National Descriptive Report

National Descriptive Report 0

1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction... 2 Results... 2 Pain Medication... 3 Sedatives... 9 Stimulants... 15 Additional Questions... 21 Drug Use of Other Students... 25 Demographics... 32

2 INTRODUCTION The College Prescription Drug Study (CPDS) is a multi-institutional survey of undergraduate, graduate and professional students that examines the non-medical use of prescription drugs, including the reasons for and consequences of use, access to prescription drugs and perceptions of use among students. The purpose of the CPDS is to gain a more thorough understanding of the non-medical use of prescription drugs among college students. The CPDS was developed and administered The Ohio State University s Center for the Study of Student Life in collaboration with the Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Drug Misuse Prevention and Recovery (HECAOD). During spring 2015, the CPDS was administer to random samples of students attending 8 fouryear public and private institutions across the United States via an anonymous online survey. The survey was administered to 27,495 students; 3,918 responded for a response rate of 14.2%. More information on the study is available by contacting the CPDS team at rxstudy@osu.edu. For more information or assistance with reducing prescription drug misuse on your campus, please contact the HECAOD at hecaod@osu.edu or visit hecaod.osu.edu. RESULTS The results are organized by the major topic areas within the survey and frequencies are presented for each question. Results are presented for undergraduate and graduate/professional students. Please note the following when reading and using the results in the report: Not every respondent responded to each question. Respondents were free to skip questions that they did not wish to answer. The survey included routing whereby not every respondent had the opportunity to answer every question; the routing is described in footnotes. Survey items that were check all that apply are noted throughout the report. The percentages for these items will not add up to 100% since respondents could select multiple responses. This report only includes descriptive statistics; caution should be used when making comparisons and generalizations.

3 PAIN MEDICATION Pain Medications Have you ever used a pain medication (e.g. OxyContin, Vicodin, Percodan) for non-medical reasons (e.g. it was not prescribed to you, only used it for the experience or feeling it caused, or used it in a way that was not prescribed)? 1 Yes 10.2% 6.1% No 89.1% 93.2% I d rather not say 0.7% 0.7% Total Responses 2426 825 How often do you generally use pain medications for non-medical reasons? Did not select a response 1.2% 6.0% At least once a year 56.0% 68.0% At least once an academic term 16.9% 8.0% At least once a month 10.9% 4.0% At least once a week 2.4% 0.0% At least once a day 0.8% 0.0% I d rather not say 11.7% 14.0% Total Responses 248 50 When did you first start using pain medications for non-medical reasons? Elementary school (grades K-5) 1.2% 0.0% Middle school (grades 6-8) 2.8% 4.0% High school (grades 9-12) 48.0% 34.0% College 44.0% 50.0% Graduate or Professional School 0.0% 10.0% I d rather not say 4.0% 2.0% Total Responses 248 50 How many times would you estimate that you have used pain medications for nonmedical reasons? In the last 30 days Did not select a response 39.9% 38.0% 1-2 times 37.9% 38.0% 3-5 times 4.4% 0.0% 6-9 times 0.8% 2.0% 10-19 times 0.8% 0.0% 20-39 times 0.8% 0.0% 40-59 times 0.0% 0.0% 60-99 times 0.0% 0.0% More than 100 times 0.0% 0.0% I d rather not say 15.3% 22.0% Total Responses 248 50 1 Respondents that selected No or I d rather not say were routed to the beginning of the Sedatives section.

4 Pain Medications How many times would you estimate that you have used pain medications for nonmedical reasons? In the last 12 Months Did not select a response 34.3% 30.0% 1-2 times 23.0% 30.0% 3-5 times 12.9% 10.0% 6-9 times 7.7% 6.0% 10-19 times 5.2% 6.0% 20-39 times 3.6% 0.0% 40-59 times 1.2% 0.0% 60-99 times 0.0% 0.0% More than 100 times 0.8% 0.0% I d rather not say 11.3% 18.0% Total Responses 248 50 In your lifetime Did not select a response 4.8% 0.0% 1-2 times 31.5% 12.0% 3-5 times 18.1% 34.0% 6-9 times 10.5% 18.0% 10-19 times 13.3% 22.0% 20-39 times 8.1% 4.0% 40-59 times 3.2% 0.0% 60-99 times 3.2% 4.0% More than 100 times 6.5% 6.0% Total Responses 248 50 Where do you typically obtain pain medications that you use for non-medical reasons? (Check all that apply) From a friend 60.5% 54.0% From a peer who is not a friend 14.9% 8.0% From a relative 26.6% 34.0% From a pharmacy 23.4% 28.0% From a drug dealer 19.4% 10.0% By traveling abroad 2.8% 4.0% Through the Internet 2.0% 0.0% Other 9.3% 14.0% I d rather not say 4.8% 4.0% Total Responses 248 50

5 Pain Medications How did you obtain pain medications from your friend, peer, or relative? (Check all that apply) 2 They gave me the pain medication(s) 85.2% 94.1% I took the pain medication(s) without my friend, peer, or relative knowing 17.6% 23.5% I paid my friend, peer or relative for the pain medication(s) 34.1% 17.6% Other 1.1% 2.9% I d rather not say 0.5% 0.0% Total Responses 182 34 Why have you used pain medications for non-medical reasons? (Check all that apply) To relieve pain 57.5% 52.0% To get to sleep 34.0% 32.0% To relieve anxiety 34.8% 34.0% To get high 43.7% 38.0% To help study or improve grades 14.2% 12.0% To counter the effects of other drugs 6.9% 0.0% To enhance social interactions or situations 22.7% 8.0% Because I felt dependent on it 6.5% 2.0% To see what it was like 42.1% 26.0% To feel better 33.6% 16.0% To escape from reality 21.1% 10.0% Because of a personal or emotional problem 17.8% 10.0% Because I felt they were safer than street drugs 5.3% 0.0% Because I felt they were less addictive than street drugs 2.8% 0.0% Other 3.2% 2.0% Total Responses 247 50 Do you use pain medications while drinking alcohol? No, never 56.9% 54.0% Rarely 20.7% 26.0% Sometimes 17.1% 16.0% Often 2.8% 4.0% Very often 1.6% 0.0% Total Responses 246 50 2 Only respondents that answered they obtain pain medications from a friend, peer, or relative responded to this question.

6 Pain Medications Please indicate whether you have ever experienced the following effects from your non-medical use of prescription pain medications (e.g. OxyContin, Vicodin, Percodan). Because of your use of these medications, have you ever: Not been able to stop using these types of medications when you wanted to? Yes 8.3% 6.0% No 90.9% 92.0% I d rather not say 0.8% 2.0% Had family members or friends express their concern about your use? Yes 10.7% 4.0% No 88.1% 96.0% I d rather not say 1.2% 0.0% Total Responses 243 50 Stayed away from your family or friends because of your use of these medications? Yes 9.5% 4.0% No 89.7% 96.0% Engaged in criminal activity in order to obtain these types of medications? Yes 8.3% 6.0% No 90.9% 94.0% Experienced memory loss as a result of your use of these types of medications? Yes 16.1% 24.0% No 83.1% 76.0%

7 Pain Medications Please indicate whether you have ever experienced the following effects from your non-medical use of prescription pain medications (e.g. OxyContin, Vicodin, Percodan). Because of your use of these medications, have you ever: Experienced a negative impact on your academics? Yes 10.7% 4.0% No 87.6% 96.0% I d rather not say 1.7% 0.0% Experienced a positive impact on your academics? Yes 14.5% 14.0% No 83.8% 86.0% I d rather not say 1.7% 0.0% Total Responses 241 50 Experienced problems at work? Yes 3.7% 2.0% No 94.6% 98.0% I d rather not say 1.7% 0.0% Total Responses 241 50 Done things that you wish you hadn't? Yes 18.2% 10.0% No 80.6% 88.0% I d rather not say 1.2% 2.0% Harmed another person? Yes 2.1% 0.0% No 97.1% 100.0% Been harmed by another person? Yes 5.0% 4.0% No 93.8% 96.0% I d rather not say 1.2% 0.0% Experienced withdrawal symptoms (felt sick) when you stopped using? Yes 13.6% 2.0% No 85.5% 98.0% Experienced medical problems? Yes 6.2% 2.0% No 93.0% 98.0%

8 Pain Medications Please indicate whether you have ever experienced the following effects from your non-medical use of prescription pain medications (e.g. OxyContin, Vicodin, Percodan). Because of your use of these medications, have you ever: Experienced emotional or psychological problems? Yes 13.2% 8.2% No 86.0% 91.8% Total Responses 242 49 Had to undergo medical treatment? Yes 2.5% 4.0% No 96.7% 96.0% Had to undergo emotional or psychological treatment? Yes 5.4% 2.0% No 93.8% 98.0% Experienced legal problems? Yes 2.1% 0.0% No 96.7% 100.0% I d rather not say 1.2% 0.0% Been depressed? Yes 19.8% 8.0% No 79.3% 92.0% Had suicidal thoughts? Yes 11.6% 0.0% No 87.6% 98.0% I d rather not say 0.8% 2.0%

9 SEDATIVES Sedatives Have you ever used sedatives, sleeping medications or tranquilizers (e.g. Valium, Xanax, Ambien) for non-medical reasons (e.g. it was not prescribed to you, only used it for the experience or feeling it caused, or used it in a way that was not prescribed)? 3 Yes 8.9% 6.9% No 90.8% 92.7% I d rather not say 0.4% 0.4% Total Responses 2426 825 How often do you generally use sedatives for non-medical reasons? Did not select a response 1.9% 8.8% At least once a year 41.7% 54.4% At least once an academic term 20.8% 17.5% At least once a month 15.7% 7.0% At least once a week 5.6% 0.0% At least once a day 2.3% 0.0% I d rather not say 12.0% 12.3% Total Responses 216 57 When did you first start using sedatives for non-medical reasons? Elementary school (grades K-5) 0.9% 1.8% Middle school (grades 6-8) 2.8% 1.8% High school (grades 9-12) 37.7% 14.3% College 55.3% 62.5% Graduate or Professional School 0.0% 17.9% I d rather not say 3.3% 1.8% Total Responses 215 56 How many times would you estimate that you have used sedatives for non-medical reasons? In the last 30 days Did not select a response 30.6% 49.1% 1-2 times 41.2% 31.6% 3-5 times 4.6% 5.3% 6-9 times 3.7% 0.0% 10-19 times 1.9% 0.0% 20-39 times 0.9% 0.0% 40-59 times 0.5% 0.0% 60-99 times 0.5% 0.0% More than 100 times 0.5% 0.0% I d rather not say 15.7% 14.0% Total Responses 216 57 3 Respondents that selected No or I d rather not say were routed to the beginning of the stimulants section.

10 Sedatives How many times would you estimate that you have used sedatives for non-medical reasons? In the last 12 Months Did not select a response 26.4% 40.4% 1-2 times 28.2% 31.6% 3-5 times 12.5% 7.0% 6-9 times 7.9% 8.8% 10-19 times 6.5% 3.5% 20-39 times 4.2% 1.8% 40-59 times 0.9% 0.0% 60-99 times 1.4% 0.0% More than 100 times 0.5% 0.0% I d rather not say 11.6% 7.0% Total Responses 216 57 In your lifetime Did not select a response 5.1% 5.3% 1-2 times 32.4% 29.8% 3-5 times 14.8% 24.6% 6-9 times 12.0% 17.5% 10-19 times 13.0% 8.8% 20-39 times 7.9% 7.0% 40-59 times 3.7% 1.8% 60-99 times 3.2% 0.0% More than 100 times 5.6% 5.3% I d rather not say 2.3% 0.0% Total Responses 216 57 Where do you typically obtain sedatives that you use for non-medical reasons? (Check all that apply) From a friend 59.8% 57.9% From a peer who is not a friend 19.2% 5.3% From a relative 20.6% 26.3% From a pharmacy 22.9% 14.0% From a drug dealer 19.2% 3.5% By traveling abroad 1.9% 1.8% Through the Internet 2.3% 0.0% Other 2.8% 8.8% I d rather not say 4.2% 5.3% Total Responses 214 57

11 Sedatives How did you obtain sedatives from your friend, peer, or relative? (Check all that apply) 4 They gave me the sedative(s) 80.9% 97.7% I took the sedative(s) without my friend, peer, or relative knowing 10.5% 11.4% I paid my friend, peer or relative for the sedative(s) 42.6% 6.8% Other 0.6% 2.3% Total Responses 162 44 Why have you used sedatives for nonmedical reasons? (Check all that apply) To relieve pain 17.9% 16.1% To get to sleep 59.0% 51.8% To relieve anxiety 48.6% 57.1% To get high 43.4% 25.0% To help study or improve grades 9.0% 3.6% To counter the effects of other drugs 14.6% 8.9% To enhance social interactions or situations 28.3% 10.7% Because I felt dependent on it 4.2% 1.8% To see what it was like 35.8% 26.8% To feel better 29.2% 16.1% To escape from reality 22.6% 12.5% Because of a personal or emotional problem 23.1% 19.6% Because I felt they were safer than street drugs 4.2% 3.6% Because I felt they were less addictive than street drugs 4.2% 0.0% Other 0.0% 1.8% I d rather not say 0.5% 0.0% Total Responses 212 56 Do you use sedatives while drinking alcohol? No, never 51.6% 60.7% Rarely 22.1% 16.1% Sometimes 16.9% 16.1% Often 4.7% 5.4% Very often 3.8% 1.8% I d rather not say 0.9% 0.0% Total Responses 213 56 4 Only respondents that answered they obtain sedatives from a friend, peer, or relative responded to this question.

12 Sedatives Please indicate whether you have ever experienced the following effects from your non-medical use of prescription sedatives, sleeping medications or tranquilizers (e.g. Valium, Xanax, Ambien) Because of your use of these medications, have you ever: Not been able to stop using these types of medications when you wanted to? Yes 5.8% 10.5% No 94.2% 89.5% Total Responses 206 57 Had family members or friends express their concern about your use? Yes 11.7% 5.3% No 87.9% 94.7% I d rather not say 0.5% 0.0% Total Responses 206 57 Stayed away from your family or friends? Yes 8.7% 5.3% No 91.3% 94.7% Total Responses 206 57 Engaged in criminal activity in order to obtain these types of medications? Yes 6.3% 5.3% No 93.2% 94.7% I d rather not say 0.5% 0.0% Total Responses 205 57 Experienced memory loss? Yes 30.0% 22.8% No 69.6% 77.2% I d rather not say 0.5% 0.0% Total Responses Experienced a negative impact on your academics? Yes 12.7% 5.3% No 86.3% 94.7% I d rather not say 1.0% 0.0% Total Responses 207 57

13 Sedatives Please indicate whether you have ever experienced the following effects from your non-medical use of prescription sedatives, sleeping medications or tranquilizers (e.g. Valium, Xanax, Ambien) Because of your use of these medications, have you ever: Experienced a positive impact on your academics? Yes 14.1% 12.3% No 84.0% 87.7% I d rather not say 1.9% 0.0% Total Responses Experienced problems at work? Yes 4.9% 3.5% No 95.1% 96.5% Total Responses 205 57 Done things that you wish you hadn't? Yes 20.4% 15.8% No 79.6% 84.2% Total Responses 206 57 Harmed another person? Yes 3.4% 1.8% No 96.6% 98.2% Total Responses 206 57 Been harmed by another person? Yes 3.9% 1.8% No 96.1% 98.2% Total Responses Experienced withdrawal symptoms (felt sick) when you stopped using? Yes 5.8% 1.8% No 94.2% 98.2% Total Responses 206 57 Experienced medical problems? Yes 4.4% 3.5% No 95.6% 96.5% Total Responses 206 57

14 Sedatives Please indicate whether you have ever experienced the following effects from your non-medical use of prescription sedatives, sleeping medications or tranquilizers (e.g. Valium, Xanax, Ambien) Because of your use of these medications, have you ever: Experienced emotional or psychological problems? Yes 10.2% 7.0% No 89.3% 93.0% I d rather not say 0.5% 0.0% Total Responses 206 57 Had to undergo medical treatment? Yes 2.4% 1.8% No 97.6% 98.2% Total Responses 206 56 Had to undergo emotional or psychological treatment? Yes 4.8% 5.3% No 94.7% 94.7% I d rather not say 0.5% 0.0% Total Responses 207 57 Experienced legal problems? Yes 2.4% 1.8% No 97.6% 98.2% Total Responses 205 57 Been depressed? Yes 15.0% 8.8% No 85.0% 91.2% Total Responses 206 57 Had suicidal thoughts? Yes 8.3% 5.3% No 91.7% 94.7% Total Responses 205 57

15 STIMULANTS Stimulants Have you ever used a stimulant (e.g. Ritalin, Adderall, Dexedrine) for nonmedical reasons (e.g. it was not prescribed to you, only used it for the experience or feeling it caused, or used it in a way that was not prescribed)? 5 Yes 18.6% 11.7% No 80.8% 87.8% I d rather not say 0.6% 0.5% Total Responses 2418 822 How often do you generally use stimulants for non-medical reasons? Did not select a response 2.0% 8.3% At least once a year 37.3% 42.7% At least once an academic term 29.8% 22.9% At least once a month 16.2% 7.3% At least once a week 6.9% 5.2% At least once a day 0.7% 0.0% I d rather not say 7.1% 13.5% Total Responses 450 96 When did you first start using stimulants for non-medical reasons? Elementary school (grades K-5) 0.2% 1.1% Middle school (grades 6-8) 1.6% 3.2% High school (grades 9-12) 29.5% 8.4% College 68.3% 70.5% Graduate or Professional School 0.0% 15.8% I d rather not say 0.4% 1.1% Total Responses 448 95 How many times would you estimate that you have used stimulants for non-medical reasons? In the last 30 days Did not select a response 32.4% 51.0% 1-2 times 39.1% 26.0% 3-5 times 9.6% 5.2% 6-9 times 3.1% 1.0% 10-19 times 1.6% 3.1% 20-39 times 0.9% 0.0% 40-59 times 0.4% 0.0% 60-99 times 0.2% 1.0% More than 100 times 0.2% 0.0% I d rather not say 12.4% 12.5% Total Responses 450 96 5 Respondents that selected No or I d rather not say were routed to the beginning of Additional Questions section.

16 Stimulants How many times would you estimate that you have used stimulants for non-medical reasons? In the last 12 Months Did not select a response 26.0% 40.6% 1-2 times 25.1% 22.9% 3-5 times 16.2% 7.3% 6-9 times 9.1% 7.3% 10-19 times 8.4% 8.3% 20-39 times 4.7% 1.0% 40-59 times 1.1% 0.0% 60-99 times 0.7% 1.0% More than 100 times 2.0% 2.1% I d rather not say 6.7% 9.4% Total Responses 450 96 In your lifetime Did not select a response 6.9% 6.3% 1-2 times 26.9% 32.3% 3-5 times 18.7% 14.6% 6-9 times 11.3% 14.6% 10-19 times 11.6% 8.3% 20-39 times 11.6% 11.5% 40-59 times 4.7% 5.2% 60-99 times 2.7% 4.2% More than 100 times 5.1% 3.1% I d rather not say 0.7% 0.0% Total Responses 450 96 Where do you typically obtain stimulants that you use for non-medical reasons? (Check all that apply) From a friend 83.5% 84.2% From a peer who is not a friend 23.9% 16.8% From a relative 7.1% 5.3% From a pharmacy 4.9% 7.4% From a drug dealer 10.9% 6.3% By traveling abroad 0.2% 1.1% Through the Internet 0.9% 1.1% Other 3.1% 2.1% I d rather not say 4.0% 1.1% Total Responses 448 95

17 Stimulants How did you obtain stimulants from your friend, peer, or relative? (Check all that apply) 6 They gave me the stimulant(s) 78.2% 83.9% I took the stimulant(s) without my friend, peer, or relative knowing 4.7% 3.4% I paid my friend, peer or relative for the stimulants(s) 51.6% 43.7% Other 0.7% 0.0% I d rather not say 1.2% 0.0% Total Responses 403 87 Why have you used stimulants for nonmedical reasons? (Check all that apply) To relieve pain 2.0% 1.0% To get to sleep 1.6% 1.0% To relieve anxiety 8.9% 10.4% To get high 14.3% 12.5% To help study or improve grades 87.1% 82.3% To counter the effects of other drugs 6.5% 8.3% To enhance social interactions or situations 23.0% 19.8% Because I felt dependent on it 2.7% 3.1% To see what it was like 25.9% 26.0% To feel better 6.7% 8.3% To escape from reality 3.3% 6.3% Because of a personal or emotional problem 2.5% 5.2% Because I felt they were safer than street drugs 2.5% 4.2% Because I felt they were less addictive than street drugs 1.8% 2.1% Other 5.4% 10.4% I d rather not say 0.7% 1.0% Total Responses 448 96 Do you use stimulants while drinking alcohol? No, never 58.1% 61.1% Rarely 22.4% 20.0% Sometimes 13.9% 14.7% Often 3.8% 3.2% Very often 1.3% 1.1% I d rather not say 0.4% 0.0% Total Responses 446 95 6 Only respondents that answered they obtain stimulants from a friend, peer or relative responded to this question.

18 Stimulants Please indicate whether you have ever experienced the following effects from your non-medical use of prescription stimulant (e.g. Ritalin, Adderall, Dexedrine) Because of your use of these medications, have you ever: Not been able to stop using these types of medications when you wanted to? Yes 4.3% 6.4% No 94.3% 93.6% I d rather not say 1.4% 0.0% Total Responses 439 94 Had family members or friends express their concern about your use? Yes 4.8% 6.4% No 93.8% 93.6% I d rather not say 1.4% 0.0% Total Responses 439 94 Stayed away from your family or friends? Yes 3.2% 5.3% No 95.4% 94.7% I d rather not say 1.4% 0.0% Total Responses 439 94 Engaged in criminal activity in order to obtain these types of medications? Yes 3.2% 3.2% No 95.0% 96.8% I d rather not say 1.8% 0.0% Total Responses 438 94 Experienced memory loss as a result? Yes 3.2% 5.3% No 95.6% 94.7% I d rather not say 1.1% 0.0% Total Responses 438 94

19 Stimulants Please indicate whether you have ever experienced the following effects from your non-medical use of prescription stimulants (e.g. Ritalin, Adderall, Dexedrine). Because of your use of these medications, have you ever: Experienced a negative impact on your academics? Yes 3.2% 2.1% No 95.7% 97.9% I d rather not say 1.1% 0.0% Total Responses 438 94 Experienced a positive impact on your academics? Yes 64.6% 60.6% No 33.6% 39.4% I d rather not say 1.8% 0.0% Total Responses 441 94 Experienced problems at work? Yes 1.4% 2.1% No 97.7% 97.9% I d rather not say 0.9% 0.0% Total Responses 436 94 Done things that you wish you hadn't? Yes 7.1% 10.6% No 91.7% 89.4% I d rather not say 1.1% 0.0% Total Responses 436 94 Harmed another person? Yes 1.1% 1.1% No 97.9% 98.9% I d rather not say 0.9% 0.0% Total Responses 437 94 Been harmed by another person? Yes 0.9% 3.2% No 98.2% 96.8% I d rather not say 0.9% 0.0% Total Responses 437 94 Experienced withdrawal symptoms (felt sick) when you stopped using? Yes 8.4% 4.3% No 90.6% 95.7% I d rather not say 0.9% 0.0% Total Responses 438 94

20 Stimulants Please indicate whether you have ever experienced the following effects from your non-medical use of prescription stimulants (e.g. Ritalin, Adderall, Dexedrine). Because of your use of these medications, have you ever: Experienced medical problems? Yes 3.2% 3.2% No 95.9% 96.8% I d rather not say 0.9% 0.0% Total Responses 437 94 Experienced emotional or psychological problems? Yes 9.4% 6.4% No 89.2% 93.6% I d rather not say 1.4% 0.0% Total Responses 437 94 Had to undergo medical treatment? Yes 1.4% 1.1% No 97.7% 98.9% I d rather not say 0.9% 0.0% Total Responses 436 94 Had to undergo emotional or psychological treatment? Yes 1.6% 1.1% No 97.5% 98.9% I d rather not say 0.9% 0.0% Total Responses 436 94 Experienced legal problems? Yes 0.7% 1.1% No 98.4% 98.9% I d rather not say 0.9% 0.0% Total Responses 437 94 Been depressed? Yes 9.4% 5.3% No 89.5% 94.7% I d rather not say 1.1% 0.0% Total Responses 437 94 Had suicidal thoughts? Yes 4.6% 2.1% No 94.3% 97.9% I d rather not say 1.1% 0.0% Total Responses 435 94

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