BOHS-Series Ergonomics Training Module
IAOH - 2013 2 INTRODUCTION
IAOH - 2013 3 What is Ergonomics? Ergo = nomics = work laws or rules Ergonomics = the laws of work OSHA defines ergonomics as: the science of designing the job to fit the worker, instead of forcing the worker to fit the job.
IAOH - 2013 4 The science of Ergonomics is a body of knowledge about human abilities, human limitations and human characteristics that are relevant to design.
IAOH - 2013 5 Goals Of Ergonomics Provide a safe and healthful working environment engineered to the capabilities of the human body Increase efficiency and productivity by reducing fatigue. Prevention of Occupational injury & illness. Work quality improvement.
IAOH - 2013 6 Straight Back Rule Belly Button Rule Swinging Arm Rule Straight Wrist Rule Straight Eye Rule Skin Rule No Brain Machine Rule Rules Of Ergonomics
IAOH - 2013 7 Methodology To Achieve The Goals
IAOH - 2013 8 Improving Workplace
IAOH - 2013 9 Awkward postures
IAOH - 2013 10 Posture
IAOH - 2013 11 There are no right or correct ways to sit, stand or lift... However, there are more and less demanding ways!
IAOH - 2013 12 Good posture is a great 'tool' to help in prevention of pain.
IAOH - 2013 13 Typical Work Situation Relationship Between User, Keyboard, Monitor And Mouse Graphic Representation Mouse Keyboard Body
IAOH - 2013 14 Risk Factors Force Repetition Posture Pain
IAOH - 2013 15 What Should I Look For? Awkward postures Repetition Force 15
IAOH - 2013 16 Why Ergonomics? Employee Concerns Comfort Fatigue Injuries Job satisfaction Decreased boredom Decreased stress Reasonable workloads Employer Concerns Worker s comp costs Productivity Errors Products Profit 16
IAOH - 2013 17 Poor Ergonomic Design o Decreased efficiency o Decreased productivity o Errors o Turnover o Absenteeism o Job avoidance
IAOH - 2013 18 What Can Ergonomics Do? discomfort accidents and injuries accuracy efficiency satisfaction job retention 18
IAOH - 2013 19 How Do I Start? Identify problems Complaints of discomfort Symptom surveys Near misses Accidents Injuries Errors High turnover 19
IAOH - 2013 20 How Do I Make a Quick Impact? Reduce lifting Lifting equipment Job redesign 20
IAOH - 2013 21 Tool Use Example Working with bent wrists decreases grip strength Use tools that let you keep your wrist straight
IAOH - 2013 22 OFFICE ERGONOMICS
IAOH - 2013 23 Office Comprises Chair Table Computer Other items like- files, phone, etc.
IAOH - 2013 24 Chair Adjustment
IAOH - 2013 25 Seven Contact Points
IAOH - 2013 26 Chair Cont.- Good chair should have Adjustability of height Backrest Seat depth Adjustable arm rest Stability.
IAOH - 2013 29 Keyboard Adjustment
IAOH - 2013 30 Key Board Adjustment Pull up close to your keyboard & Position IT directly in front of you. Determine what section of the keyboard you use most frequently, and readjust the keyboard accordingly. Adjust the keyboard height so that your shoulders are relaxed, your elbows are in a slightly open position (100 to 110 ), and your wrists and hands are straight.
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IAOH - 2013 32 Key Board Trays Best height for keyboard is generally at elbow height or lower. Tray should hold keyboard as well as mouse.
IAOH - 2013 33 Computer Mouse
IAOH - 2013 34 Computer Mouse Hazardous Generally while using the mouse, person stretching the arm outwards and forwards to hold it there with unsupported forearm as long as they are using the mouse.
IAOH - 2013 35 Cont.- Computer Mouse Hazardous This posture caused Pain on top of the hand, around the wrist Along the forearm and elbow Numbness and tingling in the thumb & index finger May develop the carpel tunnel syndrome Soreness and fatigue by putting extra load on the muscles of upper back & shoulder
IAOH - 2013 36 Correct Method Of Using Mouse Don't squeeze it. Hold it loosely in your hand with a relaxed grip. Keep your fingers relaxed. Keep your wrist straight.
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IAOH - 2013 39 Monitor Adjustment
IAOH - 2013 40 Position Of Monitor Viewing angle- degree above or below an imaginary horizontal line at the level of viewer s eyes & center of the object being looked at. place the monitor at about 15 degrees below the horizontal line. Poor angle leads to postural (neck & shoulders) discomfort. Position the top of the screen should be at eye level or slightly lower. (If you wear bifocals, lower the monitor to a comfortable reading level.) Centre the monitor directly in front of you, above your keyboard.
IAOH - 2013 Viewing distance 41 Sit at least an arm's length away from the screen and then adjust the distance for your vision
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IAOH - 2013 43 Monitor, Document, and Telephone Incorrect positioning of the screen and documents can result in awkward postures. Look for glares and reduce it. Place the documents directly in front, between the monitor and the keyboard. Place your telephone within easy reach. Use headsets and speaker phone to eliminate cradling the handset.
IAOH - 2013 44 Incorrect Method of Using Computer
IAOH - 2013 45 Correct Method of Using Computer
IAOH - 2013 46 Manual Ergonomics
IAOH - 2013 47 Manual handling includes Lifting Throwing Pushing Pulling Carrying Moving Holding Repetitive tasks such as : packing, typing, assembling, cleaning, sorting, operating machinery and equipment
IAOH - 2013 48 Anatomy of Back & Back Injuries Knowing what causes back injuries can help you prevent them.
IAOH - 2013 49 Manual Materials Handling Golden rule Eliminate lifts When you can t Keep it off the floor Reduce lifts o Conveyors o Adjust work flow 49
IAOH - 2013 50 Making a Difference If they have to lift, teach them how! High risk groups first Then campus-wide 50
IAOH - 2013 51 How Should You Lift? Stoop Squat Semi-squat
IAOH - 2013 52 Stoop Can get close to load Less effort and energy than squatting Fast.but it increases strain on low back
IAOH - 2013 53 Squat Limits strain on low back.but it is difficult to keep load close.requires increased effort and energy.and it is inefficient
IAOH - 2013 54 Less work Semi-Squat Lift Preferred for lifting heavy objects on occasional basis
IAOH - 2013 55 Squat and Semi-Squat Lifts More protective of back Preferred by injured workers
IAOH - 2013 56 Preferred / Not Preferred Position Not Preferred Position Preferred Position
IAOH - 2013 57 MUSCULO SKELETAL DISORDERS (WMSDS)
IAOH - 2013 58 Musculo Skeletal Disorders Also known as: Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs) Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSIs) Overuse injuries Soft tissue injuries
IAOH - 2013 59 Causes MSDs Risk Factors Awkward Postures High Hand Force Repetitive Motions = Repeated Impacts Heavy, Frequent, or Awkward Lifting Moderate to High Vibration
IAOH - 2013 60 Risk Factors Risk of injury depends upon: Duration of exposure (how long) Frequency of exposure (how often) Intensity of exposure (how much) Combinations of risk factors
IAOH - 2013 61 How Do MSDs Affect the Body? Force Repetition Posture Pain
IAOH - 2013 62 Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) Carpal tunnel syndrome Epicondylitis (Tennis elbow) Synovitis Muscle strains Raynaud's phenomenon Sciatica Rotator cuff tendonitis De Quervains' disease Trigger finger Low back pain Disc Herniation
IAOH - 2013 63 Symptoms of MSDs Discomfort Pain Numbness Tingling Burning Swelling Change in color Tightness, loss of flexibility
IAOH - 2013 64 Stages of Progression Early Stage-The body aches and feels tired at work, but symptoms disappear during time away from work. The injury will heal completely if dealt with properly at this early stage. Intermediate Stage-The injured area aches and feels weak near start of work. Work is more difficult to do. The injury will still heal completely if dealt with properly. Late Stage-The injured area aches and feels weak even at rest. Sleep is affected. Even light duties are very difficult.
IAOH - 2013 65 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Causes- swelling of flexor tendons due to repeated exertions. Repeated or prolonged forceful exertions of the hand combined with wrist flexion. Repeated or prolonged nonneutral wrist postures. Blunt Trauma. Rheumatoid arthritis and other connective tissue disorders. Endocrine disorders: myxedema, acromegaly, diabetes, pregnancy.
IAOH - 2013 66 This is caused by prolonged gripping activities such as- hammering driving screws weight lifting Tennis Elbow playing certain musical instruments digging in the garden driving racquet sports etc. The pain is exacerbated by gripping activities like turning a door handle can cause intense pain.
IAOH - 2013 67 Stages Of Cervical Disc Herniation 1. Poor posture, incorrect and/or repetitive lifting or twisting can place additional stress on spines. 2. Aging. 3. Trauma. 4. Lifestyle - Lack of regular exercise, tobacco use substantially contribute to poor disc health.
IAOH - 2013 68 Back Pain Compression Injury Tension Injury Shearing Forces Torsion Forces Acting On A Vertebra forward bending of the spine, Twisting movements of the spine Overstretching
IAOH - 2013 69 Common causes of back-pain Accidents and injuries Twist and sprains Improper working postures Lifting heavy weights Prolonged working in same posture Fatigue and tiredness Infections and diseases Pregnancy
IAOH - 2013 70 Prevention & Control of Ergonomic Risk Conditions Engineering controls Work practice controls Administrative controls
IAOH - 2013 71 Eye Strain While Working On VDT Experienced as Burning Tightness Sharp or dull pains Watering Blurring Double vision Headache etc.
IAOH - 2013 72 Eye Strain While Working On VDT Factors- Glare light source shining directly into the eyes e.g. ceiling lights, bright. windows etc. The luminance (brightness) difference between what is being looked at and its immediate environment The distance between the eye and screen and document The readability of screen and document The workers vision and his or her corrective lenses
IAOH - 2013 73 Prevention Of Eye Strain Watch out for glare. Follow 20/20/20 rule means every twenty minutes, look twenty feet away for twenty seconds. It may be due to dryness of eyes. Lowering the monitor. looking downward more of eye surface will be covered by the eyelids and eyes blinks more leads more lubrication. Keep the proper distance and angle between eyes and monitor.
IAOH - 2013 74 Cont.- Prevention Of Eye Strain Peoples who needs bifocal glass often experiences sore neck and shoulder because they have to tip their heads back to see the computer screen. Other options for them like Progressive addition lenses (PAL) For persons working long hours with computers the PAL is the choice. Wearing contact lenses
IAOH - 2013 75 What you can do? Recognize and report symptoms Get involved in ergonomics
IAOH - 2013 76 Symptom Recognition and Reporting Report symptoms if: Pain is persistent, severe or worsening Pain radiates Symptoms include numbness or tingling Symptoms keep you from sleeping at night
IAOH - 2013 77 Key Points To Remember Ergonomics can help you on your job MSDs can happen in jobs with risk factors Risk factors can be reduced and MSDs prevented Reporting symptoms early is important You can help your company put ergonomics changes into place
IAOH - 2013 78 Thumb Rules To Prevent MSDS Use moderate postures for individual joints Don t use too much force Break for 4-5 min. for every hour spent at workstation to ease muscle aches, eye strain & stress. Vary the tasks. Break up the keyboard task work by doing other job. Look away from the screen & focus your eyes on an object far away time to time. Relax your muscles, stretch & change position.
IAOH - 2013 79 Ergonomic Exercise
IAOH - 2013 80 Reason For Stretch At Work Reduce muscle tension & stress, increase alertness, improve circulation and productivity. Reduction in day to day tiredness. To feel better
IAOH - 2013 81 Stretch At Work Stretches must be performed slowly and carefully. They shouldn t be painful. If they are painful, stop and consult doctor. Make slow movements- avoid rapid or jerky movements. Hold the stretch for at least 5-7 seconds. Stretch frequently, especially when sitting or in other constrained environments.
IAOH - 2013 82 Schedule -Each exercise 3 times 1. Preparations:- Remove shoes. Take out mobiles spectacles, pen, diary etc 2. Neck movement (a) Bending backwards (b) Rotate left center right (c) Bend sideways 3. Neck exercise push counter push by both hands. 4. Eyes (a) Squeezing 10 times (b) Palming 5. Shoulders (a) Up / down (b) Rotate clock-wise (c) Rotate anticlockwise 6. Palm pressure & Fist Rotation
IAOH - 2013 83 Schedule -Each exercise 3 times 7. Namaskar (Front) pose + movement up/down 9. Executive stretch 11.Calf muscle stretch 12.Thigh muscle stretch 13.Walking on heels & toes Executive stretch Calf muscle stretch
IAOH - 2013 84 Thank you Have a Nice Ach free Day Dr Raghvendra Gupta Chief medical Officer Raghvendra.Gupta@ril.com