DOI: /ICJ poliovirus. [14] (Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease, HFMD) (Herpangina) 71 [26] [17,18,27] 71 picornaviridae

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174 DOI: 10.6526/ICJ.2016.404 71 71 [14] (Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease, HFMD) (Herpangina) 71 71 picornaviridae poliovirus / 1990 71 [26] [17,18,27] 71

175 [31] ICR NOD/SCID AG129 hpsgl-1 hscarb2 (MP4) (MP4) (MP10) 104 12 NHRI-IV PSGL-1 SCARB2 [10] [11,20] 71 [15,16,21-22] ( ) 71 71 ( ) () ( ) 105 8

176 EV71 EV71, µg ( ) Vero EV71 B4 GMP 5, 10 24~43 (60) I NCT01268787 ( ) Sinovac Biotech Vero EV71 C4a FY7VP5 0.25, 0.5, 1 (>5 ) I NCT01273246 Co. Ltd. ( ) 1 (18~60 ) II NCT01273233 1 (6~35 ) (10245) III NCT01507857 Vigoo Biological Vero EV71 C4a H07 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 (>5 ) I NCT01313715 Co. Ltd. ( ) 0.8 (18~60 ) II NCT01399853 0.8 (6~35 ) (10077) III NCT01508247 CAMS ( ) Human dploid KMB-17 0.25 (>5 ) I NCT01391494 EV71 C4a (18~60 ) II NCT01512706 (6~71 ) (12000) III Inviragen () Vero EV71 B2 0.6, 3 (36) I NCT01376479 () A. Cynomolgus monkeys B. Rhesus monkeys C. Green monkeys / 71 71 Cynomolgus monkeys [19-20] [23] [19-20] Rhesus monkeys [24] [25]

177 - [28-29]/ NOD/SCID mice [30] 2013 71 picornaviridae poliovirus ( ) 71 / / (EV71-MP4) EV71-MP-26M / CHO CHOadapted EV71-26 M 71 A. PSGL-1 B. SCARB2 71 / 71 SCARB2 71 / / / [11] 71 71 (Live-attenuated virus) (Inactivated whole-virion) 105 8

178 (Recombinant VP1 protein) DNA (VP1 DNA) (transgenic plant) (Bacteria vector) (Synthetic peptide) (Virus-like particle) [3,5,8,9,12,13] [6] 2007 2011 ( ) cgmp PIC/S cgmp 71 71 (Ad-VLP) [7,12] 1998 1999 71 [1] 3.8% 25.7% 3~4 71 71 71 / [1] ICR NOD/SCID mice AG129 IFN- / PSGL-1 SCARB2

179 71 () 71 3~4 1. World Health Organization Western Pacific Region (2011). A guide to clinical management and public health response for hand, foot and mouth. 2. US CDC (2015, October). Acute Flaccid Paralysis Associated with Novel Enterovirus C105. Available http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/ article/21/10/15-0759_article 3. Solomon T, Lewthwaite P, Perera D, et al: Virology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and control of enterovirus 71. Lancet Infect Dis 2010;10:778-90. 4. Bessaud M, Razafindratsimandresy R, Nougairede A, et al: Molecular comparison and evolutionary analyses of VP1 nucleotide sequences of new African human enterovirus 71 isolates reveal a wide genetic diversity. PLoS One 2014;9:e90624. 5. Chong P, Hsieh SY, Liu CC, et al: Production of EV71vaccine candidates. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012;8:1775-83. 6. Liu CC, Chow YH, Chong P, et al: Prospect and challenges for the development of multivalent vaccines against hand, foot and mouth diseases. Vaccine 2014;32:6177-82. 7. Chong P, Guo MS, Lin FH, et al: Immunological a n d b i o c h e m i c a l c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n o f coxsackie virus A16 viral particles. PLoS One 2012;7:e49973. 8. Cai Y1, Ku Z1, Liu Q, et al: A combination vaccine comprising of inactivated enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 elicits balanced protective immunity against both viruses. Vaccine 2014;32:2406-12. 9. Lyu Ke, He YL, Li HY, et al: Crystal structures of yeast-produced enterovirus 71 and enterovirus 71/ Coxsackievirus A16 chimeric virus-like Particles Provide the structural basis for novel vaccine design against hand-foot-and-mouth disease. J Virol 2015;89:6196-208. 10. Lin HY, Yang YT, Yu SL, et al: Caveolar endocytosis is required for human PSGL-1- mediated enterovirus 71 infection. J Virol 2013;87:9064-76. 11. Lin YW, Yu SL, Shao HY, et al: Human SCARB2 transgenic mice as an infectious animal model for enterovirus 71. PLoS One 2013;8:e57591. 12. Tsou YL, Lin YW, Shao HY, et al: Recombinant adeno-vaccine expressing enterovirus 71-like particles against hand, foot, and mouth disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015;9:e0003692. 13. Fauquet CM, Mayo MA, Maniloff J, et al: In virus taxonomy eighth report of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. Elsevier Academic Press; 2005:757-78. 14. Schmidt NJ, Lennette EH, Ho HH: An apparently new enterovirus isolated from patients with disease of the central nervous system. J Infect Dis 1974;129:304-9. 15. Melnick JL: The discovery of the enteroviruses and the classification of poliovirus among them. Biologicals 1993;21:305-9. 16. Chumakov M, Voroshilova M, Shindarov L, et al: Enterovirus 71 isolated from cases of epidemic poliomyelitis-like disease in Bulgaria. Arch Virol 1979;60:329-40. 17. Zheng ZM, Zhang JH, Zhu WP, et al: Isolation of enterovirus type 71 from the vesicle fluid of an adult patient with hand-foot-mouth disease in China. Virol Sin 1989;4:375-82. 18. H a s h i m o t o I, H a g i w a r a A, K o d a m a H : 105 8

180 Neurovirulence in cynomolgus monkeys of enterovirus 71 isolated from a patient with hand, foot and mouth disease. Arch Virol 1978;56:257-61. 19. Nagata N, Iwasaki T, Ami Y, et al: Differential localization of neurons susceptible to enterovirus 71 and poliovirus type 1 in the central nervous system of cynomolgus monkeys after intravenous inoculation. J Gen Virol 2004;85:2981-9. 20. Chang LY, Lin TY, Hsu KH, et al: Clinical features and risk factors of pulmonary oedema after enterovirus-71-related hand, foot, and mouth disease. Lancet 1999;354:1682-6. 21. Ho M: Enterovirus 71: the virus, its infections and outbreaks. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2000;33:205-16. 22. Arita M, Shimizu H, Nagata N, et al: Temperaturesensitive mutants of enterovirus 71 show attenuation in cynomolgus monkeys. J Gen Virol 2005;86:1391-401. 23. Arita M, Nagata N, Iwata N, et al: An attenuated strain of enterovirus 71 belonging to genotype a showed a broad spectrum of antigenicity with attenuated neurovirulence in cynomolgus monkeys. J Virol 2007;81:9386-95. 24. Zhang Y, Cui W, Liu L, et al: Pathogenesis study of enterovirus 71 infection in rhesus monkeys. Lab Invest 2011;91:1337-50. 25. Chen H, Zhang Y, Yang E, et al: The effect of enterovirus 71 immunization on neuropathogenesis and protein expression profiles in the thalamus of infected rhesus neonates.virology 2012;432:417-26. 26. Chen YC, Yu CK, Wang YF, et al: A murine oral enterovirus 71 infection model with central nervous system involvement. J Gen Virol 2004;85:69-77. 27. Hashimoto I, Hagiwara A: Pathogenicity of a poliomyelitis-like disease in monkeys infected orally with enterovirus 71: a model for human infection. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1982;8:149-56. 28. Yu CK, Chen CC, Chen CL, et al: Neutralizing antibody provided protection against enterovirus type 71 lethal challenge in neonatal mice. J Biomed Sci 2000;7:523-8. 29. Khong WX, Yan B, Yeo H, et al: A non-mouseadapted enterovirus 71 (EV71) strain exhibits neurotropism, causing neurological manifestations in a novel mouse model of EV71 infection. J Virol 2012;86:2121-31. 30. Arita M, Ami Y, Wakita T, et al: Cooperative effect of the attenuation determinants derived from poliovirus sabin 1 strain is essential for attenuation of enterovirus 71 in the NOD/SCID mouse infection model. J Virol 2008;82:1787-97. 31. 2015;25.