Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Ablation in uterine leiomyoma management, 719 723 Adnexal masses diagnosis of, 664 667 imaging in, 664 665 laboratory studies in, 665 667 patient history in, 664 physical examination in, 664 in pediatric patients laparoscopy for, 766 767 during pregnancy laparoscopy for, 758 759 presentation of, 663 prevalence of, 663 treatment of, 667 673 laparoscopic management in, 663 676 medical therapy in, 667 surgical, 668 673 for advanced stage invasive and recurrent ovarian cancer, 671 673 for benign-appearing lesions, 668 670 for borderline tumors, 670 671 for early stage ovarian cancer, 671 for probable malignancy, 670 Anesthesia/anesthetics for laparoscopy during pregnancy, 760 Antiprogestins in uterine leiomyomas management, 713 Appendectomy during pregnancy laparoscopy in, 757 758 Applied Medical port in LESS, 745 746 Argon-enhanced electrosurgery, 696 Aromatase inhibitors in uterine leiomyomas management, 713 Automatic feedback electrosurgical generators, 694 695 B Bipolar electrosurgery, 690 691 ligating-cutting devices in, 691 692 Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am 38 (2011) 789 798 doi:10.1016/s0889-8545(11)00116-1 0889-8545/11/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. obgyn.theclinics.com
790 Index Bleeding uterine abnormal uterine leiomyomas and, 707 Burch colposuspension procedure, 640 641 Burn(s) electrosurgical reducing risk for, 698 C Cancer(s) ovarian. See Ovarian cancer Capacitance in electrosurgery reducing risk for, 698 699 Capacitive coupling in electrosurgery reducing risk for, 699 700 Cervicouterine junction surgical dissection of, 784 785 Children laparoscopy in, 763 773. See also Pediatric gynecology, laparoscopy in Cholecystectomy during pregnancy laparoscopy in, 758 Coagulation in electrosurgery, 696 698 Competent surgeon core skills of, 777 788 surgical dissection, 777 780 pelvic areas, 780 787 level of cervicouterine junction, 784 785 pararectal space, 787 paravesical space/paravaginal space, 785 pelvic brim, 782 pelvic sidewall, 782 784 presacral space, 781 782 rectovaginal space, 787 retropubic space of Retzius, 785 787 vesicovaginal space, 787 Covidien, Inc. port in LESS, 744 Cyst(s) ovarian laparoscopic management of, 668 669 Cystocele repair laparoscopic, 641 642 D Dessication in electrosurgery, 696 698
Index 791 Direct coupling in electrosurgery reducing risk for, 698 E Education in gynecologic surgery, 733 740. See also Simulation Electric current types of, 688 Electricity fundamentals of, 687 688 Electrosurgery, 687 701 argon-enhanced, 696 bipolar, 690 691 ligating-cutting devices in, 691 692 coagulation in, 696 698 contact phenomena, 696 698 dessication in, 696 698 electrosurgical waveforms, 689 690 fulguration in, 695 696 fundamentals of, 688 690 monopolar, 690 691 risks factors associated with, 698 700 burns, 698 capacitance, 698 699 capacitive coupling, 699 700 direct coupling, 698 insulation failure, 700 tissue endpoints in, 692 695 automatic feedback electrosurgical generators, 694 695 cutting/vaporization, 693 694 moderating electrosurgical tissue effects, 692 693 noncontact phenomena, 693 695 Electrosurgical burns reducing risk for, 698 Endometrial cavity uterine leiomyomas impact on, 709 710 Endometriosis defined, 677 diagnosis of, 677 678 in pediatric patients laparoscopy for, 764 766 pelvic pain and relationship between, 678 680 presentation of, 677 prevalence of, 677 surgical treatment of, 677 686 conservative vs. extirpative surgery in, 683 684 excision vs. ablation vs. coagulation in, 681 inadequate, 680
792 Index laparoscopic uterine nerve ablation in, 681 682 laparoscopy vs. laparotomy, 680 681 pitfalls in, 678 680 postoperative medical treatment in, 683 preoperative medical treatment in, 682 presacral neurectomy in, 682 techniques, 680 684 Ethicon Endo-Surgery in LESS, 746 F Fulguration, 695 696 G General surgery LESS in, 742 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists in uterine leiomyomas management, 711 712 H Hypothermic leiomyoma ablation by laser and radiofrequency electrical energy, 720 721 in uterine leiomyoma management, 719 720 Hysterectomy laparoscopic complications of, 651 652 total and supracervical, 651 661 operative approach to, 652 658 postoperative care, 658 659 preoperative planning for, 652 653 types of recommendations for, 653 in uterine leiomyoma management, 718 719 uterine leiomyomas after, 703 704 vaginal laparoscopically assisted complications of, 741 I Infertility uterine leiomyomas and, 707 708 Insulation failure in electrosurgery reducing risk for, 700 Intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD) defined, 646 ISD. See Intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD)
Index 793 K Karl Storz port in LESS, 744 745 L Laparoscope(s) in LESS, 748 749 Laparoscopic cystocele repair, 641 642 Laparoscopic hysterectomy complications of, 651 652 Laparoscopic myomectomy in uterine leiomyoma management, 715 Laparoscopic pelvic reconstructive surgery techniques, 640 644 Burch colposuspension procedure, 640 641 sacrocopopexy, 643 644 uterine preservation, 644 vault prolapse repair, 642 643 Laparoscopic rectocele repair, 644 Laparoscopic single-site surgery (LESS), 741 755 benefits of evidence for, 751 753 future direction for, 753 754 historical perspectives on, 742 instrumentation in, 742 749 articulating, 746 748 laparoscopes, 748 749 ports, 743 746 uterine manipulators, 743 learning curve in, 751 surgical techniques, 749 751 Laparoscopic uterine nerve ablation in endometriosis management, 681 682 Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) complications of, 741 Laparoscopy in adnexal mass management, 663 676. See also Adnexal masses, treatment of for endometriosis in pediatric patients, 764 766 laparotomy vs. in endometriosis management, 680 681 in pediatric patients, 763 773. See also Pediatric gynecology, laparoscopy in in pregnancy, 757 763. See also Pregnancy, laparoscopy in Laparotomic myomectomy in uterine leiomyoma management, 714 Laparotomy laparoscopy vs. in endometriosis management, 680 681 Laser(s) in uterine leiomyoma management, 720 721
794 Index LAVH. See Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) Leiomyoma(s) uterine, 703 731. See also Uterine leiomyomas LESS. See Laparoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) Ligating-cutting devices bipolar, 691 692 M Minilaparotomy in uterine leiomyoma management, 716 Minimally invasive defined, 639 Minimally invasive suburethral slings, 645 647 Minimally invasive urogynecology, 639 649. See also specific procedures laparoscopic Burch colposuspension procedure, 640 641 laparoscopic cystocele repair, 641 642 laparoscopic pelvic reconstructive surgery techniques, 640 644 laparoscopic rectocele repair, 644 laparoscopic repair of vault prolapse, 642 643 minimally invasive suburethral slings, 645 647 robotics in pelvic reconstruction surgery, 645 sacrocopopexy, 643 644 types of, 639 649 uterine preservation, 644 Monopolar electrosurgery, 690 691 Mullerian anomalies in pediatric patients laparoscopy for, 770 772 Myolysis in uterine leiomyoma management, 719 723 Myomectomy in uterine leiomyoma management, 713 717 described, 713 714 laparoscopic myomectomy, 715 laparotomic myomectomy, 714 minilaparotomy, 716 preoperative preparation and evaluation in, 714 resectoscopic myomectomy, 714 715 vaginal myomectomy, 717 Myometrium leiomyomas and, 710 N Neurectomy presacral in endometriosis management, 682 O Ohm s Law, 687 Olympus America port in LESS, 743 744
Index 795 Ovarian cancer early stage laparoscopic management of, 671 invasive and recurrent advanced laparoscopic management of, 671 673 mortality data, 663 Ovarian cysts laparoscopic management of, 668 669 Ovarian remnant laparoscopic management of, 669 670 Ovarian torsion in pediatric patients laparoscopy for, 767 769 Ovarian tumors borderline laparoscopic management of, 670 671 Ovary(ies) preservation of in pediatric patients undergoing radiation laparoscopy in, 769 770 P Pain pelvic endometriosis and relationship between, 678 680 Pararectal space surgical dissection of, 787 Paravaginal defect repair laparoscopic, 641 642 Paravesical space/paravaginal space surgical dissection of, 785 Pediatric gynecology laparoscopy in, 763 773 for adnexal masses, 766 767 approach to patient, 763 764 endometriosis-related, 764 766 for Mullerian anomalies, 770 772 for ovarian preservation in patients undergoing radiation, 769 770 for ovarian torsion, 767 769 single-incision, 772 773 Pelvic brim surgical dissection of, 782 Pelvic pain endometriosis and relationship between, 678 680 Pelvic reconstructive surgery laparoscopic techniques in, 640 644. See also specific techniques and Laparoscopic pelvic reconstructive surgery techniques robotics in, 645
796 Index Pelvic sidewall surgical dissection of, 782 784 Ports in LESS, 743 746 Pregnancy laparoscopy in, 757 763 advantages of, 759 760 anesthesia for, 760 indications for, 757 759 operative techniques, 761 762 outcomes of, 762 763 physiology in, 760 recurrent loss in uterine leiomyomas and, 707 708 Presacral neurectomy in endometriosis management, 682 Presacral space surgical dissection of, 781 782 Progestins in uterine leiomyomas management, 712 713 R Radiation pediatric patients undergoing ovarian preservation in laparoscopy for, 769 770 Radiofrequency electrical energy in uterine leiomyoma management, 720 721 Rectocele repair laparoscopic, 644 Rectovaginal space surgical dissection of, 787 Resectoscopic myomectomy in uterine leiomyoma management, 714 715 Retropubic space of Retzius surgical dissection of, 785 787 Robotics in pelvic reconstruction surgery, 645 S Sacrocopopexy, 643 644 SILS. See Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) Simulation attributes of, 734 736 components of, 734 736 described, 733 734 in gynecologic surgery, 733 740 future of, 737 738 transition in, 736 737
Index 797 Simulation training described, 733 734 Single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) in pediatric patients, 772 773 Space of Retzius retropubic surgical dissection of, 785 787 Suburethral slings minimally invasive, 645 647 Supracervical hysterectomy, 651 661. See also Hysterectomy, total and supracervical Surgical dissection as core skill of competent surgeon, 777 780. See also Competent surgeon, core skills of, surgical dissection SurgiQuest port in LESS, 744 T Tension-free Vaginal Tape (TVT) suburethral sling procedure, 645 646 Total hysterectomy, 651 661. See also Hysterectomy, total and supracervical Transobturator tape (TOT) sling, 646 U UAE. See Uterine artery embolization (UAE) Ultrasound energy focused in uterine leiomyoma management, 721 723 Urogynecology minimally invasive, 639 649. See also Minimally invasive urogynecology Urologic surgery LESS in, 742 Uterine artery embolization (UAE) in uterine leiomyoma management, 717 718 Uterine bleeding abnormal uterine leiomyomas and, 707 Uterine leiomyomas, 703 731 characteristics of, 709 710 diagnosis of, 709 710 endometrial cavity impact of, 709 710 growth and development of, 704 706 hysterectomies associated with, 703 704 infertility due to, 707 708 management of expectant, 710 711 medical, 711 713 surgical, 713 723 ablation, 719 723 hysterectomy in, 718 719
798 Index investigative approaches, 719 723 myolysis, 719 723 myomectomy, 713 717 UAE in, 717 718 myometrium and, 710 pregnancy loss associated with, 707 708 prevalence of, 703 symptoms associated with, 707 709 Uterine manipulators in LESS, 743 Uterine preservation techniques for, 644 Uterosacral ligament suspension, 642 643 V Vaginal myomectomy in uterine leiomyoma management, 717 Vault prolapse laparoscopic repair of, 642 643 Vesicovaginal space surgical dissection of, 787