Itch Management in Clinical Practice

Itch Management in Clinical Practice

Current Problems in Dermatology Vol. 50 Series Editors Peter Itin Basel Gregor B.E. Jemec Roskilde

Itch Management in Clinical Practice Volume Editors Jacek C. Szepietowski Wrocław Elke Weisshaar Heidelberg 28 figures, 26 in color, and 36 tables, 2016 Basel Freiburg Paris London New York Chennai New Delhi Bangkok Beijing Shanghai Tokyo Kuala Lumpur Singapore Sydney

Current Problems in Dermatology Jacek C. Szepietowski Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology Wrocław Medical University Wrocław (Poland) Elke Weisshaar Department of Clinical Social Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Dermatology Heidelberg University Hospital, Ruprecht Karls University Heidelberg (Germany) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Szepietowski, Jacek, editor. Weisshaar, Elke, editor. Title: Itch - management in clinical practice / volume editors, Jacek C. Szepietowski, Elke Weisshaar. Other titles: Current problems in dermatology ; v. 50. 1421-5721 Description: Basel : Karger, [2016] Series: Current problems in dermatology, ISSN 1421-5721 ; vol. 50 Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Identifiers: LCCN 2016027847 ISBN 9783318058888 (hard cover : alk. paper) ISBN 9783318058895 (electronic version) Subjects: MESH: Pruritus--therapy Classification: LCC RL721 NLM WR 282 DDC 616.5--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016027847 Bibliographic Indices. This publication is listed in bibliographic services, including Current Contents and Index Medicus. Disclaimer. The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements. Drug Dosage. The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Copyright 2016 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH 4009 Basel (Switzerland) www.karger.com Printed on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) ISSN 1421 5721 e-issn 1662 2944 ISBN 978 3 318 05888 8 e-isbn 978 3 318 05889 5

Contents VII Preface Szepietowski, J.C. (Wrocław); Weisshaar, E. (Heidelberg) 1 Classification of Itch Ständer, S. (Münster) 5 Epidemiology of Itch Weisshaar, E. (Heidelberg) 11 Central Mechanisms of Itch Carstens, E. (Davis, Calif.); Akiyama, T. (Philadelphia, Pa.) 18 Peripheral Mechanisms of Itch Azimi, E. (Charlestown, Mass.); Xia, J. (Providence, R.I.); Lerner, E.A. (Charlestown, Mass.) 24 Diagnostic Procedures of Itch Reich, A.; Szepietowski, J.C. (Wrocław) 29 Measurement of Itch Intensity Reich, A.; Szepietowski, J.C. (Wrocław) 35 Itch Management: General Principles Misery, L. (Brest) 40 Itch Management: Topical Agents Metz, M. (Berlin); Staubach, P. (Mainz) 46 Itch Management: Systemic Agents Pongcharoen, P. (Bangkok); Fleischer Jr., A.B. (Winston-Salem, N.C.) 54 Itch Management: Physical Approaches (UV Phototherapy, Acupuncture) Chan, I.H.Y.; Murrell, D.F. (Sydney, N.S.W.) 64 Itch Management: Psychotherapeutic Approach Evers, A.W.M. (Leiden); Schut, C.; Gieler, U. (Giessen); Spillekom-van Koulil, S. (Nijmegen); van Beugen, S. (Leiden) 71 Itch Management: Treatments under Development Pereira, M.P.; Ständer, S. (Münster) 77 Itch in Urticaria Management Deza, G.; Giménez-Arnau, A.M. (Barcelona) 86 Itch in Atopic Dermatitis Management Kamata, Y.; Tominaga, M.; Takamori, K. (Urayasu) V

94 Prurigo Nodularis Management Tsianakas, A. (Bangkok); Zeidler, C.; Ständer, S. (Münster) 102 Itch in Psoriasis Management Szepietowski, J.C.; Reich, A. (Wrocław) 111 Itch in Special Skin Locations Management Misery, L. (Brest) 116 Neurologic Itch Management Şavk, E. (Aydın) 124 Psychogenic Itch Management Szepietowski, J.C.; Reszke, R. (Wrocław) 133 Uremic Itch Management Mettang, T. (Wiesbaden) 142 Cholestatic Itch Management Mittal, A. (Udaipur) 149 Paraneoplastic Itch Management Rowe, B.; Yosipovitch, G. (Philadelphia, Pa.) 155 Drug-Induced Itch Management Ebata, T. (Tokyo) 164 Itch in Pregnancy Management Lambert, L. (Edegem) 173 Itch Management in Childhood Fölster-Holst, R. (Kiel) 192 Itch Management in the Elderly Leslie, T.A. (London) 202 Author Index 203 Subject Index VI Contents

Preface Itching is a very common symptom in dermatology as well as in other fields of medicine such as internal medicine, psychosomatics, neurology, and even oncology. Whereas itching has been underresearched for hundreds of years, the community of itch researchers can be proud to state that a lot of knowledge has been acquired in clinical aspects of acute and chronic itch within the last 15 years. This has resulted in many publications including several itch books in recent years. All of them are a great pleasure to read and a real enrichment for the itch community. With this volume, we aim to address the management of chronic itch, which is an important issue for daily clinical practice, especially in dermatology. Whereas all the other books have focused on experimental aspects and diagnostics such as new research on receptors, neuroimaging of itch, cytokines, and chemokines (all of which are very important aspects of itch), this volume focuses on itch management in consideration of general aspects as well as in relation to special age groups, special body regions, and specific diseases. With this book, we hope to summarize the knowledge of recent research in itch management. We also set out to address dermatologists in training who wish to get a good overview of the great variety of treatments available, topically as well as systemically. We do not want to forget to mention that in most of the cases, the combination of, for instance, topical, systemic, and UV phototherapy may be necessary to fight this intractable symptom. Furthermore, psychological aspects should be considered. We aim to direct the readers attention to the fact that fighting the symptom of chronic itch means a variable, broad, and all-embracing therapy that includes dermatological expertise and treatment as well as interdisciplinary cooperation. We want to thank all the experts who contributed to this volume. None of these chapters could have been written without the help of experts and friends worldwide. We also thank Frau Hausmann and Frau Braun, Karger Verlag, for their continuous and quick support. Furthermore, we particularly thank all our itch patients who shared their history, disease, and suffering with us, and thus made it possible to accumulate such an amount of rich experience and knowledge. May this book be a great inspiration and help for the reader to find the best possible treatment of itch. Jacek C. Szepietowski, Wrocław Elke Weisshaar, Heidelberg VII