SUBSTANCE USE & ABUSE Chapters 19-22
DRUGS Drugs: substances other than food that change the structure or function of the body or mind Medicines: drugs that are used to treat or prevent diseases or other conditions -Help prevent disease -Fight pathogens -Relieve pain & other symptoms -Manage chronic conditions, help maintain or restore health & regulate body s systems
MEDICINES Vaccines: preparation that prevents a person from contracting a specific disease -Dead pathogens -Produces antibodies to fight pathogens -Produces memory cells that can make antibodies -Long lasting protection Bacteria: disease-causing microorganisms
Antibiotics: -Destroy bacteria -Kill bacteria -Prevent bacteria from reproducing -MUST finish all of prescription -Overuse can cause bacteria to develop a resistance Antitoxins: -Prevent disease & neutralize toxins -Fight bacteria that produces toxins -Tetanus shot toxins from rusty nail
MEDICINES Analgesics: medicines that fight -Inflammation -Redness -Swelling -Pain -Aspirin -Ibuprofen Body Regulating: -Diabetes meds -Asthma meds -Cardiovascular meds Narcotics- require prescription
Taking Medications: -Oral -Topical -Inhaled -Injected Side Effects: reactions to medicine other than the one intended Drug Allergies: reactions not expected from taking the drug Medicine Interactions: Additive: when medicines work together in a positive way -Anti-inflammatory & Muscle relaxant Synergistic: results in a greater effect when taken together than when alone -Barbiturates & Anesthetics Antagonistic: one med cancels or reduces the effect -Birth control & Antibiotics
Tolerance: condition in which the body becomes used to the effect of a drug MEDICINES Prescription Medicines: meds that are dispensed only with the written approval of a licensed physician or nursepractitioner Withdrawal: occurs when a person stops using a drug on which he/she has become physiologically dependent OTC Over The Counter Medicines: meds you can buy without a doctor s prescription FDA does not regulate herbal/dietary/nutritional supplements
MEDICINES Medicine Labels: -Active ingredient -Inactive ingredients -Uses -Expiration date -Purpose -Warnings -Directions -Other information
MEDICINES Medicine Misuse: using a medicine in ways other that the intended use -Failing to follow instructions -Giving a prescriptions drug to another person -Taking too much or too little -Taking for longer period or shorter period of time -Discontinuing without informing doctor -Mixing medicines without approval from doctor/pharmacist Medicine Abuse: intentionally taking medications for non-medical reasons Drug overdose: a strong, sometimes fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a drug
90% of adult smokers began as teens TOBACCO Stimulant: drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart & other organs Addictive Drug: substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence Nicotine: addictive drug found in tobacco leaves Carcinogen: cancer-causing substance Cigars contain more nicotine & produce more tar & carbon monoxide
Tar: Thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns Paralyzing cilia Destroying cilia Destroying alveoli Damaging lung tissue
Short term effects: -Brain chemistry changes -Respiration rate increases -Heart rate increases -Blood pressure increases -Taste buds are dulled -Appetite is reduced -Bad breath -Yellowed teeth -Smelly hair, skin & clothes -Sores in mouth & throat -Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea TOBACCO
TOBACCO Long term effects: -Early onset wrinkles -Chronic bronchitis -Addiction -Emphysema -Gum recession -Tooth decay -Tooth loss -Stroke -Coronary heart disease -Weakened immune system Cancer: -Lungs -Jaw / bone -Kidneys -Bladder -Pharynx -Larynx -Esophagus -Stomach -Pancreas
SMOKELESS TOBACCO Tobacco that is sniffed through the nose or held in the mouth or chewed 10x more CARCINOGNES than smoking tobacco Leukoplakia: thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer
Analgesics: medicines that fight Inflammation Redness Swelling Pain Aspirin Ibuprofen Narcotics- require prescription QUIT TOBACCO 1. -Prepare for the quit day 2. -Get support & encouragement 3. -Access professional health services 4. -Replace tobacco use with healthy behaviors 5. Tobacco cessation program: 6. Info that provides information & help to people who want to stop using tobacco 1. -Nicotine patch or gum 2. -Meds
Not governed by Food & Drug Administration E-CIGS Dangers: 85% of vapes are flavored Diacetyle- chemical linked to serious lung disease Benzene-found in car exhaust Heats & becomes aerosol Heavy metals- tin, nickel & lead Nicotine addiction: Teens get addicted faster due to brain development Linked to other drugs Hallucinogens Does not prevent people from smoking cigarettes 3 of 5 vapers also smoke cigarettes Explosions of device https://youtu.be/jpndkhbfdeo
Carbon monoxide: colorless, odorless & poisonous gas TOBACCO
HEALTH RISK OF TOBACCO SMOKE Environmental tobacco smoke [ETS}: air that has been contaminated by tobacco smoke Mainstream smoke Smoke exhaled from the lungs of a smoker Sidestream smoke Smoke from the burning & or a cigarette, pipe or cigar -Over 4,000 chemicals -Over 50 are carcinogens Health risks to unborn children & infants: -Impaired fetal growth -Spontaneous miscarriage -Prenatal death -Premature delivery -Low birth weight -Deformities -Stillbirths -SIDS- sudden Infant Death Syndrome
ALCOHOL Ethanol: type of alcohol in alcohol beverages Fermentation: chemical action of yeast on sugar Depressant: drug that slows the central nervous system
Blood Alcohol Content: amount of alcohol in a person s blood, expressed as a percentage Binge drinking: drinking five or more alcoholic drinks in one sitting Alcohol poisoning: severe & potentially fatal physical reaction to an alcohol overdose -Irregular heartbeat -Slow respiration -Vomiting & seizures -Hypothermia -Mental confusion & stupor -Coma
Intoxication: state in which the body is poisoned by alcohol or another substance & the person s physical & mental control is significantly reduced Factors: -Body size -Gender -Food -Rate of intake -Amount -Medicine
Long term effects: -Addiction -Loss of brain function -Brain damage -Sexual dysfunction -Heart damage -High blood pressure -Irritation of digestive lining -Fatty liver -Alcoholic hepatitis -Cirrhosis of the liver
Psychological dependence: condition in which a person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function normally Physiological dependence: condition in which the user has a chemical need for a drug Alcohol abuse: excessive use of alcohol Alcoholic: addict who is dependent on alcohol
For teens: Peer pressure Media messages Family Teens of alcoholics run the risk of: ALCOHOL INFLUENCES -Neglect & Abuse -Social isolation -Economic hardship -Mental illness -Physical problems -Personal use of alcohol themselves 5x more likely to become alcoholic
LIVING ALCOHOL-FREE Benefits: -Maintaining a healthy body -Establishing healthy relationships -Making healthy decisions -Avoiding risky behaviors -Avoiding illegal activities -Avoiding violence -Achieving your goals Refusal skills: -Be assertive -Call parents or trusted adult for ride home -Plan alcohol-free activities with friends -Avoid parties where alcohol is available
ALCOHOL & DRIVING Legal limit: -Teens- 0.02% BAC -Adults 0.08 BAC Alcohol will: -Slow reflexes -Reduced ability to judge distance -Reduced ability to judge speeds -Increase in risk-taking behaviors -Reduced concentration -Increased forgetfulness
Group of alcohol-related birth defects that include physical & mental problems FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME Effects of FAS: -Heart, liver & kidney defects -Vision & hearing problems -Developmental disabilities -Central nervous system problems & poor coordination -Small head & deformities of face, hands or feet -Difficulties learning & short attention span -Hyperactivity, anxiety & social withdrawal
ALCOHOLISM Alcoholism: disease in which a person has a physical or psychological dependence on drinks that contain alcohol Symptoms: -Craving -Loss of control -Physical dependence tolerance Contributing factors: -Genetics -Family -Friends -Culture -Peer pressure -Availability of alcohol -Stress -Age @ which a person starts drinking
ALCOHOL ABUSE Stages: -Abuse -Dependence -Addiction Recovery: process of learning to live an alcohol-free life Sobriety: living without alcohol Treatment: -Admit that alcohol use is a problem -Detoxification -Receiving counseling to change -Recovery Treatment Programs: Al-Anon/Alateen, Alcoholics Anonymous, MADD, SADD, National Association for Children of Alcoholics, SAMSHA
ILLEGAL DRUGS Illegal drugs: Chemical substances that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture, possess, buy or sell Illicit drug use: use or sale of any substance that is illegal or otherwise not permitted Substance Abuse: unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for non-medical purposes -Overuse of a drug -Multiple use of a drug -Use of an illegal drug -Use of a drug with alcohol
Influences of Teens: -Peer pressure -Family members -Role models -Media messages -Perceptions of drug behavior -Misleading information DRUG USE Overdose: strong, sometimes fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a drug Addiction: physiological or psychological dependence on a drug
CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG USE Teens & illegal drugs: -Stop pursuing interests & goals -Engage in dangerous behavior -Involved in violence or crime -Engage in sexual activity -Become depressed -At risk of suicide -Act recklessly -Get arrested Friends & Family: -Stop spending time with drug-free friends -Family feels burden of emotional & financial costs Society: -Rise in drug-related crime -Rise in drug-related violence -DUI- Driving under the influence
PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGS Chemicals that affect the central nervous system & alter activity in the brain Stimulants: drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart & other organs
Opiates: drugs derived from the opium plant that are obtainable only by prescription & are used to relieve pain
Hallucinogens: drugs that alter moods, thoughts & sense perceptions including visions, hearing, smell & touch
WARNING SIGNS OF DRUG ABUSE -Lies about the drugs they are taking -Constantly talks about drugs -Stops participating in activities once enjoyed -Changes in eating & sleeping habits -Rapid weight loss -Takes unnecessary risks -Participates in unsafe behaviors -Gets in trouble at school & with authorities -Seems withdrawn, depressed & tired -Cares less about appearance -Red-rimmed eyes & runny nose -Difficulty concentrating, forgets or blackouts
DRUG TREATMENT CENTERS -Outpatient drug-free treatment: medication & group counseling -Short-term treatment: residential therapy, medication & outpatient -Maintenance therapy: medicine, usually for heroin addicts -Therapeutic communities: residential