Course Title Course Code PHARMACOLOGY- I PH405 Lecture : 3 Course Credit Practical : 3 Tutorial : 0 Total : 6 Course Objectives Pharmacology-I will provide the sound knowledge about basic principles of pharmacology like sources of drugs, routes of administrations, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, receptor mechanisms, drug interactions and adverse drug reactions. It will provide specific information on pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, pharmacological actions, adverse effects, drug interactions, contraindications and uses of drugs acting on peripheral nervous system, autocoids, and pharmacology of nitric oxide. Detailed Syllabus - Theory Sr. No. Name of Chapter & Details Hours Allotted 1 Section-I General pharmacology a. Introduction and scope of pharmacology, b. Sources of drugs and nomenclature of drugs c. Dosage forms and routes of administration. 23
d. Factors modifying drug action, tolerance and dependence e. Pharmacokinetics: Drug absorption and bio-availability of a drug, Distribution, Biological half life and its significance, drug distribution, drug metabolism, drug excretion, Methods prolonging the duration of action of a drug. f. Pharmacodynamics: Mechanism of drug action, site of drug action, drug receptors, dose response relationship, combined effects of drugs, structure activity relationship g. Adverse drug Reactions h. Drug interactions Section-II 2 Pharmacology of peripheral Nervous system a. Neurohumoral transmission (autonomic and somatic) b. Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics, Sympathomimetics, adrenergic receptor and neuron blocking agents c. Ganglionic stimulants and blocking agents neuromuscular blocking agents. d. Local anaesthetics 14 3 Autacoids a. Histamine, 5-HT and their antagonists. b. Prostanglandins, thromboxane and leukotrienes. c. Pentagastrin, cholecystokinin, Angiotensin, Bradykinin and substance P 06 4 Pharmacology of Nitric oxide 02
Pharmacology-I (Practicals) 1. Introduction to experimental pharmacology: common laboratory animals, Legal regulations for the use of experimental animals, methods of Euthanasia and animal carcass disposals, methods of dosing and routes of administration in animals, some common techniques of blood collection, preparation of different solutions for experiments, drug dilutions, use of molar and W/V solutions in experimental pharmacology, introduction to PSS and commonly used tissue preparations, commonly used instruments in experimental pharmacology. 2. Introduction to pd 2 and pa 2 values. To study the effects of various agonists (pd2) and antagonist (pa2) using isolated preparations. a. To record the concentration response curve (CRC) of acetylcholine using rat ileum preparation. b. To study the effect of atropine on concentration response curve (CRC) of acetylcholine using rat ileum preparation. c. To record the concentration response curve (CRC) of Histamine on guinea pig ileum d. To study the effect of mepyramine on concentration response curve (CRC) of Histamine using guinea pig ileum preparation. 3. To study the effects of acetylcholine, Histamine, BaCl2, physostigmine, atropine, mepyramine and papaverine using rat/guinea pig ileum preparation 4. Demonstration Experiments a. To study the effects of autonomic drugs on rabbits eye b. To study the effect of hepatic microsomal enzyme inhibitors and inducers on pentobarbitone sleeping time c. To study the effects of various drugs on rat fundus preparation d. To study the effects of various drugs on rat anococcygeus muscle preparations. e. To study the effects of various drugs on rat vas deference preparations. f. Experiments on urinary excretion of drugs/their metabolites
Instructional Method and Pedagogy: Lectures will be conducted with the aid of multi-media projector, black board, OHP etc. Assignments based on course content will be given to the students at the end of each unit/topic and will be evaluated at regular interval. Surprise tests/quizzes/seminar/tutorials will be conducted. The course includes language practices such as Group Discussion, Interviews etc to develop the communication skills of the students. Students Learning Outcomes: 1. Know the basic concepts of pharmacology, its scope and various branches. 2. Know the mechanism of action and effects of drugs on various organs of the body. 3. Know various alternatives available for a single disease which can be because of multiple pathophysiologies. 4. Select the correct drug for disease with suitable dose, route of administration and formulation along with necessary precautions. 5. Know the importance of proper selection of drug otherwise resulting in drug interactions and adverse drug reactions. 6. Know about the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug interactions, adverse drug reactions and contraindications associated with the use of drugs acting on peripheral nervous system and of autocoids. 7. Know about the pharmacology of nitric oxide. Text Books: 1. Pathologic basis of disease by- Cotran, Kumar, Robbins (Latest Edition) 2. Essentials of medical pharmacology --K. D. Tripathi 3. Pharmacology-Rang and Dale
Reference Books: 1. Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics. Roger Walker and Clive Edwards, Churchill Livingstone Edinburgh / London. 2. Pathology & Therapeutics for Pharmacists. Russell J. Greene and Norman F. Harris. 3. Pharmacotherapy: A Pathophysiological Approach. J. T. Dipiro, R. L. Talbert etal, McGraw-Hill, New York. 4. Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics-Goodman and Gilman 5. Principles of Pharmacology Paul L. Munson 6. Lewis s Pharmacology James Crossland Churchil Livingstone 7. Modern Pharmacology with clinical applications- Craig, Charles R. 8. Lippincott s illustrated reviews of Pharmacology- Mycek Mary J. 9. Principles of pharmacology.--h. L. Sharma 10. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology- Goyal R.K. 11. Pharmacology and Toxicology- Kale S.R. Additional Resources Soft copies of pharmacology and pathophysiology books are available on websites. Latest informations are available from scientific journals available in library and on websites.