FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ALLIANCE BUILDING SUPPORT FOR TOBACCO CONTROL Smoke-free Environments International Status Report As December, 00
Smoke-free environments are a vital part combating the global tobacco epidemic. Article the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) requires Parties to protect their citizens from exposure to tobacco smoke. As part its ongoing efforts to highlight the critical importance smokefree legislation that is compliant with the FCTC, the Framework Convention Alliance (FCA) has produced this report detailing country level status on smoke-free legislation. Data contained in this report comes from the WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 00. In this second assessment the global tobacco epidemic, WHO collected country level data on the implementation the key measures contained in the WHO MPOWER package monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies, protecting from tobacco smoke, fering help to quit tobacco use, warning about the dangers tobacco, enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship, and raising taxes on tobacco.
Smoke-free environments Comprehensive, well-enforced smoke-free laws effectively protect people from the harms secondhand smoke and help smokers to reduce smoking or quit. In 00, passed comprehensive smoke-free laws bringing the total number with comprehensive smoke-free laws to. However, almost % the world s population is left unprotected from the harms secondhand smoke. Sixtyfive have no national smoke-free policies and almost 0 have policies that cover only a limited number public places. Scientific evidence has unequivocally established that exposure to tobacco smoke causes death, disease and disability. Globally, an estimated one-third adults are regularly exposed to secondhand smoke. Secondhand smoke alone causes approximately 00,000 premature deaths per year worldwide. Of all deaths attributable to secondhand smoke, % occur among children and % occur among women. Article the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) requires Parties to protect their citizens from exposure to tobacco smoke. As November 0, 00, have ratified the FCTC, and the majority these continue to fail to provide adequate protection from the harms secondhand smoke. NUMBER OF COUNTRIES STATUS OF SMOKE-FREE LEGISLATION COVERING VARIOUS TYPES OF PUBLIC PLACES 00 0 0 0 0 0 HEALTHCARE FACILITIES EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES UNIVERSITIES 0 PUBLIC TRANSPORT GOVERNMENT FACILITIES INDOOR OFFICES Complete smoke-free legislation covering only certain public spaces RESTAURANTS 0 PUBS AND BARS The 00 World Health Organization Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic assessed smoke-free policies for public places across the world: healthcare facilities, educational facilities (except universities), universities, government facilities, indoor fices, restaurants, pubs and bars, and public transport. Note: All that responded Yes to having a complete ban were counted separately for each category. SMOKE-FREE ENVIRONMENTS
Countries with Comprehensive Smoke-free Laws Comprehensive smoke-free laws are defined as complete smoking bans in all public places assessed with no exceptions for designated smoking rooms. In addition, where at least the population are covered by complete sub-national smoke-free legislation are considered as having comprehensive smoke-free laws. As December, 00, seventeen had comprehensive smoke-free laws covering all public places assessed. Australia Bhutan Canada Colombia* Djibouti* Guatemala* Guinea Iran Ireland Marshall Islands Mauritius* New Zealand Panama* Turkey* United Kingdom Uruguay Zambia* * Passed or implemented in 00 Complete sub-national legislation covers at least the population Countries with No National Complete Smoking Ban in any Public Place As December, 00, reported having no national smoke-free policy in any the public places assessed. Countries that allow for designated smoking rooms were not considered to have a complete ban. Albania Ethiopia Antigua and Barbuda Gabon Argentina Gambia Bahamas Georgia Barbados Ghana Belize Grenada Bosnia and Herzegovina Guinea-Bissau Botswana Haiti Burundi Hungary Cambodia Italy** Central African Republic Jamaica China Japan Congo Kenya Dem. People s Rep. Korea Kiribati Dominica Kuwait Dominican Republic Liberia Eritrea Malawi ** Italy s national smoke-free law allows for designated smoking rooms in all public places assessed. Mali Micronesia (Fed. States ) Mongolia Mozambique Nauru Nepal Niue Papua New Guinea Poland Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa São Tomé and Príncipe Sierra Leone Solomon Islands Suriname Swaziland Switzerland Syrian Arab Republic The former Yugoslav Republic Macedonia Timor-Leste Togo Tunisia Ukraine United Republic Tanzania United States America Uzbekistan Vanuatu SMOKE-FREE ENVIRONMENTS
Population Impact Currently, only.% the world s population is covered by comprehensive smoke-free laws. Out the top 0 most populated the world, only Turkey and Iran have passed comprehensive smoke-free laws covering all the public places assessed (shown in blue below). Country total # National places bans with COUNTRY population* smoke-free ban China, million 0 India, million United States 0 million 0 Indonesia 0 million Brazil million Pakistan million Bangladesh million Nigeria million Russia 0 million 0 Japan million 0 Country total # National places bans with COUNTRY population* smoke-free ban smoke-free places Mexico million Philippines million Viet nam million Ethiopia million 0 Egypt million Germany million Turkey million Congo (DR) million Iran million Thailand million *Population source: CIA Factbook Regional Leaders A number emerged as smoke-free regional leaders. Countries that have banned smoking in at least the public places assessed are listed. public spaces Canada Colombia Guatemala Panama Uruguay public spaces Bolivia public spaces Guinea Mauritius Zambia public spaces Chad Eastern Mediterranean public spaces DjiboutI Iran (Islamic Rep. ) public spaces West Bank and Gaza Strip public spaces Bahrain Egypt Jordan Libyan Arab Jamahiriya public spaces Ireland Turkey United Kingdom public spaces Belgium Finland Tajikistan SMOKE-FREE ENVIRONMENTS South-East Asia public spaces Bhutan public spaces Sri Lanka Western Pacific public spaces Australia Marshall Islands New Zealand public spaces Brunei Darussalam Viet Nam Smoke-free status by region PROPORTION OF COUNTRIES 0 0 No data Zero pub. spaces completely smoke-free public spaces completely smoke-free public spaces completely smoke-free public spaces completely smoke-free All public spaces completely smoke-free
NATIONAL SMOKING BAN ON HEALTHCARE FACILITIES Healthcare facilities are all publicly and privately managed places where health care is provided in a public setting (i.e. not in the home). Laws that prohibit smoking only in hospitals are not complete bans for health care facilities. As December, 00, completely banned smoking in healthcare facilities. Afghanistan Algeria Andorra Angola Armenia Australia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belarus Belgium Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State ) Brunei Darussalam Burkina Faso Cameroon Canada Chad Chile Colombia Comoros Côte d Ivoire Croatia Cuba Czech Republic Congo (DR) Denmark Djibouti Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Fiji Finland France Guatemala Guinea Guyana Honduras India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Rep. ) Iraq Ireland Israel Jordan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Lao People s Dem. Rep. Lebanon Lesotho Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Luxembourg Madagascar Maldives Malta Marshall Islands Mauritania Mauritius Montenegro Morocco Myanmar Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua Nigeria Oman Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Portugal Rep. Korea Rep. Moldova Romania Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Singapore Slovakia Slovenia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sweden Tajikistan Turkey Uganda United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Uruguay Venezuela (Bolivarian Rep. ) Viet Nam West Bank and Gaza Strip Yemen Zambia STATUS OF SMOKE-FREE HEALTHCARE FACILITIES BY REGION (number 0 0 NATIONAL SMOKING BAN ON EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES Educational facilities (except universities) include all primary and secondary schools both private and public. This also includes the schools facilities, meaning any building used as a part the student s educational program. As December, 00, completely banned smoking in educational facilities (except universities). Afghanistan Algeria Andorra Armenia Australia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Belgium Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State ) Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Cameroon Canada Chad Chile Colombia Comoros Costa Rica Côte d Ivoire Croatia Cuba Czech Republic Congo (DR) Djibouti Ecuador Egypt Equatorial Guinea Estonia Finland France Guatemala Guinea Guyana Honduras Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic ) Iraq Ireland Jordan Kazakhstan Complete sub-national legislation covers at least the population. Kyrgyzstan Lao People s Dem. Republic Latvia Lebanon Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Luxembourg Madagascar Maldives Malta Marshall Islands Mauritius Mexico Montenegro Myanmar Netherlands New Zealand Niger Nigeria Pakistan Panama Paraguay Peru Philippines Portugal Rep. Korea Rep. Moldova Saudi Arabia Serbia Seychelles Singapore Slovakia Slovenia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan Uganda United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Uruguay Venezuela (Bolivarian Rep. ) Viet Nam West Bank and Gaza Strip Yemen Zambia STATUS OF SMOKE-FREE EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES BY REGION (number 0 SMOKE-FREE ENVIRONMENTS
NATIONAL SMOKING BAN IN UNIVERSITIES Universities includes all public and private post-secondary educational institutions, usually intended for adults. As December, 00, completely banned smoking in universities. Afghanistan Armenia Australia Austria Bahrain Belgium Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State ) Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Canada Chad Colombia Cuba Congo (DR) Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Finland Guatemala Guinea Honduras Iceland India Indonesia Iran (Islamic Republic ) Ireland Jordan Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Lao People s Dem. Republic Lebanon Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Madagascar Maldives Marshall Islands Mauritius Montenegro Myanmar Netherlands New Zealand Niger Pakistan Panama Peru Philippines Saudi Arabia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia South Africa Spain Sri Lanka Tajikistan Turkey (number Turkmenistan Uganda United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Uruguay Viet Nam West Bank and Gaza Strip Yemen Zambia STATUS OF SMOKE-FREE UNIVERSITIES BY REGION 0 0 0 0 NATIONAL SMOKING BAN IN GOVERNMENT FACILITIES Government facilities includes all buildings used in carrying out government business, not limited to fice buildings. As December, 00, completely banned smoking in government facilities. Andorra Armenia Australia Bahrain Belgium Benin Bhutan Bolivia (PlurinationaL State ) Burkina Faso Canada Chad Colombia Czech Republic Djibouti Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Finland Germany Guatemala Guinea Honduras India Iran (Islamic Republic ) Iraq Ireland Jordan Kazakhstan Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Maldives Marshall Islands Mauritius Montenegro Namibia New Zealand Nigeria Oman Palau Panama Peru Portugal Saudi Arabia Somalia Spain Sri Lanka Tajikistan Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Turkey Turkmenistan Uganda United Arab Emirates (number United Kingdom Uruguay Viet Nam West Bank and Gaza Strip Yemen Zambia STATUS OF SMOKE-FREE GOVERNMENT FACILITIES BY REGION 0 Complete sub-national legislation covers at least the population. SMOKE-FREE ENVIRONMENTS
NATIONAL SMOKING BAN IN INDOOR OFFICES Indoor fices include all private sector fices. As December, 00, completely banned smoking in indoor fices. Australia Bahrain Belgium Benin Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State ) Brunei Darussalam Burkina Faso Canada Chad Colombia Djibouti Egypt Finland Germany Guatemala Guinea India Iran (Islamic Republic ) Ireland Jordan Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Lithuania Marshall Islands Mauritius New Zealand Nigeria Panama Portugal Somalia Spain Sri Lanka Tajikistan Tonga Turkey Turkmenistan Uganda United Arab Emirates United Kingdom Uruguay Viet Nam West Bank and Gaza Strip Zambia (number STATUS OF INDOOR OFFICES BY REGION 0 NATIONAL SMOKING BAN IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT Transport includes buses, taxies, trains, domestic air transport, international air transport, domestic water transport and international water transport. As December, 00, 0 completely banned smoking on public transport. Armenia Australia Bahrain Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State ) Brazil Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Canada Cape Verde Colombia Cook Islands Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Congo (DR) Djibouti Egypt El Salvador Finland Germany Greece Guatemala Guinea Honduras Iceland Iran (Islamic Republic ) Ireland Jordan Lebanon Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Malaysia Malta Marshall Islands Mauritius Mexico New Zealand Niger Nigeria Pakistan Panama Peru Portugal Qatar Romania Singapore Slovakia Sri Lanka Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan Tuvalu United Kingdom 0 0 Uruguay Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic ) Viet Nam West Bank and Gaza Strip Zambia Zimbabwe STATUS OF SMOKE-FREE PUBLIC TRANSPORT BY REGION (number 0 Complete sub-national legislation covers at least the population SMOKE-FREE ENVIRONMENTS
NATIONAL SMOKING BAN IN RESTAURANTS, PUBS AND BARS Restaurants primarily serve food that is made and consumed on the premises, though it may be taken-away. Restaurants may also serve alcoholic beverages, but the substantial portion prit should come from the sale food. Pubs and bars make a substantial portion their prits from the sale beverages, whether alcoholic or not. They may also sell food or other items. As December, 00, completely banned smoking in restaurants, and 0 completely banned smoking in all restaurants, pubs and bars. Australia Belgium* Bhutan Bolivia (Plurinational State )* Brunei Darussalam** Canada Chad Colombia Djibouti Guatemala Guinea Iran (Islamic Republic ) Ireland Marshall Islands Mauritius New Zealand Norway Panama Singapore* Turkey Tuvalu United Kingdom Uruguay West Bank and Gaza Strip* Zambia (number STATUS OF SMOKE-FREE RESTAURANTS, PUBS AND BARS BY REGION 0 0 0 * Restaurants only. does not include pubs and bars. ** Pubs and Bars data not required/not applicable. Complete sub-national legislation covers at least the population. Conclusion Governments around the world recognized that exposure to tobacco smoke is a major cause mortality and morbidity when they unanimously adopted the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC). To protect their citizens from the harms secondhand smoke, Parties to the FCTC developed and adopted strong, evidence based guidelines for implementation Article the FCTC. By becoming Parties to the FCTC, governments are legally bound to implement comprehensive smoke-free policies in all public places assessed in the 00 WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic. As November 0, 00, have ratified the FCTC. However, this report shows that the majority these continue to fail to provide adequate protection to their citizens from the harms secondhand smoke. According to the 00 WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, only are implementing policies that adequately protect their citizens from the deadly harms secondhand smoke and comply with the legal requirements the FCTC. The Framework Convention Alliance calls upon all ratifying the FCTC to meet their treaty obligations and fully protect their citizens from the harms secondhand smoke. Data notes Unless otherwise noted, the data in this report is from the 00 WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic. The 00 report is an update to the 00 MPOWER package that detailed six policies to reduce tobacco s deadly toll. The MPOWER package measures include monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies, protecting from tobacco smoke, fering help to quit tobacco use, warning about the dangers tobacco, enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship and raising taxes on tobacco. Countries were asked to report on the national status the MPOWER measure as December, 00. SMOKE-FREE ENVIRONMENTS