Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abscesses, 27 30 Acellular products, for bone healing, 55 56 Acetaminophen, 79 80 Achilles tendon lengthening, for pediatric flatfoot, 3 4 Alloderm, 55 Allogenic orthobiologics, 52 53 Ambulatory surgery, pain control in, 76 Amputation for diabetic foot, 30 for trauma, 35 38 Analgesia, patient-controlled, 80 Anesthesia anatomic considerations in, 78 complications of, 76 for elective surgery, 2 for hallux valgus correction, 3 for infection surgery, 31 for pediatric flatfoot correction, 4 for plastic surgery, 48 for rearfoot arthrodesis, 5 for rheumatoid arthritis, 12 for trauma repair, 38 general, 77 local, 77 79 regional, 77 79 selection of, 77 79 Angiography, for peripheral vascular disease, 19 21 Angioplasty, for peripheral vascular disease, 22 Ankle block, 78 Ankle surgery. See Foot and ankle surgery. Ankle-brachial index, for peripheral vascular disease, 18 19 Antibiotics after elective surgery, 6 after peripheral vascular disease surgery, 23 24 after rheumatoid arthritis surgery, 14 after trauma repair, 39 before plastic surgery, 47 for abscess, 27 for Charcot neuroarthropathy, 70 for osteomyelitis, 27 for trauma, 37 Perioperative Nursing Clinics 6 (2011) 89 99 doi:10.1016/s1556-7931(10)00106-3 periopnursing.theclinics.com 1556-7931/11/$ see front matter ª 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
90 Index Antibiotics (continued) preoperative, 13 prophylactic, 83 84 Anticoagulation after elective surgery, 6 for peripheral vascular disease, 23 Apligraf, 55 Arterial injury, in trauma, 36 37 Arterial occlusive disease. See Peripheral vascular disease. Arteriography, for peripheral vascular disease, 19 21 Arthrodesis external fixation for, 62 in rheumatoid arthritis, 11 12 of ankle, 11 12 of first metatarsophalangeal joint, 3 of rearfoot, 5 of tarsometatarsal joint, 11 Arthroereisis, of subtalar joint, 4 5 Aspirin, preoperative, 12 13 Assistive devices, for peripheral vascular disease, 23 Atherectomy, for peripheral vascular disease, 22 Atraumatic technique, for peripheral vascular disease surgery, 23 Autogenous orthobiologics, 52 B Balanced analgesia, 80 Benzodiazepines, 77 78 Bercaplermin, 56 Bier block, 77 Bioadjuvants. See Orthobiologics. Biobrane, 55 Biologic agents, preoperative, 13 Bleeding control, in trauma, 36 Bone grafts. See also Orthobiologics. for Charcot neuroarthropathy surgery, 72 Bone healing, orthobiologics and, 51 54 Bone marrow aspirates, 52 Bone morphogenetic proteins, 52 54 Brachytherapy, for peripheral vascular disease, 22 Bruits, in peripheral vascular disease, 18 Bupivacaine, 79 Bypass grafting, for peripheral vascular disease, 22 C Calcaneus, fractures of, 62 Calcium salt matrices, for bone healing, 53 54 Cancellous autografts, 52 Carbon dioxide contrast agent, for angiography, 21 Cardiovascular disease, infection surgery with, 31
Index 91 Cephalosporins, after elective surgery, 6 Cervical spine, precautions with, in rheumatoid arthritis, 12 Charcot neuroarthropathy, 67 74 after peripheral vascular surgery, 24 epidemiology of, 67 68 external fixation for, 60 61 surgery for approaches to, 68 indications and contraindications for, 68 intraoperative considerations for, 71 72 postoperative considerations for, 73 preoperative considerations for, 68 70 with infection, 70 with ulceration, 70 with unstable rocker-bottom deformity, 70 71 Chondrocyte grafts, 56 Clubfoot, correction of, 62 Compartment syndrome, in trauma, 36 37 Complex deformities, external fixation for, 62 Complications, 75 88 deep venous thrombosis. See Deep vein thrombosis. infections, 82 84 after peripheral vascular disease surgery, 23 24 in rheumatoid arthritis, 14 pain. See Pain control. pulmonary embolism. See Pulmonary embolism. rehabilitation and, 84 85 Computed tomography angiography, for peripheral vascular disease, 20 21 Contractures, digital, in rheumatoid arthritis, 10 11 Cortical autografts, 52 Corticosteroids postoperative, 14 preoperative, 13 Crush injuries, 37 38 Cryoplasty, for peripheral vascular disease, 22 Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, 79 80 D Debridement in plastic surgery, 47 of abscess, 27 Deep vein thrombosis, 80 82 after trauma repair, 39 41 anatomic considerations in, 80 81 in Charcot neuroarthropathy surgery, 73 in plastic surgery, 48 in rheumatoid arthritis, 13 prevention of, 82 risk for, 81 82 symptoms of, 81
92 Index Demineralized bone grafts, 52 54 Dermagraft, 55 Diabetes mellitus Charcot foot in. See Charcot neuroarthropathy. infections in, 28 31, 84 necrotizing fasciitis in, 28 30 osteomyelitis in, 28 30 Digit(s) anesthesia for, 78 79 rheumatoid arthritis of, 10 11 Digital block, 78 79 Digital subtraction angiography, for peripheral vascular disease, 19 20 Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, preoperative, 13 Dislocations, 37 Distraction osteogenesis, 60 Doppler ultrasonography, for peripheral vascular disease, 19 Drains, for rearfoot arthrodesis, 5 Draping, for elective surgery, 3 Dressings for Charcot neuroarthropathy surgery, 73 for hallux valgus correction, 3 for peripheral vascular disease surgery, 23 for trauma repair, 39 Duplex Doppler ultrasonography, for peripheral vascular disease, 19 Dysvascular foot. See Peripheral vascular disease. E Edema, after trauma repair, 39 Elective surgery, 1 7 intraoperative considerations for, 2 5 postoperative considerations for, 5 6 preoperative considerations for, 1 2 rehabilitation for, 6 Electrocautery for Charcot neuroarthropathy surgery, 72 for plastic surgery, 47 Endovascular procedures, for peripheral vascular disease, 21 22 Enoxaparin, after elective surgery, 6 Epicel, 55 Epidural anesthesia, 77 79 Equinus deformities, correction of, 62 Esmarch bandage, 71, 82 Etanercept, preoperative, 13 Exostectomy, in rheumatoid arthritis, 11 12 Exsanguination, 82 External fixation, 59 66 advantages and disadvantages of, 60 64 for Charcot foot neuroarthropathy, 60 61, 71, 73 for complex deformity correction, 62 for plastic surgery, 47, 62 for rearfoot arthrodesis, 5
Index 93 for rheumatoid arthritis, 12 for trauma, 60 history of, 59 nursing considerations for, 62 63 EZ-Derm, 55 F Falls, trauma in, 37 38 Femoral endarterectomy, for peripheral vascular disease, 22 Femoral pulse, in peripheral vascular disease, 18 Flaps external fixation for, 62 for complicated wound closure, 45 48 Flatfoot, correction of, 3 5 Fluoroscopy, for trauma repair, 38 39 Foot and ankle surgery elective, 1 7 external fixation in. See External fixation. for infections. See Infections. for rheumatoid arthritis, 9 16 for trauma. See Trauma. orthobiologics for, 51 57 plastic surgical techniques for, 45 49, 62 reconstructive, complications of, 75 88 with diabetes mellitus. See Diabetes mellitus. with peripheral vascular disease. See Peripheral vascular disease. Forefoot, rheumatoid arthritis of, 10 11 Foreign body, in puncture wound, 28 Fractures, 35 43, 60, 62 G Gangrene, 30 Gastrocnemius recession, for pediatric flatfoot, 3 4 General anesthesia, 77 GraftJacket, 55 Growth factors, in bone healing, 53 Gustilo and Anderson classification, of open fractures, 37 H Hallux valgus correction of, 3 in rheumatoid arthritis, 10 11 Healing orthobiologics and bone, 51 54 wound, 55 56 smoking effects on, 24 Heparin, for deep venous thrombosis, 39 40 Hindfoot, rheumatoid arthritis of, 11
94 Index Hydrocortisone, preoperative, 13 Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, for peripheral vascular disease, 24 Hyperglycemia, infections in, 29 I Ilizarov fixation devices. See External fixation. Immobilization after trauma repair, 39 rehabilitation with, 85 Infections, 27 33 abscesses, 27 30 after peripheral vascular disease surgery, 23 24 in Charcot neuroarthropathy, 70 in diabetes mellitus, 28 30 in rheumatoid arthritis, 14 necrotizing fasciitis, 30 31 nursing considerations for, 31 organisms causing, 83 84 postoperative, 14, 82 84 prevention of, 82 83 puncture wounds, 28 risk for, 83 Inflammatory pain, 76 Inflammatory response, in infections, 83 Instrumentation for Charcot neuroarthropathy surgery, 71 72 for external fixation, 62 63 for plastic surgery, 47 48 for trauma repair, 38 Integra, 55 Intermittent claudication, in peripheral vascular disease, 17 18 Internal fixation, for rheumatoid arthritis, 12 Intraoperative considerations for Charcot neuroarthropathy, 71 72 for elective surgery, 2 5 for external fixation, 62 63 for peripheral vascular disease, 22 23 for plastic surgery, 47 48 for rheumatoid arthritis, 13 14 for trauma, 38 39 Irrigation, in plastic surgery, 47 Ischemia, after peripheral vascular disease surgery, 23 24 K Kidner procedure, 5 L Lacerations, 37 Lapidus procedure, 3
Index 95 Laser angiography, for peripheral vascular disease, 22 Lidocaine, 79 Ligament injury, 37 Limb occlusion pressure, 82 Living tissue substitutes. See Orthobiologics. Local anesthesia, 77 79 Lyophilized bone grafts, 53 M Magnetic resonance angiography, for peripheral vascular disease, 20 Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, for healing, 56 Mayo block, 78 79 Metatarsal(s) head of, resection of, 10 11 osteotomy of, for hallux valgus, 3 Metatarsal joint, first, reconstruction of, 11 Metatarsophalangeal joint, first, arthrodesis of, 3 Methotrexate, preoperative, 13 Methylprednisolone, preoperative, 13 Midfoot, rheumatoid arthritis of, 10 11 Motor vehicle accidents, trauma in, 37 38 Motorcycle accidents, trauma in, 37 38 N Nausea and vomiting, after anesthesia, 76 Necrosis, after peripheral vascular disease surgery, 23 24 Necrotizing fasciitis, 28 31 Nerve blocks, 77 79 Neuroarthropathy, Charcot. See Charcot neuroarthropathy. Neuroaxial blocks, 77 79 Neuropathic pain, 76 Neuropathy, in diabetes mellitus, 29 Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, 12 13, 79 80 O Oasis product, 55 Open fractures, 37 Opioids, 77 78, 80 OrCel, 55 OrthADAPT, 55 Orthobiologics, 51 57 bone healing and, 51 54 for Charcot neuroarthropathy surgery, 72 new developments with, 56 wound healing and, 55 56 Ostectomy, for Charcot neuroarthropathy, 70 71 Osteochondral plugs, 52 Osteoconduction, 51 52
96 Index Osteogenesis, 51 52 Osteoinduction, 51 52 Osteomyelitis in abscess, 27 in Charcot foot, 61 in diabetes mellitus, 28 30 in puncture wound, 28 versus Charcot neuroarthropathy, 70 Osteotomy, metatarsal, for hallux valgus, 3 Oxygen therapy, for peripheral vascular disease, 24 P Pain control, 76 80 for ambulatory surgery, 76 for elective surgery, 5 6 for rheumatoid arthritis surgery, 14 for trauma repair, 39 pain mechanisms and, 76 Panmetatarsal head resection, for rheumatoid arthritis, 10 11 Patient-controlled analgesia, 80 Pediatric patients, flatfoot correction in, 3 5 Pedicle flaps external fixation for, 62 for complicated wound closure, 45 48 Peripheral vascular disease, 17 26 in rheumatoid arthritis, 12 13 infections in, 31 intraoperative considerations for, 22 23 postoperative considerations for, 23 24 preoperative considerations for, 18 22 risk factors for, 17 undiagnosed, 17 Peroneal nerve block, 78 79 Physical therapy, 85 for Charcot neuroarthropathy surgery, 73 for elective surgery, 6 for peripheral vascular disease, 23 24 for trauma repair, 41 Physiologic pain, 76 Plantar aspect abscess of, 27 puncture wounds of, 28 reconstruction of, external fixation for, 62 Plastic surgery, 45 49 external fixation for, 62 indications and contraindications to, 45 46 intraoperative considerations for, 47 48 postoperative considerations for, 48 49 preoperative considerations for, 46 47 Platelets, in bone healing, 53
Index 97 Plethysmography, for peripheral vascular disease, 18 19 Plexus blocks, 77 79 Polymicrobial infections, 30 31 Positioning after peripheral vascular disease surgery, 23 24 for Charcot neuroarthropathy surgery, 71 for elective surgery, 2 for external fixation, 63 for pediatric flatfoot correction, 4 for plastic surgery, 48 for trauma repair, 38 in rheumatoid arthritis, 13 14 Posterior tibial pulse, in peripheral vascular disease, 18 Postoperative considerations complications, 75 88 for Charcot neuroarthropathy, 73 for elective surgery, 5 6 for infection surgery, 31 for peripheral vascular disease, 23 24 for plastic surgery, 48 49 for rheumatoid arthritis, 14 for trauma, 39 41 Preoperative considerations for Charcot neuroarthropathy surgery, 68 70 for elective surgery, 1 2 for peripheral vascular disease, 18 22 for plastic surgery, 46 47 for rheumatoid arthritis, 12 13 for trauma, 36 38 PROMOGRAN PRISMA, 56 Protease inhibitors, for healing, 56 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in puncture wounds, 28, 30 Pulmonary embolism, 80 82 after trauma repair, 41 in plastic surgery, 48 Pulse, peripheral, in peripheral vascular disease, 18 Pulse-volume recording, for peripheral vascular disease, 18 19 Puncture wounds, 28 R Radiography, for peripheral vascular disease, 18 Rearfoot, arthrodesis of, 5 Reduction, of fractures, 37 Regional anesthesia, 77 79 Rehabilitation complications and, 84 85 for Charcot neuroarthropathy, 73 for elective surgery, 6 for rheumatoid arthritis surgery, 14 Revascularization, for peripheral vascular disease, 21 24
98 Index Rheumatoid arthritis, surgery for, 9 16 ankle, 11 12 forefoot, 10 11 hindfoot, 11 indications and contraindications of, 10 12 midfoot, 11 operative setting in, 13 14 postoperative considerations in, 14 preoperative considerations in, 12 13 Rocker-bottom deformity, in Charcot neuroarthropathy, 70 71 S Saphenous nerve block, 78 79 Saphenous vein graft, for peripheral vascular disease, 22 Sedation, 77 78 Segmental limb pressures, for peripheral vascular disease, 18 19 Sequential compression device, for plastic surgery, 48 Shoes, after trauma repair, 41 Skin grafts, for complicated wound closure, 45 48 Skin protection after peripheral vascular disease surgery, 23 24 in rheumatoid arthritis, 13 14 Skytron equipment, for trauma repair, 38 39 Smoking, cessation of, for peripheral vascular disease, 24 Soft tissue compromise, external fixation for, 60 Spinal anesthesia, 77 79 Split-thickness skin grafts, for complicated wound closure, 45 48 Staphylococcus aureus, in puncture wounds, 28, 30 Stents, for peripheral vascular disease, 22 Streptococcus, group A in necrotizing fasciitis, 30 31 in puncture wounds, 28 Subtalar joint, arthroereisis of, 4 5 Sural nerve block, 78 79 Sutures, for peripheral vascular disease surgery, 23 Synovitis, in rheumatoid arthritis, 11 12 T Tarsometatarsal joint, arthrodesis of, 11 Team approach to Charcot foot, 69 to plastic surgery, 46 47 Tendon injury, 37 Thromboembolism. See also Deep vein thrombosis. after trauma repair, 39 41 Tibial nerve block, 78 79 Tissue engineering, 56 Toe(s). See Digit(s). Toe-brachial index, for peripheral vascular disease, 18 19
Index 99 Total replacement, of ankle, for rheumatoid arthritis, 12 Tourniquet deep vein thrombosis and, 82 for elective surgery, 3 for peripheral vascular disease surgery, 22 23 for plastic surgery, 48 Transcutaneous oxygen pressure, for peripheral vascular disease, 18 19 Trauma, 35 43 external fixation for, 60 intraoperative considerations for, 38 39 plastic surgery for, 45 49 postoperative considerations for, 39 41 preoperative considerations in, 36 38 types of injuries in, 35 36 U Ulceration in Charcot neuroarthropathy, 61, 70 in diabetes mellitus, 28 30 Ultrasonography, for peripheral vascular disease, 19 V Vascular disease. See Peripheral vascular disease. Vibrio vulnificus, in necrotizing fasciitis, 31 Virchow triad, 80 Volume plethysmography, for peripheral vascular disease, 18 19 W Wound healing, orthobiologics and, 55 56