SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science

SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8868

Daniel Żarski Ákos Horváth Gergely Bernáth Sławomir Krejszeff János Radóczi Katarzyna Palińska-Żarska Zoltán Bokor Krzysztof Kupren Béla Urbányi Controlled Reproduction of Wild Eurasian Perch A hatchery manual

Daniel Żarski Department of Lake and River Fisheries University of Warmia and Mazury Olsztyn, Poland Gergely Bernáth Department of Aquaculture Szent István University Gödöllő, Hungary János Radóczi Szabolcsi Halászati Kft. Nyíregyháza, Hungary Zoltán Bokor Department of Aquaculture Szent István University Gödöllő, Hungary Béla Urbányi Department of Aquaculture Szent István University Gödöllő, Hungary Ákos Horváth Department of Aquaculture Szent István University Gödöllő, Hungary Sławomir Krejszeff Department of Lake and River Fisheries University of Warmia and Mazury Olsztyn, Poland Katarzyna Palińska-Żarska Department of Lake and River Fisheries University of Warmia and Mazury Olsztyn, Poland Krzysztof Kupren Department of Tourism, Recreation and Ecology University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Olsztyn, Poland ISSN 2191-5547 ISSN 2191-5555 (electronic) SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science ISBN 978-3-319-49375-6 ISBN 978-3-319-49376-3 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-49376-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2016961293 The Authors 2017 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Acknowledgements The authors would sincerely like to thank Prof. Patrick Kestemont (University of Namur, Belgium) and Prof. Pascal Fontaine (University of Lorraine, France) for their careful review and suggestions which had considerably contributed to the final content and shape of the book. Funding Information The preparation of this book was funded by the project, Development of an induced spawning technology and hatchery manual for the Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) (E!8028 PERCAHATCH), and financed under the EUREKA funding programme. The project was implemented by Szabolcsi Halászati Kft. (Ltd.) (Nyíregyháza, Hungary) in collaboration with Szent István University (Gödöllő, Hungary) (funded by the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary within the project No. EUREKA_HU_12-1-2012-0056) and the University of Warmia and Mazury (Olsztyn, Poland). Further financial support to the authors was provided by the COST Action 1205 AQUAGAMETE and Research Centre of Excellence 11476-3/2016/FEKUT. v

vi Acknowledgements

Contents 1 Introduction... 1 References... 5 2 Harvest, Transport of Spawners, Prophylaxis... 9 Harvesting of Spawners... 9 Transporting of Spawners... 10 Prophylaxis... 11 References... 12 3 Hatchery Manipulation and Broodstock Selection... 13 Theoretical Background... 13 Conditions for Keeping the Spawners... 13 Water Quality Parameters... 14 Sex Recognition... 14 Hatchery Manipulations... 15 Basic Information on Anesthesia... 16 Practical Tips... 17 Anesthesia... 17 Sex Recognition... 19 References... 20 4 Determination of Maturity Stages of Oocytes... 23 Theoretical Background... 23 Maturation Stages of Oocytes... 24 Specific Cases of the FOM Disruption... 27 Anomalies Before the GVBD... 28 Anomalies After the GVBD... 29 Practical Evaluation of the Maturity Stage of the Females... 29 References... 32 5 Stimulation of Ovulation and Spermiation... 33 Rationale of the Application of Hormonal Stimulation... 33 Photo-Thermal Manipulations... 34 Theoretical Background of Hormonal Stimulation... 34 Regulations on the Usage of Spawning Agents in Europe... 35 vii

viii Contents Where to Inject the Fish?... 35 Hormonal Stimulation of Females... 36 Preparation of the Hormonal Agent hcg... 36 Preparation of the Hormonal Agent GnRH... 37 Hormonal Stimulation of Males... 37 Practical Tips... 38 References... 39 6 Collection of Gametes... 41 Characteristics of Gametes... 41 Determination of the Moment of Ovulation... 42 Prevention of Spontaneous Ovulation... 44 Recognition of the Moment of Ovulation... 46 Collection of Eggs... 47 Collection of Sperm... 48 References... 50 7 Short- and Long-Term Storage of Gametes... 53 Rationale of Gamete Storage... 53 Short-Term Storage... 53 Sperm Cryopreservation... 54 Short Term Storage of Eggs of Eurasian Perch... 55 Short-Term Storage of Sperm... 55 Cryopreservation and Thawing... 57 References... 59 8 Evaluation of Gamete Quality... 61 How to Define Gamete Quality?... 61 Methods of Evaluation of Gamete Quality... 62 Hatchery-Related Factors Affecting Gamete Quality... 62 Evaluation of the Egg Quality... 63 Morphological Evaluation Off Egg Quality... 64 Fragmentation of Oil Droplets... 64 Morphological Alterations of Various Types... 65 First Cleavages and Blastomere Morphology... 65 Practical Tips on Evaluation of Egg Quality... 66 Embryonic Survival Rate... 68 Evaluation of the Sperm Quality by the Motility Assessment... 68 References... 71 9 In Vitro Fertilization... 73 Theoretical Background... 73 Technique of In Vitro Fertilization... 73 Activation of the Gametes... 74 Activating Solutions... 75 Sperm-to-Egg Ratio... 76 Practical Aspects of In Vitro Fertilization... 77 References... 78

Contents ix 10 Incubation and Hatching... 81 Theoretical Background... 81 Embryonic Development... 82 Verification of the Effectiveness of Fertilization... 82 Incubation Devices... 84 Incubation Conditions... 85 Hatching... 87 Initial Larvae Rearing (General Advices)... 88 References... 88 11 Advanced Spawning (Out-of the Season Spawning)... 91 Theoretical Background... 91 State-of-the-Art of Advanced Spawning in the Eurasian Perch... 92 Practical Recommendations... 94 Broodstock Management... 94 Photo-Thermal Manipulation... 95 Stimulation of Ovulation and Spermiation... 95 References... 96 Appendices... 99 Appendix 1... 99 Appendix 2... 101