Available online at www.jpsscientificpublications.com Volume 3; Issue - 6; Year 2017; Page: 1307 1313 DOI: 10.22192/iajmr.2017.3.6.4 Indo Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IAJMR) ISSN: 2454-1370 EFFECT OF FOLIAR APPLICATION OF DAP AND MICRONUTRIENTS ON UPTAKE OF NUTRIENTS BY RICE FALLOW BLACKGRAM (Vigna mungo L.) K. Suhathiya* and M. Ravichandran Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608002, Tamil Nadu, India. Abstract A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of foliar application of DAP and micronutrients on nutrient uptake by Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.). The experiment was laid out in Annamalai University experimental farm in clay loam soil during 2010 with Blackgram variety ADT 3 as test crop. T 1 - Control, T 2 - DAP 2 %, T 3 - DAP 2 % + 1 % KCl,T 4 - DAP 2 % + 1 % KCl + 0.50 % ZnSO 4, T 5 - DAP 2 % + 1 % KCl + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.50 % FeSO 4, T 6 - DAP 2 % + 1 % KCl + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.10 % boric acid, T 7 - DAP 2 % + 1 % KCl + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.05 % FeSO 4, T 8 - DAP 2 % + 1 % KCl + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.05 % Sodium molybdate, T 9 - DAP 2 % + 1 % KCl + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.05 % Sodium molybdate + 0.05 % Cobalt chloride, T 10 - DAP 2 % + 1 % KCl + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.10 % Boric acid + 0.05 % Sodium molybdate, T 11 - DAP 2 % + 1 % KCl + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.10 % Boric acid + 0.05 % Sodium molybdate + 0.05 % Cobalt chloride, T 12 - DAP 2 % + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.50 % FeSO 4 +. Seed and haulm was analyzed for N, P, K, Zn, Fe, B content and their uptake was computed. The results of the study indicated that Foliar application of DAP 2 % + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.50 % FeSO 4 + + 0.05 % Cobalt chloride significantly increased nutrient uptake of Blackgram was recorded the highest uptake of yield and haulm followed by T 12 - DAP 2 % + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.50 % FeSO 4 + 0.10 % B + 0.05% NaMoO 4, T 11 - DAP 2 % + 1 % KCl + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.10 % B + 0.05 % NaMoO 4 + 0.05 % CoCl 2. Key words: Foliar spray, Black gram, DAP, Micronutrients and Nutrient uptake. 1. Introduction Pulses occupy a unique position in Indian agriculture. In virtue of the fact that they provide the rich source of vegetable protein and calories to the average Indian diet. Besides being a rich source of protein, they maintain soil fertility through biological nitrogen fixation in soil and thus play vital role in furthering sustainable. Balusamy and Meyyazhagan (2000). Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) is a widely grown as grain legume and belongs to the family Fabaceae and *Corresponding author: K. Suhathiya Received: 05.10.2017; Revised: 02.11.2017; Accepted: 01.12.2017. E.mail: suhajayasoil@gmail.com. and assumes considerable importance from the point at food and nutritional security. It is a short duration crop suitable for multiple cropping systems and intercropping. These are drought resistant and prevent soil erosion due to their deep root system and good ground coverage, because of these good characters pulses are called as Marvel of nature. India accounts for 33 % of world production of pulses. Due to stagnant production, the net availability of pulses has come down from 60 gm in 1951 to 41.7 g/day/capita in 2016, as against Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) which recommends 65 g/day /capita. Among the grain legumes, Blackgram is an ancient and well known leguminous crop of Asia. Its nutritional quality having rich protein (26.2 %),
Suhathiya/Indo Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IAJMR), 3(6): 1307 1313 1308 Carbohydrates (56.6 %), Fat (1.2 %), Minerals, Amino acids, Phosphoric acid and Vitamins. The total area under pulses in India is around 25.23 million hectares with a production of 19.27 million tonnes and productivity of 764 kg ha -1 (Instat, 2014). In Tamil Nadu, Blackgram is cultivated in 3.65 lakh hectares with the production of 3.10 lakh tonnes and an average productivity of 851 kg ha -1 (Tnstat, 2014). Hence, the present experiment was carried to find out the effect of foliar application of DAP and Micronutrients on uptake of nutrients by Blackgram. 2. Materials and Methods Field experiment was carried out to study the effect of foliar application of DAP and micronutrient on uptake of nutrient by Blackgram during (January - April 2010) at Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar. The soil was clay loam in texture with KMnO 4 - N (188 kg ha -1 ), Olsen - P (17.7 kg ha -1 ) and NH 4 OAC - K (376 kg ha -1 ). The experiment consist of 13 treatments were layout in RBD with three replications. The treatments are T 1 - Control,T 2 - DAP 2 %,T 3 - DAP 2 % + 1 % KCl, T 4 - DAP 2 % + 1 % KCl + 0.50 % ZnSO 4, T 5 - DAP 2 % + 1 % KCl + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.50% FeSO 4, T 6 - DAP 2 % + 1 % KCl + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.10 % Boric acid, T 7 - DAP 2 % + 1 % KCl + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.05 % FeSO 4, T 8 - DAP 2 % + 1 % KCl + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.05 % Sodium molybdate, T 9 - DAP 2 % + 1 % KCl + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.05 % Sodium molybdate + 0.05 % Cobalt chloride, T 10 - DAP 2 % + 1 % KCl + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.10 % Boric acid + 0.05 % Sodium molybdate, T 11 - DAP 2 % + 1 % KCl + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.10 % Boric acid + 0.05 % Sodium molybdate + 0.05 % Cobalt chloride, T 12 - DAP 2 % + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.50 % FeSO 4 +, T 13 - DAP 2 % + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.50 % FeSO 4 + 0.10 % Boric acid + 0.05 % Sodium molybdate + 0.05 % Cobalt chloride were sprayed on 30 and 45 DAS. The blackgram variety ADT3 was chosen for the study. Sowing was done at one day after harvest of rice crop. As per the standard procedure the grain and haulm were analyzed for nutrient content (N, P, K, Zn, B and Fe) and their uptakes were computed and the results are given below. 3. Results and Discussion Nutrient uptake Macronutrients Nitrogen The results of the study indicated that the foliar application of DAP and micronutrients are significantly increased the macro and micronutrients uptake of blackgram (Table - 1). Among the treatments, application of DAP 2 % + 0.05 % ZnSO 4 + 0.50 % FeSO 4 + 0.10 % Boric acid + 0.05 % Sodium molybdate + 0.05 % Cobalt chloride (T 13 ) significantly increasing the nitrogen uptake in grain (32.17 kg ha -1 ) and (26.13 kg ha -1 ) in haulm of Blackgram. It represents 163.90 % increased in grain and 177.38 % increased in haulm over control. This was followed by the T 12 - DAP 2 % + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.50 % FeSO 4 + 0.10 % Boric acid + 0.05 % Sodium molybdate which recorded the nitrogen uptake in grain (30.90 kg ha -1 ) and (25.03 kg ha -1 ) in haulm. The treatments from T 2 to T 11 were also found efficient increasing the DMP of Blackgram as compared to untreated treatment control T 1. The increasing N uptake might be due to increased availability of nitrogen to the crop and higher biomass production and retarded the loss of chlorophyll and leaf nitrogen with increased photosynthesis and increase N supply during flowering and pod filling stages, Result confirmed by the findings of Manjula Devi and Pillai (1997) and Mondal et al. (2011). Phosphorus Among various treatments, application of DAP 2 % + 0.05 % ZnSO 4 + 0.50 % FeSO 4 + increasing the Phosphorus uptake in grain (5.89 kg ha -1 ) and (4.62 kg ha -1 ) in haulm of Blackgram. It represents 123.10 % increased in grain and 103.52 followed by the T 12 - DAP 2 % + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.50 % FeSO 4 + 0.10 % Boric acid + 0.05 % Sodium molybdate which recorded the nitrogen uptake in grain (5.69 kg ha -1 ) and (4.49 kg ha -1 ) in haulm. The treatments from T 2 to T 11 were also found efficient increasing the DMP of blackgram as compared to untreated treatment control T 1. This increase in uptake of phosphorous has been attributed to the foliar spray of micro and macro nutrients and growth hormone increase the uptake
Suhathiya/Indo Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IAJMR), 3(6): 1307 1313 1309 of nutrients from soil and also increases metabolic activity in the plant cell. The results was in harmony with Thakare et al. (2006), Elayaraja and Angayarkanni (2005) and Deotale et al (2011). Potassium Among various treatments, application of DAP 2 % + 0.05 % ZnSO 4 + 0.50 % FeSO 4 + increasing the potassium uptake in grain (13.78 kg ha -1 ) and (21.44 kg ha -1 ) in haulm of Blackgram. It represent 152.38 % increased in grain and 162.74 % increased in haulm over control.this was followed by the T 12 - DAP 2 % + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.50 % FeSO 4 + 0.10 % Boric acid + 0.05 % Sodium molybdate which recorded the potassium uptake in grain (13.29 kg ha -1 ) and (20.54 kg ha -1 ) in haulm. The treatments from T 2 to T 11 were also found efficient increasing the DMP of black gram as compared to untreated treatment control T 1. This increase in uptake of potassium has been attributed to the foliar spray of micro and macro nutrients and growth hormone increase the uptake of nutrients from soil and also increases metabolic activity in the plant cell. Similar results were also reported by Elayaraja and Angayarkanni (2005); Thakare et al. (2006) and Deotale et al. (2011). Micronutrients Zinc Among various treatments, application of DAP 2 % + 0.05 % ZnSO 4 + 0.50 % FeSO 4 + increasing the Zinc uptake in grain (30.44 g ha -1 ) and (43.19 g ha -1 ) in haulm of Blackgram. It represents 99.08 % increased in grain and 161.12 followed by the T 12 - DAP 2 % + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.50 % FeSO 4 + 0.10 % Boric acid + 0.05 % Sodium molybdate which recorded the zinc uptake in grain (29.48 g ha -1 ) and (41.46 g ha -1 ) in haulm. The treatments from T 2 to T 11 were also found efficient increasing the DMP of Blackgram as compared to untreated treatment control T 1. The uptake of zinc increased due to the nutrient concentration in the plant part was determined by the interaction of nutrient supply and absorption by roots or through foliage into the plant system and essential nutrients in balanced way at the critical time of requirement of crop growth. Similar results were also reported by Elangovan (2005); Padmapriya (2008) and Arulthasan (2006). Iron Among various treatments, application of DAP 2 % + 0.05% ZnSO 4 + 0.50 % FeSO 4 + 0.10 % Boric acid + 0.05% Sodium molybdate increasing the Iron uptake in grain (108.32 g ha - 1 ) and (124.31g ha -1 ) in haulm of Blackgram. It represents 31.85 % increased in grain and 24.02 followed by the T 12 - DAP 2 % + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.50 % FeSO 4 + 0.10 % Boric acid + 0.05 % Sodium molybdate which recorded the Iron uptake in grain (106.42 g ha -1 ) and (122.51g ha - 1 ) in haulm. The treatments from T 2 to T 11 were also found efficient increasing the DMP of Blackgram as compared to untreated treatment control T 1. The uptake of iron increased due to the nutrient concentration in the plant part was determined by the interaction of nutrient supply and absorption by roots or through foliage into the plant system and essential nutrients in balanced way at the critical time of requirement of crop growth. Similar results were also reported by Elangovan (2005). Boron There was significant improvement in the boron uptake due to the foliar application of nutrients. Among various treatments, application of DAP 2 % + 0.05 % ZnSO 4 + 0.50 % FeSO 4 + increasing the Boron uptake in grain (28.20 g ha - 1 ) and (34.30 g ha -1 ) in haulm of Blackgram. It represent127.41 % increased in grain and 110.68 followed by the T 12 - DAP 2 % + 0.50 % ZnSO 4 + 0.50 % FeSO 4 + 0.10 % Boric acid + 0.05 % Sodium molybdate which recorded the Boron uptake in grain (27.48 g ha -1 ) and (33.05 g ha -1 ) in haulm. The treatments from T 2 to T 11 were also found efficient increasing the Boron uptake of Blackgram as compared to untreated treatment control T 1. The uptake of Boron increased due to the nutrient concentration in the plant part was determined by the interaction of
Suhathiya/Indo Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IAJMR), 3(6): 1307 1313 1310 nutrient supply and absorption by roots or through foliage into the plant system and essential nutrients in balanced way at the critical time of requirement of crop growth. Similar results were also reported by Elangovan (2005); Padmapriya (2008) and Arulthasan (2006). Table 1: Effect of foliar application of DAP and Micronutrients and uptake of nutrients by blackgram Nitrogen Phosphorus Potassium Treatments kg ha -1 kg ha -1 kg ha -1 Grain Haulm Grain Haulm Grain Haulm kg ha -1 kg ha -1 kg ha -1 kg ha -1 kg ha -1 kg ha -1 T 1 9.42 9.42 2.27 2.27 8.16 8.16 T 2 13.66 13.66 3.02 3.02 11.42 11.42 T 3 15.00 15.00 3.18 3.18 12.66 12.66 T 4 16.11 16.11 3.34 3.34 13.54 13.54 T 5 17.22 17.22 3.50 3.50 14.42 14.42 T 6 8.31 18.31 3.64 3.64 15.29 15.29 T 7 19.41 19.41 3.81 3.81 16.15 16.15 T 8 20.50 20.50 3.96 3.96 17.02 17.02 T 9 22.78 22.78 4.22 4.22 18.80 18.80 T 10 21.64 21.64 4.10 4.10 17.91 17.91 T 11 23.89 23.89 4.35 4.35 19.67 19.67 T 12 25.03 25.03 4.49 4.49 20.54 20.54 T 13 26.13 26.13 4.62 4.62 21.44 21.44 SEd 0.5 0.5 0.051 0.051 0.386 0.386 CD 1.06 1.06 0.11 0.11 0.82 0.82 Figure 1: Effect of foliar application of DAP and Micronutrients on uptake of Zinc by Blackgram
Suhathiya/Indo Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IAJMR), 3(6): 1307 1313 1311 Figure 2: Effect of foliar application of DAP and Micronutrients on uptake of Iron by Blackgram Figure - 3: Effect of foliar application of DAP and Micronutrients on uptake of Boron by Blackgram 4. Conclusion It was concluded from the results obtained in the present investigation that the foliar nutrition of DAP with micronutrients increasing the growth and nutrient uptake of blackgram. 5. Reference 1) Adesoji, A. G., I. U. Abubakar and D. B. Ishaya. 2009. Performance of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrilll) as influenced by method and rate of molybdenum application inb samara, Northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. American Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 3: 845-849. 2) Arulthasan, T. 2006. Response of rice fallow blackgram to Zinc and Boron nutrition, M. Sc (Ag.) Thesis, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India. 3) Balusamy, M and N. Meyyazhagan. 2000. Foliar nutrition to pulse crop. Training manual on recent advances in
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Suhathiya/Indo Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IAJMR), 3(6): 1307 1313 1313 Quick Response Code Access this Article in Online Website DOI Number www.jpsscientificpublications.com DOI: 10.22192/iajmr.2017.3.6.4 How to Cite this Article: K. Suhathiya and M. Ravichandran. 2017. Effect of foliar application of DAP and Micronutrients on uptake of nutrients by Rice fallow Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.). Indo - Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(6): 1307 1313. DOI: 10.22192/iajmr.2017.3.6.4