Do First: Answer in your DFAD Answer each question with a short answer. Haveouts Guided Notes Pen/pencil CAV Card 1. What body system does HIV attack? 2. What cells does HIV attack? 3. Is HIV a virus or medical condition? 4. Is AIDS a virus or medical condition? Leave 5 and 6 blank 4 mins
MrFitzBiology.com What is on there? Weekly plan All hand outs and power points A secret Unit 4 Study Guide that will NOT be passed out in class Quiz #11 tomorrow. Unit 4 Exam on THIS Friday.
Nitrogen Cycle - #1 The nitrogen cycle is the cyclic movement of nitrogen in different chemical forms from the environment to organisms and then back to the environment. Coverts nitrogen from gas to nitrogen in the soil. Bacteria use the nitrogen from the atmosphere to make nitrogenous compounds that plants and animals can use. *Farmers use this to their advantage by including nitrifying bacteria in the soil to help crops.
Other microbes break down' waste products and remnants of dead organisms in a process called decomposition. The decomposition is as old as life itself. In this process, bacteria, fungi, molds, and other organisms feed upon decaying organic materials initially. After decomposition, the resulting compost is extremely rich in nutrients and this fertilizer can be used in agriculture to help grow plants. Decomposition - #2
BIOTECHNOLOGY - #3 The industrial application of living organisms is called biotechnology. One example of a way that humans use microorganisms is to develop medicines like antibiotics (Anti = against and bio = life) These medicines attack bacteria and other unicellular organisms that are pathogenic (disease causing) for humans.
Billions of bacteria live in the human digestive system. These bacteria are referred to as microflora, or gut flora. These bacteria break down food remains that have not been digested earlier in the digestive system. They stop harmful bacteria and fungus from invading the body. Some of these are beneficial and others are potentially harmful. Beneficial bacteria that can be introduced into the digestive system through food are called probiotics. Probiotics can also provide antibiotic resistance against bacteria. Most commercially-promoted fermented milk products contains beneficial types of bacteria. Natural yogurts and Yakult, a milk product, are examples of foods which contain probiotics. See figure II. Microflora - #4
Independent Practice Answer all question starting at Independent Practice Work must be done silently and independently. No Talking. If you have a question or request raise a silent hand and be patient. For independent practice, today we will be working silently and independently for 8 minutes. 8 mins
VIRUSES A virus is a protein coat surrounding genetic material that replicate only inside a host cell. Viruses are not bacteria. Viruses are not even cells!
Bacteria reproduce by binary fission. Asexual! Daughter cells have same DNA.
1. Prevention and Treatment: Immune system Immuno- = safe, free Immune system: Protects body from foreign invaders including bacteria and viruses Can both prevent and rid body of foreign invaders. Antibodies (anti- = against): proteins in your blood that fit and attack a specific disease
2. Prevention: Viral Vaccines Vaccines can only PREVENT infections (not treat them). Vaccines are made of: weakened microorganisms or parts of the microorganism
Viral Vaccines: How They Work Doctors inject you with a weakened form of a virus to develop immunity (antibodies) to that virus BUT the weak virus does not get you sick.
How Vaccines Work While you watch this video, take notes in the section labeled video notes. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lxmc15da-vw
3. Antiviral Medications Medication that can be taken AFTER getting a virus. However, viruses are much easier to prevent than to treat. Antiviral medications exist only for some types of viruses.
Antibiotics Medicine that kills living things (i.e. not viruses!) When we use too many antibiotics, bacteria evolve and create new resistant strains of bacteria.
Antibiotic Resistance Some strains of bacteria cannot be killed by antibiotics Those that survive reproduce, making an entire colony of resistant bacteria
Independent Practice Answer all question starting at Independent Practice Work must be done silently and independently. No Talking. If you have a question or request raise a silent hand and be patient. For independent practice, today we will be working silently and independently for 8 minutes. 8 mins
Independent Practice Silently and independently Whatever you do not finish = HW
Group Practice Reader is reading out loud. Alternate reader roles. All group members must agree on the same answers On topic conversations only!
Self-Quiz Antiviral medication is the name for medicines that weaken viruses. What is the name of medications that kill bacteria (but not viruses)? antibiotics
Key Points 1. Microorganisms can be pathogenic (make us sick) but most are harmless or actually helpful 2. Bacteria make nitrogen available for plants and animals to use. 3. Microorganisms also help us produce food, produce antibiotics, and live in our digestive tract to keep us healthy.
Key Points Viruses can be prevented through the use of vaccines. Vaccines contain weakened versions of the virus. Viruses can be killed by antivirals Bacteria can be killed by antibiotics Bacteria that are not killed by antibiotics are called antibiotic resistant.
CFU: Thomas got the flu virus and he feels terrible. He cannot afford healthcare so he got antibiotics without a prescription from his uncle, who has shady connections with a questionable pharmacist. Thomas thinks this will help him feel better. Should Thomas take the antibiotics? Explain.