EFFECT OF CARBOHYDRASE USE AND SOAKING OF CEREALS ON THE GROWTH OF LIQUID-FED FINISHER PIGS A. Torres-Pitarch, E.G. Manzanilla, G.E. Gardiner, R. Lizardo, D. Torrallardona, J.V. O'Doherty, P.G. Lawlor 67 th Annual Meeting of the European Federation of Animal Science Belfast UK, 29 th Aug 2 nd Sept 216
Introduction LIQUID FEEDING: Processing effect on feed? Activation of endogenous/exogenous enzymes Pre-degradation of NSP present in the diet Proliferation of good/bad bacteria Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 2
Introduction Hypothesis: Liquid feeding and soaking will nutrient digestibility compared to dry diets Pig growth and feed efficiency (FE) will be improved by enzymes supplementation Objective: To assess the efficacy of liquid feeding, pre-soaking (full diets /cereal fraction) and enzymes supplementation on pig FE and nutrient digestibility Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 3
Material and Methods Experiment 1 (IRTA, Spain): 5 Experimental diets DRY vs. FRESH LIQUID vs. SOAKED LIQUID (Full diet, 8h) ENZYME vs. NON-ENZYME supplementation Enzymes: Xylanase + ² -glucanase (Safizym XP2, Safizym GP4; Lesaffre) Experiment 2 (Teagasc, Ireland): 4 Experimental diets FRESH LIQUID vs. SOAKED LIQUID (Only cereals, 3h) ENZYME vs. NON-ENZYME supplementation Enzymes: Xylanase + ² -glucanase (Excel AP, Adisseo) Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 4
EXPERIMENT 1 Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 5
EXP. 1: Material and Methods Enzymes: Xylanase + ² -glucanase 5 experimental diets: 18 B@(LWxLD)xPi Exp. unit: pen of 4 pigs n= 9 2 ~ 15 kg LW T1: Basal diet fed in DRY form T2: Basal diet fed in DRY form + ENZYMES T3: Basal diet fed in FRESH LIQUID form T4: Basal diet fed in FRESH LIQUID form + ENZYMES T5: Basal diet fed in SOAKED LIQUID form (8h soaking) + ENZYMES Diet composition: Wheat / Barley based diet 1.5 MJ NE/kg 8.8 g SID Lys/kg (growing phase) 7.7 g SID Lys/kg (finishing phase) Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 6
EXP. 1 : Results Growth Diet effect on growth performance: overall period 85 8 75 7 65 ( / ) 2 a a,b a, b, c 19 b,c c 18 17 16 15 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 6 14 ADG (g/day) ADFI (g/day) FCR (g/g) 2. Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 7
EXP. 1 : Results Growth Feed form effect on growth performance - overall period 84 82 8 2 195 19 a,b a 2,5 78 185 b 2, 76 18 74 175 72 ADG (g/day) 17 ADFI (g/day) 1,5 FCR (g/g) Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 8
EXP. 1 : Results - Digestibility Diet effect on digestibility ATTD (%) 85 LIQ+ENZ a,b a a,b a a,b a,b a,b a b LIQ+ENZ+SOAK 8 75 7 65 6 55 b a,b a b,c c a a a b b b 5 DM CP ENERGY PHOS Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 9
EXP. 1 : Results - Digestibility 66 64 a Digestibility (%) 62 6 58 56 54 52 5 c b Phosphorous Phosphorous (%) Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 1
EXP. 1: Results Carcass quality 115 Slaughter BW 9 Hot carcass 8 Carcass yield 11 85 BW (kg) 15 1 95 9 Carcass weight (kg) 8 75 7 Carcass yield (%) 75 7 65 85 65 8 6 6 16 Fat Thickness 65 Loin Depth 66 Carcass Lean Fat thickness (mm) 14 12 1 ADG (g/d) 6 55 5 45 Carcass lean (%) 64 62 6 58 56 54 52 8 4 5 Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 11
EXP. 1: Conclusions Soaking + Enzyme supplementation may improve ADG by increasing feed intake compared to dry diets Liquid feeding improved phosphorous digestibility Similar FE for dry, liquid and soaked diets Similar carcass yield and meat quality for all diets Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 12
EXPERIMENT 2 Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 13
EXP. 2: Material and Methods Enzymes: Xylanase + ² -glucanase 4 experimental diets: 392 B@(MaxGro) Exp. Unit: pen of 7 pigs n= 14 3 ~ 15 kg LW T1: Basal diet fed in FRESH LIQUID form T2: Basal diet fed in FRESH LIQUID form + ENZYMES T3: Basal diet fed in SOAKED LIQUID form (Only cereals soaked for 3h) T4: Basal diet fed in SOAKED LIQUID form + ENZYMES (Only cereals for 3h) Diet composition: Wheat/barley/pollard based diet 9.4 MJ NE/kg 9.15 g SID Lys/kg Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 14
EXP. 2: Results Soaking effect Soaking effect on growth performance - overall period (33 99 kg LW) P=.8 12 1 8 6 4 2 938 958 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 25 2517 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1,5 2,71 2,67 ADG, g/day ADFI, g/day FCR, g/g Fresh liquid diet Cereal soaked 3h Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 15
Soaking effect on growth performance 12 1 8 6 4 2 P=.2 863 899 ADG, g/day 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 Growing phase (33 51 kg live weight) 12 1 8 6 4 2 113 117 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 Fresh liquid diet Cereal soaked 3h 1997 225 ADFI, g/day 34 38 ADG, g/day ADFI, g/day Finishing phase (51 99 kg live weight) 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1,5 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1,5 2,39 2,35 FCR, g/g 3,2 3, FCR, g/g Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 16
EXP. 2: Results Enzyme effect Enzyme effect on growth performance: overall period (33 99 kg LW) 12 1 8 6 4 2 947 947 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 252 2515 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1,5 2,68 2,69 ADG, g/day ADFI, g/day FCR, g/g CONTROL CARBOHYDRASE + Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 17
EXP. 2: Results Enzyme effect Enzyme effect on carcass quality P=.2 P=.4 6 5 4 3 2 1 5,5 5 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 12,4 12,9 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 57,2 56,8 Muscle depth, mm Fat depth, mm Lean meat, % CONTROL CARBOHYDRASE + Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 18
EXP. 2: Results Enzyme effect Enzyme effect on carcass quality P=.2 P=.4 6 5 4 3 2 1 5,5 5 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 12,4 12,9 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 57,2 56,8 Muscle depth, mm Fat depth, mm Lean meat, % Increased energy availability but insufficient AA for lean growth? CONTROL CARBOHYDRASE + Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 19
EXP. 2: Conclusions Soaking the cereals for 3h prior to feeding improved ADG Enzyme supplementation did not affect ADG, ADFI and FCR Enzyme supplementation reduced lean meat yield Increased energy availability? Insufficient AA for lean growth? Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 2
FINAL REMARKS Conclusions: Benefits of soaking liquid diets: ADG by ADFI Nutrient digestibility, especially phosphorous Limited benefits of Xylanase and β-glucanase in liquid diets Future work: Best soaking time? Pre-fermentation of the cereal fraction? Phytase supplementation to liquid diets? Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 21
Acknowledgements ECO-FCE project (7 th FP-EU) & partners Teagasc Walsh fellowship programme Co-workers from the Teagasc pig department & IRTA & WIT Thank you Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 22
EXP. 1Basal Diet composition (I) Ingredients (%) Grower Finisher Wheat 35. 35. Barley 37.85 36.8 Soybean meal, 44% CP 15.81 12.34 Rapeseed meal 4.81 9.3 Lard 3.77 4.19 Dicalcium phosphate 1.16.95 Calcium carbonate.4.44 Salt.36.35 L-Lysine-HCl.29.18 DL-Methionine.6.1 L-Threonine.7.1 L-Tryptophan.2 - Ethoxiquin 66%.2.2 Minerals & vitamins*.4.4 February 1, 216 : WP-2 Meeting, Poznan 23
EXP. 1Basal Diet composition (II) Nutrients Grower Finisher Crude Protein (%) 16.4 16.1 Crude Fibre (%) 3.9 4.1 Fat (%) 5.5 6. Ash (%) 4.9 4.8 Energy (MJ NE/kg) 1.5 1.5 Calcium (g/kg) 6.7 6.6 Total phosphorous (g/kg) 5.4 5.3 Digestible P (g/kg) 2.8 2.6 SID-Lysine (g/kg) 8.8 7.7 SID-Threonine (g/kg) 5.5 4.9 SID-Methionine (g/kg) 2.8 2.5 SID-Methionine+Cystine (g/kg) 5.6 5.3 SID-Tryptophan (g/kg) 1.8 1.7 February 1, 216 : WP-2 Meeting, Poznan 24
EXP. 1 Ion Torrent OTUs profiles, at genera level, grouped by feeding regimen February 1, 216 : WP-2 Meeting, Poznan 25
EXP. 2 DIET COMPOSITION Nutrient Content DM, g/kg 868.38 Protein, g/kg 159.67 Ash, g/kg 47.73 Fat, g/kg 2.48 Fibre, g/kg 42.58 NDF, g/kg 167.26 ADF, g/kg 53.92 DE Pig, MJ/kg 13. NEpigs, MJ/kg 9.39 Lysine, g/kg 1.61 SID LYSpig, g/kg 9.15 SID M+C as % LYS 5.26 SID THR as % LYS 5.55 SID TRP as % LYS 1.6 SID LYS/MJDE.7 Ca, g/kg 6.48 Phosphorus, g/kg 5.22 Digestible P, g/kg 2.4 Na, g/kg 1.35 Ingredient, kg/tone Basal diet Control Basal diet enzymes Barley 377.3 377.2 Wheat 35. 35. Soya Hi-Pro 135. 135. Wheat pollard Irish 11. 11. Limestone flour 12.5 12.5 Lysine HCl (78.8) 4.37 4.37 Mono DiCal Phos 3.68 3.68 Salt feed grade 3. 3. L-Threonine (98) 1.9 1.9 Fat, soya oil 1. 1. Vit-Min Mpk Finisher 1. 1. DL-Methionine.8.8 Celite.3.3 Rovavio excel AP..1 Total 1. 1. Belfast, 67th EAAP Meeting 26