Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abdominal injuries, abdominal wall muscle injury, 212 213 diaphragmatic spasm, 212 liver injury, 213 214 pancreatic injury, 216 rectus abdominus hematoma, 213 renal injury, 216 splenic injury, 214 216 sports accounting for, 211, 229 sports medicine physician and, 211 212 types of, 212 216 Abdominal trauma, evaluation of, 211 218 imaging modalities after, 216 217 Abdominal wall, injuries of, 2004-2005 NCAA injury surveillance system, 211, 212 Abdominal wall muscle injury, in abdominal injuries, 212 213 Aerotitis media, 309 American Association for Surgery of Trauma, grading of severity of liver injuries, 233 234 organ injury severity scale, 223 risk of nephrectomy and, 223 splenic injury scale, 215 Anesthetics, local, in hip pointers, 327 328 Auricular hematoma, causes of, 304 305 complications of, 306 prevention of, 306 signs and symptoms of, 305 treatment of, 305 306 B Barotitis media, 309 Basal skull fractures, causes of, 309 310 complications of, 310 diagnosis of, 310 signs and symptoms of, 310 treatment of, 310 Bladder injury, blunt, 239 246 clinical presentation of, 242 243 contusion, 240 241 diagnostic evaluation in, 243 245 epidemiology of, 239 240 mechanisms of, 239 Clin Sports Med 32 (2013) 331 337 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0278-5919(13)00011-2 sportsmed.theclinics.com 0278-5919/13/$ see front matter ª 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
332 Index Bladder (continued ) macrotraumatic, 240 microtraumatic, 240 pathophysiology and classification of, 240 prevention of, 245 Bladder rupture, extraperitoneal, 241 242, 245 intraperitoneal, 242, 245 Blast ear injury, causes of, 311 diagnosis of, 311 prevention of, 311 return to play following, 312 Boxing, blunt visual trauma associated with, 290 291 C Cardiac contusions, blunt, 267 271 management of, 269 mechanism of injury in, 268 patient presentation in, 268 269 return-to-play guidelines in, 269 270 site, anatomy/physiology of, 268 Cardiac injuries, blunt, management of, 269 Chest radiography, in thoracic trauma, 257, 258 CN VII. See Facial nerve injury. Cochlear concussion, causes of, 312 313 diagnosis of, 313 signs and symptoms of, 313 treatment of, 313 Compartment syndrome, in muscle contusion of thigh, 319, 322 Computed tomography, in liver injury, 232 in thoracic trauma, 257 258 Computed tomography cystogram, in bladder rupture, 244 Concussion, cochlear. See Cochlear concussion. definition of, 282 in closed head injury, 281 283 management decisions immediately after, 283 repeated, cumulative injury from, 283 symptoms and signs of, 282 Contusion, periorbital, 292 293 Corneal abrasion, 293 294 Corticosteroids, in hip pointers, 327 328 D Decompression sickness, inner ear, causes of, 310 311 diagnosis of, 311 prevention of, 311 return to play following, 311 signs and symptoms of, 311 Dental injuries, in facial trauma, 276 Diaphragmatic spasm, in abdominal injuries, 212
Index 333 E Ear, anatomy of, 303 304 avulsion injuries, 306 blast injury of. See Blast ear injury. external, 303 304 trauma to, 304 internal, 304 trauma to, 310 315 lacerations of, 306 307 complications of, 307 helical rim, 306 middle, 304 trauma to, 309 310 prevention of, 309 treatment of, 309 trauma to, 303 316 Eye injuries, in facial trauma, 275 276 Eyelid laceration, 276 Eyelid trauma, and laceration, 293 Eyes, preparticipation examination of, 291 Eyewear, protective, 291 292 F Facial fracture, in facial trauma, 276 279 mandibular fractures in, 279, 280 maxillary fracture in, 277, 278 nasal fractures in, 277 278, 279 orbital blowout fracture in, 276 277 zygomature fracture in, 277, 278 Facial nerve injury, causes of, 314 diagnosis of, 314 signs and symptoms of, 314 treatment of, 314 Facial trauma, dental injuries in, 276 eye injuries in, 275 facial fracture in, 276 279 vision-threatening injuries in, 275 276 Foreign body, intraocular, injuries due to, 296 G Genital trauma, male, background and mechanisms of, 247 blunt, with suspected testicular rupture, 248 252 in sports, 247 254 nontraumatic, 249 252 protective equipment and sports-specific guidelines to prevent, 252 253 Globe rupture, in facial trauma, 275 visual trauma in, 296 Golf, blunt visual trauma associated with, 291
334 Index H Head injury, closed, 273 287 epidemiology of, 273 274 hematoma in. See Hematoma. initial evaluation in, 274 intracranial hemorrhage in, 280 281 pinna hematoma in, 275 skull fracture in, 279 soft tissue trauma in, 274 275 Hearing loss, causes of, 314 315 diagnosis of, 315 prevention of, 315 treatment of, 315 Hematocele, in testicular trauma, 251 Hematoma, auricular. See Auricular hematoma. epidural, in closed head injury, 280, 281 intracerebral, in closed head injury, 281 pinna, in closed head injury, 275 rectus abdominus, in abdominal injuries, 213 subarachnoid, in closed head injury, 281 subdural, in closed head injury, 280 281 Hematuria, in bladder rupture, 242 243 Hemorrhage, intracranial, in closed head injury, 280 281 retrobular, 276 traumatic, 296 297 subconjunctival, 294 295 Hemothorax, in lung trauma, background of, 259 260 diagnosis and management of, 260 Hepatic embolization, in liver injury, 234 Hip pointers, 325 330 clinical evaluation of, 327 clinical presentation of, 327 complications of, 328 329 conservative treatment of, 327 epidemiology of, 326 local anesthetics and corticosteroids in, 327 328 prevention of, 329 Hydrocele, in testicular trauma, 251 Hyphema, in blunt trauma, 295 296 I Iliac crest, anatomy of, 326 contusions of. See Hip pointers. Intracranial injury, concussion, in closed head injury, 281 283 diffuse axonal, in closed head injury, 281 Iritis, traumatic, 296 K Kidney injuries, blunt, imaging and testing in, 222 physical examination in, 221
Index 335 triage of, 221 classification of, 222 223 closed, 219 227 complications of, 224 225 due to blunt trauma, 220 epidemiology of, 219 220 follow-up imaging in, 224, 225 in abdominal injuries, 216 management of, in special circumstances, 225 226 predictors of failure, 224 management/outcomes of, 223 224 patient history and, 220 surgical indications in, 224 L Liver injury(ies), closed, 229 238 associated injuries in, 231 diagnostic evaluation in, 232 233 follow-up care and return-to-play guidelines, 235 236 history taking in, 230 initial evaluation and management in, 231 232 management of, nonoperative, 234 235 surgical, 235 mechanism of, 230 morbidity and mortality in, 235 physical examination in, 230 232 sideline evaluation in, 230, 231 treatment of, 229 230 grading of, 233 234 grading of severity of, American Association for Surgery of Trauma, 233 234 in abdominal injuries, 213 214 Lung injury, clinical signs and symptoms of, 256 Lung trauma, closed, 255 265 contusion in. See Pulmonary contusion. hemothorax in, background of, 259 260 diagnosis and management of, 260 pneumomediastinum in. See Pneumomediastinum. pneumothorax in. See Pneumothorax. M Mandibular fractures, in facial fracture, 279, 280 Maxillary fracture, in facial fracture, 277, 278 Muscle contusion (thigh), adjunctive treatments in, 320 321 compartment syndrome in, 319, 322 complications of, 321 322 imaging in, 319 myositis ossificans in, 321 322 pathophysiology of, 317 324 physical examination in, 318 319 treatment of, 320
336 Index Myocardial contusions. See Cardiac contusions, blunt. Myositis ossificans, in muscle contusion of thigh, 321 322 N Nasal fractures, in facial fracture, 277 278, 279 NCAA injury surveillance system - 2004-2005, abdominal wall injuries and, 211, 212 Nephrectomy, risk of, by American Association for Surgery of Trauma scale, 213 O Optic barotrauma, 309 Optic neuropathy, traumatic, 276, 298 Orbital blowout fracture, 297 298 in facial fracture, 276 277 Organ injury severity scale, American Association for Surgery of Trauma, 223 Otic capsule injury, causes of, 312 complications of, 312 signs/symptoms of, 312 treatment of, 312 P Pancreatic injury, in abdominal injuries, 216 Pediatrics, trauma in, 219 Pelvic fracture, bladder rupture in, 241 242 Penile trauma, acute, 253 Periorbital contusion, 292 293 Peritoneal lavage, diagnostic, in liver injury, 232 233 Pinna hematoma, in closed head injury, 275 Pneumomediastinum, in lung trauma, background of, 260 261 diagnosis and management of, 261 262 return to play following, 262 Pneumothorax, in lung trauma, air travel following, 259 background of, 256 257 diagnosis and management of, 257 259 return to play following, 259 Pulmonary contusion, background of, 262 diagnosis and management of, 262 263 return to play following, 263 R Rectus abdominus hematoma, in abdominal injuries, 213 Retrobular hemorrhage, traumatic, 296 297 Retrobulbar hemorrhage, 276 S Scalp and facial lacerations, in closed head injury, 274 275 Scleral laceration, 296 Scrotal trauma, blunt, ultrasonography in, 248 249 Skull fracture, basal. See Basal skull fractures. in closed head injury, 279
Index 337 Soccer, blunt visual trauma associated with, 290 Soft tissue trauma, facial skin abrasion, 275 Splenic injury, in abdominal injuries, 214 216 Splenic injury scale, American Association for Surgery of Trauma, 215 Staggers, 310 Subconjunctival hemorrhage, 294 295 T Temporal bone fractures, causes of, 309 310 complications of, 310 diagnosis of, 310 signs and symptoms of, 310 treatment of, 310 Testicular rupture, in genital trauma, 248 252 Testicular torsion, due to trauma, 249 250 Testicular trauma, clinical history in, 248 hematocele in, 251 hydrocele in, 251 imaging in, 248 249 physical eaamination and testing in, 248 return to play following, 252 treatment of, 252 Thigh, muscle contusion of. See Muscle contusion (thigh). Thoracic trauma, initial assessment in, 255 256 Tympanic membrane perforation, causes of, 307 infection prevention in, 308 pain management in, 308 prevention of, 308 return to play following, 308 signs and symptoms of, 307 treatment of, 307 308 U Ultrasound, in blunt scrotal trauma, 248 249 in liver injury, 232 in thigh contusion, 319 V Vision-threatening injuries, in facial trauma, 275 276 Visual trauma, blunt, 289 301 incidence of, 289 290 injuries associated with, 292 298 outcomes/return to play following, 298 299 sports-specific, 290 291 medications for use in, 299 sideline kit and, 298, 299 Z Zygomature fracture, in facial fracture, 277, 278