Human Body Digestive System and Nutrition 1
Digestive System To stay alive, we need fuel. We get this fuel from the things we eat. Digestion is the process that changes the food you eat into fuel for your bodies. Your digestive system consists of a long, muscular tube called the digestive tract that runs from your mouth to your anus. There are five main parts to your digestive system: 1. mouth 2. oesophagus 3. stomach 4. large intestines 5. small intestines 2
Digestive System To stay alive, we need fuel. We get this fuel from the things we eat. Digestion is the process that changes the food you eat into fuel for your bodies. Your digestive system consists of a long, muscular tube called the digestive tract that runs from your mouth to your anus. There are five main parts to your digestive system: 1. mouth 2. esophagus 3. stomach 4. large intestines 5. small intestines 3
Digestive System Digestion starts at the mouth. To help your digestive system function better, you need to chew your food many times. Your teeth bite, grind and chew your food, then the muscles in your mouth and tongue mix this food with saliva, a watery liquid. Saliva is needed to start the process of breaking down the food you eat into simple sugars. After you swallow this food, it is pushed through the esophagus by involuntary muscles and makes it way to the stomach. Saliva also helps your food here to slide down easier. Your stomach is very strong. It has a muscular lining that breaks the food down into a liquid. It also adds chemicals that are very acidic to the food which help it break down faster. Your food can stay in your stomach for 3-6 hours before it has been turned into a thick liquid and is ready to leave. 4
Digestive System From your stomach the food moves into the small intestine. Your small intestine has a small diameter but is very long. To fit into your body, the small intestine is coiled very tightly. Enzymes that come from the liver and the pancreas are then added to help digest the food further. The nutrients are absorbed by the walls of the small intestine into your bloodstream and then moved all over your body. What is left is then moved to your large intestine. This left over stuff is almost all waste. The large intestine takes out all the important minerals and liquid which is absorbed back into your body through the walls. The rest of the waste is then ready to leave your body. 5
Digestive System What is digestion?. What is the path that your food follows through your body, starting at the mouth? Where does it go next? 6
Nutrition To keep your body healthy so it can grow, repair and maintain itself, it needs lots of nutrients. Nutrients like carbohydrates which supply energy, and proteins, which are used to build and repair cells all come from the food you eat. You should eat lots of fresh fruit and vegetables and only small amounts of meat and fats. Water is also a very important part of your diet, so you need to make sure you drink plenty of water each day. Food is separated into 5 food groups: Fruit Vegetables, Legumes and Beans Dairy Grains Lean meats, poultry, fish, eggs, nuts, tofu and seeds 7
Nutrition Fill in the table with some examples of food in each of the food groups. Fruit Vegetables Grains Dairy Lean meat 8
Nutrition Sailors and pirates used to suffer from scurvy on long sea voyages. Research scurvy and write a short report on what it is and how it can be treated. 9
Nutrition Vitamins and minerals are only needed in small amounts, but they are essential for good health. What are these vitamins and minerals used for and what food do you need to eat to get them. Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin C Vitamin D Calcium Iron Protein 10
Nutrition Physical activity each day is also great for your body. If you happen to eat more calories that your body needs, you may gain weight. Playing sport is a great way to get exercise. List some sports here: There are other ways of getting exercise, like taking the stairs instead of the lift. Can you think of any other ways to get exercise? 11
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