(Post digestive effect) Prabhava:(Specicific potency) : Bitter, (tikta), pungent(katu) : Ushna- Hot : Pungent(Katu) : as a Rasayana and Tridoshahar Available online: www.ijipsr.com May Issue 62
Dosh effect : Vatakaphahar,pittakar It is alterative,antiatherogenic,antihypercholesterolemic,anti-inflamatory, antipyretic, antiseptic, antispasmodic, antisuppurative, aperients, aphrodisiac, astringent, bitter, carminative, demulcent, diaphoretic, disinfectant, diuretic, emmenagogue, enhances phagocytosis, immunestimulant (increases leukocytes), stimulating expectorant, stomachic, thyroid stimulant. Benefits of Guggul In Ayurveda: There are abundant references to Guggul and its medicinal properties in 'SushrutaSamahita', the classical ancient treatise on Ayurvedic medicine, which describes the use of Guggul for a wide variety of conditionsthe utility of usefulness of Guggulu in the treatment of obesity and othercomplications (Su. 15/32). Some of these are rheumatism, obesity, and atherosclerosis. In the treatment of arteriosclerosis it is useful in reducing existing plaque in arteries. "Guggul is the best among herbs that are used for obesity and Vata disorders." (Charaka Samhita, Sutra Section, Ch. 25). Acharya Charaka included Guggulu in SangyaSthapanaMaha Kashaya (Su. 4/48) and in Kashaya Skandha (Vi.8/144). It is used in many diseases like Urustambha, Vatarakta etc. and also used as a fumigating agent in various disorders. Maharishi Sushruta has described Guggulu in the list of seven most important drugs for the treatment of Sthaulya (Su. 15/32). He has prescribed Guggulu with Go-mutra in condition of vitiated vata with Medodhatu dominated Kaphadosha (Chi. 5/35). The drug is also mentioned as highly effective in the treatment of Vrana as a fumigating agent (Su. 5/10-12), Kushtha (Chi. 9/6), Vidradhi (Chi.17/32), Pratisaranartha (Chi. 22/5), Shotha (Chi. 23/12), Gulma (Utt. 42/63). Many formulations of Guggulu have been mentioned in Sharangadhara Samhita. However, in Vatikal padhyaya (Sha. Sam. M. Kha. 7), guggulu has been suggested specifically for the vati preparation, because it facilitates the binding capacity [12]. Rasa Ratna Samuchchaya, Ratnakar, Rasendra SarSangraha, Yoga Ratnakar, Rasa Chakradatta, etc. have prescribed many yogas of Guggulu for various ailments [13]. CONCLUSION There are plentiful references to Guggul and its medicinal properties in 'Chakradutta, Bhavprakash and Sushruta Samahita, as well as other treatise of Ayurveda', which describes the use of Guggul for a wide variety of conditions the utility of usefulness of Guggulu. Administration of impure Guggulu may create adverse effects, it should be used after propershodhana. Currently in many Ayurveda medicine it is mainly used in the form of vati because of its good binding property and increased therapeutic action. Available online: www.ijipsr.com May Issue 63
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