Originl Reserch TM DOI : http://doi.org/10.22438/je/39/5(si)/12 Journl Home pge : www.je.co.in E-mil : editor@je.co.in Journl of Environmentl Biology TM JEB p-issn: 0254-8704 e-issn: 2394-0379 CODEN: JEBIDP Vrition of growth nd proximte composition in Portunus pelgicus juveniles fed with selected feeds in recirculting quculture system (RAS) Authors Info S.M.S. Kohinoor, A. Arshd*, S.M.N. Amin, Mohd. S. Kmrudin nd M.A. Sulimn Deprtment of Aquculture, Fculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putr Mlysi, 43400 UPM Serdng, Selngor Drul Ehsn, Mlysi *Corresponding Author Emil : zizr.upm@gmil.com Key words Cptive culture Growth rte Portunus pelgicus Survivl rte Wter qulity Puliction Info Pper received : 15.07.2017 Revised received : 20.10.2017 Re-revised received : 28.11.2017 Accepted : 28.12.2017 Astrct Aim: The experiment ws conducted to determine the suitility of using scd fish, Acetes shrimp nd common squid for the direct nd indirect ppliction s diets for the juvenile rering of the lue swimming cr Portunus pelgicus. Methodology: A totl of 54 cr juveniles with n initil weight of 2.46 ±0.94 g were rndomly stocked in triplicte t 6 crs per 60 l tnk (0.26 m²) experimentl units nd fed twice dily with three different types of feed nmely scd fish, squid tissue nd frozen Acetes shrimp for period of 31 dys. Results: At the end of the tril, mmoni nd nitrite-nitrogen compound were significntly higher inacetes shrimp fed group. It is found tht finl ody weight (g) of P. pelgicus ws significntly higher when fed with squid, however no significnt differences were noticed etween scd fish nd Acetes shrimp fed groups. The whole ody proximte composition ws similr in ll the diet fed individuls except the level of lipid which ws higher in squid compred to scd fish nd Acetes shrimp. Significntly (p<0.05) etter food conversion rtio (FCR) ws oserved in juvenile cr fed with squid even though scd fish possessed the highest crude protein of 83.33%. Interprettion: Overll, the results suggested tht squid mel could e recommended for P. pelgicus juvenile culture. Hence, squid mel my e incorported in cr rtificil diet s protein source to ttin etter survivl nd growth. Selection of suitle feed for lue swimming cr juvenile, Portunus pelgicus Three tretments: scd fish, Acetes shrimp nd squid s feed running in triplictes in completely rndomized design in RAS Weight, length nd wter qulity mesurement Growth, ody composition nd wter qulity nlysis White Smoke Just write. Squid mel is recommended for P. pelgicus juvenile rering, etter thn scd fish, lstly Acetes shrimps mels Plgirism Detector Triveni Enterprises, Lucknow (Indi) Journl of Environmentl Biology, Specil issue Septemer 2018 Vol. 39 871-876
872 S.M.S. Kohinoor et l. Introduction Portunus pelgicus is minly ottom feeder crnivorous crustcen nd feeds on different types of enthic fun nd flor within its hitt (Wu nd Shin, 1998). They dwell in wide rnge of shllow costl hitts such s muddy nd sndy ottoms, segrss nd lgl eds, nd show wide rnge of hitt complexity (Asphm et l., 2015). Blue swimming crs re considered s importnt species for fishers of lower income group tht depends on this cr's fishery (Asphm et l., 2015). In Mlysi, it is the top most populr mrine cr species nd fetches high price in the mrket. As deliccy, they hve gret demnd in locl nd interntionl mrkets, nd recognized s high-protein nd low lipid food contining 21.54-22.64% protein, 0.81-1.21% totl lipid (Gokoolu nd Yerliky, 2003) nd good sources of ftty cids (Deniz, 2016). It lso serves s n importnt memer of food chin due to its reltionship with vrious sutrophic levels, thus plying significnt role in the ecosystem (Hll et l., 2006). Food nd feeding is one of the most essentil fctors influencing the growth performnce of the lue swimming crs. Severl studies on feeding nd diet of P. pelgicus hve een conducted in vrious countries of the world such s nturl diets (Hyslop, 1980; Ikhwnuddin et l., 2014), diet chnges (Arshd et l., 2002), food hits (Chnde nd Mgy, 2004), food nd feeding hits (Josileen, 2011), feeding ecology (Kunsook et l., 2014) nd feed cceptility (Tin nd Drums, 2014). However, there is very little informtion ville regrding the effect of different selected fresh diets on vrition of growth nd proximte composition in P. pelgicus juveniles in RAS system. Thus, the study ws conducted to evlute the growth performnce of P. pelgicus juvenile using different types of fresh diets. Mterils nd Methods Experimentl site: This experiment ws crried out t the htchery complex in the Mrine Science Center of UPM, Port Dickson, Negeri Semiln, Mlysi. Source nd rering of experimentl crs: Htcheryproduced helthy cr instr (C1) with intct ppendges ws used for the present experiment; nd nursery rering ws 3 performed in three rectngulr tnks (3 m ). In order to minimize cnnilism etween crs, sndy sustrtum were used t the ottom nd tnks were filled with erted sewter up to level of 50 cm depth. The nimls were nursery rered for 30 dys. The crs received UV treted sewter (32 33 ppt) with dily wter exchnge of 20%. Wter ph ws mintined t rnge etween 7.5 nd 8.0 using clcium cronte whenever necessry. Diffused ertion ws provided to mintin the dissolved oxygen (DO) level in ech nursery tnk. During the culture period, the first cr instrs were fed t 30% ody weight with mixed diet contining scd fish, squid nd shrimp mel (Feed No. 5002, C.P. Aquculture Privte Limited) twice dy in feeding trys. At the end of 30 dys period of nursing, the crs ttined nerly 25 mm crpce width. The helthy juvenile with intct ppendges ws hrvested for further growth performnce tril. Design of experiment: The feeding tril ws performed in 9 2 plstic sins (0.26 m ) with wter volume of pproximtely 60 l. Ech sin ws ttched to recircultion io-filtering system. Ech sin contined 10 cm lyer of se snd t the ottom nd 15 cm of free wter surfce ove the snd lyer. The sndy sustrtum ws djusted to the culture condition for 15 dys efore strting the experiment. Stocking: In this study, totl of 54 juvenile (C30) crs were used nd ech sin ws stocked with six helthy intct juvenile 2 crs (24/ m ) with men initil wet weight of 2.46 g, crpce width 31.05 mm nd crpce length 15.74 mm. Experimentl feeds: In this experiment, three types of foods such s scd fish, squid ( Loligo sp.) nd Acetes shrimps were used nd these diets were chopped into pproximtely 1mm prticle size. Three replictes for ech tretment were rndomly ssigned. All the feeds were stored in freeze nd thwed efore eing fed to the juveniles. Assocition of Officil Anlyticl Chemists (AOAC, 1997) method ws followed to nlyze the proximte composition of the used foods (Tle 1). Feeding: The feeding mount ws pplied for 3 dys (efore strting the experiment) t 15%, 20% nd 25% of the totl ody weight of wet weight sis to determine the exct feeding required per dy. Twenty percent ws shown the est feed consumed performnce thn those of other two percentges. Susequently, during the experimentl period, the selected fresh frozen diets were fed for the first 15 dys t 20% of their totl wet ody weight nd djusted y 10% until the end of the culture period (Blio et l., 1999). The lue crs were fed mnully t erly morning (9.00.m.) nd lte fternoon (6.00 p.m.) dily. Wter qulity prmeter: The wter qulity prmeters tken for nlysis re slinity, temperture, ph nd dissolved oxygen, they were mesured once week with YSI 556 Multi-proe (USA); mmoni-nitrogen nd nitrite-nitrogen were mesured using commercil kit (API phrmceuticl test kit). Growth trils: Before stocking the crs in the culture tnk, the initil verge ody weight (g), crpce length (mm) nd width (mm) were recorded. Body weight, crpce width nd length of P. pelgicus were mesured fortnightly until the end of culture period using digitl lnce (0.01 g) nd digitl cliper (0.01 mm; Mitutoyo, Jpn), respectively. At the end of experiment, the finl ody weight gin (%), specific growth rte (SGR) (%), survivl rte (%), feed conversion rtio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE) (%) nd protein efficiency rtio (PER) of the P. pelgicus
Rering of Portunus pelgicus on different types of feed 873 were clculted for different tretments. An the end of the experiment, few crs were rndomly selected nd stored t -20 C for the whole-ody proximte composition nlysis. Whole-ody proximte composition: Biochemicl nlysis ws crried out following the stndrd procedures of AOAC (1997). Crude protein (N 6.25) ws determined using the Kjeldhl method fter n cid digestion using protein nlyzer Unit (2300 Kjeltec Anlyzer Unit, Foss Tector). Crude lipid ws determined y petroleum ether extrction using Soxtec system (Soxte System 2050 Foss Tector). Crude fier ws determined y utilizing fiertec system. Moisture ws determined y oven drying t 105 ºC for 24 hr; nd sh ws determined y muffle furnce t 600 C for 4 hr. Clcultions nd sttisticl nlysis : Finlly, dt nlyses were performed using the following stndrd formul: Weight gin (%) = SGR (%) = Tle 1 : Proximte composition of different diets given to Portunus pelgicus juvenile (% on dry sis) Protein retention % = (% finl ody protein content finl ody weight) - (%initil ody protein content initil ody weight) / totl feed x % protein diet 100 (Ishk et l., 2016) Lipid retention % = (% finl ody lipid content finl ody weight)- (% initil ody lipid content initil ody weight) / totl feed x % lipid diet 100 (Ismil et l., 2016) Proximte composition T1 (Scd fish) T2 (Squid) T3 ( Acetes shrimp) Moisture (%) 72.70±0.47 74.47±2.02 77.92±1.63 Protein (%) 83.33±1.01 75.41±0.46 56.74±0.94 Lipid (%) 4.76±0.35 3.14±0.15 3.27±0.02 Fier (%) 6.72±0.19 8.33±0.14 4.69±0.11 Ash (%) 4.52±0.09 4.56±0.03 9.92±0.41 *Moisture (%) on s weight sis Finl ody weight (g) - Initil ody weight (g) Initil ody weight (g) x 100 (Tin nd Drums, 2014) Finl ody weight (g) - Initil ody weight (g) Culture period (dy) x 100 (Ikhwnuddin et l., 2012) FCR = PER = FE (%) = Survivl rte (%) = Tle 2 : Wter qulity dt tken on weekly sis for culturing lue swimming ( Portunus pelgicus) cr juvenile fed with selected feed for 31dys Wter qulity prmeters Totl quntity of feed consumed (gm) Totl weight (gm) (Mheswrdue et l., 2008) Finl wet weight (gm) - Initil wet weight (gm) Ingested protein (Estefnell et l., 2011) Finl wet weight (gm) - Initil wet weight (gm) Feed intke per cr (g) x 100 (Estefnell et l., 2011) Totl numer of survivl cr Initil numer of stocked cr x 100 (Tlpur et l., 2011) Tretment T1 (Scd fish) T2 (Squid) T3( Acetes shrimp) Wter temperture ( C) 26.58±0.35 26.75±0.50 26.46±0.40-1 Dissolved oxygen (mg l ) 6.17±0.26 6.24±0.35 6.16±0.30 Slinity (ppt) 31.23±0.13 31.19±0.11 31.17±0.12 ph 7.88±0.03 7.91±0.04 7.90±0.4-1 Ammoni-nitrogen(mg l ) 0.33±0.12 0.27±0.13 1.21±0.50-1 Nitrite-nitrogen (mg l ) 0.02±0.07 0.04±0.10 0.63±0.50 All vlues represent men ±SD. Men vlues ering the different letters in the sme rows re significntly different (P<0.05)
874 S.M.S. Kohinoor et l. Tle 3 : Men (±SD) crpce length nd width, specific growth rte, feeding rte nd survivl of P. pelgicus juvenile fed with different fresh diets for 31 dys Tretment Prmeters T1 (Scd fish) T2 (Squid) T3 ( Acetes shrimp) Finl crpce width (mm) 53..69±3.32 68.02±3.51 51.19±3.76 Finl crpce length (mm) 26.93±1.69 34.11±1.78 25.70±1.89 Initil weight (g) 2.46±0.01 2.46±0.01 2.46±0.01 Finl weight (g) 10.38±1.66 19.77±1.05 10.10±2.29 Weight gin (g) 7.92±1.66 17.31±1.05 7.64±2.29 Weight gin (%) 321.95±67.49 703.52±42.87 310.43±93.10 SGR 25.55±5.36 55.83±3.40 24.63±7.38 FCR 3.94 ±0.89 2.79±0.64 6.22±0.89 PER 0.25±0.05 0.55±0.03 0.24±0.07 FE (%) 26.74±6.94 36.11±10.74 16.29±2.42 Survivl (%) 44.44±9.62 38.89±9.62 27.78±9.62 All vlues represent men ± SD. Different superscript letters within row denote significnt differences (p < 0.05); SGR= specific growth rte; FCR = feed conversion rtio; PER = protein efficiency rtio; FE (%) = feed efficiency Dt nlysis: All sttisticl nlysis were conducted using one wy ANOVA. The sttisticlly significnt mong the tretments were considered if the P vlue ws 0.05 (5% significnt level) using post-hoc Duncn's test. Results nd Discussion The wter qulity prmeters mesured throughout the experimentl period re presented in Tle 2. However, significnt mount of mmoni-n nd nitrite-n level ws oserved in Acetes shrimp. The other prmeters such s dissolved oxygen (DO), wter temperture, ph nd slinity were not significntly ffected y different diet tretments. Growth performnce, feed utiliztion nd survivl rte of P. pelgicus re presented in Tle 3. Crpce width nd length, weight gin, SGR (%) nd PER of P. pelgicus juvenile fed with squid were oserved significntly higher (P < 0.05) thn those fed the scd fish nd Acetes shrimps. The est FCR nd FE (%) were found significntly higher in squid diet, followed y fed with scd fish nd Acetes shrimp. Tle 4 : Whole ody composition (% on s dry sis) of P. pelgicus cr juvenile fed with three selected diets Proximte composition Initil cr juvenile T1 (Scd fish) T2 (Squid) T3 ( Acetes shrimp) Moisture (%) 58.04±0.33 58.08±0.34 58.76±0.09 58.12±0.17 Protein (%) 31.06±0.55 31.12±0.27 31.52±0.10 31.09±0.20 Lipid (%) 1.59±0.08 1.64±0.18 1.89±0.13 1.06±0.18 Fier (%) 7.33±1.06 6.45±0.19 6.40±0.63 7.24±0.21 Ash (%) 39.59±1.44 35.72±0.89 35.12±0.22 35.82±0.53 PR (%) 3.78±0.83 6.66±0.19 5.88±2.44 LR (%) 3.51±1.16 4.77±0.50 3.15±2.29 All vlues represent men ± SD. Men vlues ering the sme superscripts in the sme row re not significntly different (p > 0.05); PR (%) = protein retention; LR (%)= lipid retention; Moisture (%) on s weight sis Proximte composition (moisture, protein, lipid, fier nd sh) of P. pelgicus juvenile fed with different diets re shown in Tle 4. There were no significnt differences (P > 0.05) in moisture, fier nd sh of juveniles fed with selected diets. Lipid nd lipid retention were found highest (p<0.05) in juvenile cr fed with squid nd lowest in cr fed with Acetes shrimp. The highest protein (p>0.05) ws lso oserved in squid fed group, wheres the lowest in Acetes shrimp diet tretment. The recirculting system cn e potentilly used for intensive culture with limited pollutnt dischrge, therey incresing fish or crustcens production nd reducing wter usge s well s dverse environmentl impcts (Dvis nd Arnold, 1998). In the present study, the verge vlues of the physico-chemicl prmeters were found within suitle rnge reported y Seemn et l. (2015). After the dministrtion of different feed, the level of mmoni nd nitrite-nitrogen compound (p<0.05) were slightly different in Acetes shrimp diet tretment; it remined within cceptle rnges for growth nd survivl of P. pelgicus juvenile.
Rering of Portunus pelgicus on different types of feed 875 Severl reserchers hve given their efforts on developing rtificil diets on growth nd survivl rte of qutic orgnisms (Ctcutn, 1997; Soundrpndin, 2008). It ws found tht feeding efficiency, weight gin, SGR (%) nd growth of crpce width of P. pelgicus were significntly higher fed with squid diet. Soundrpndin et l. (2013) reported tht dietry protein is required t 20 to 60% for optimum growth of crustcens. Since ll feeds used in this study contined more thn minimum protein requirement of cr diet, for instnce scd fish 83.33%, squid 75.41% nd Acetes shrimp 56.74%, therefore, other fctors like digestiility hs lso led role in the feeding tril (Knzw et l., 1970). Squid mel is recognized s highly digestile diet for mny of the crustcen (Reigh, Brden nd Crig, 1990; Ctcutn, 1997). For this reson it hs een used s feed ingredient in this study. In this study, the crs weight gin ws directly not only influenced y protein content of the feeds ut lso it digestiility. This is in greement with the previous reports of Chywt et l., (2008) who reveled tht the crs fed with minced fish exhiited considerly higher weight gin nd specific rte thn crs fed with wet pellets nd lg (seweed) diet. They lso oserved tht the highest nd lowest growth of crs fed with fish nd seweed, respectively. This might e for low protein nd ft content of seweed. Crustce (2015) lso found similr results in different size groups of S. serrt. More or less similr growth rte ws lso otined in S. trnqueric fed with Acetes sp. incorported pellet feed nd clm met (Soundrpndin nd Murugesn, 2010). Chywt et l. (2009) in n nother study reported higher specific growth rte nd crpce width in lue swimming crs fed with mixed fish nd lue mussel compred to only red seweed. No significnt differences were oserved etween the crs fed with diet contining 48% protein nd control diet; however mximum growth ws oserved with the diets tht contined 50% totl crude protein (Sheen nd Wu, 1999). Lowest survivl ws recorded in cr fed Acetes shrimp; cnnilism is mjor cuse of low survivl of crustcens, so this tril is lso not exempted from the cse.. However, survivl ws improved y mintining individul crs in drkness per cultured unit in the present study s reported y severl reserchers (Celd et l., 1989; Mingw, 1994; Kevrekidis, 1996). The proximte composition of juvenile in the study were not ffected y rering techniques, except the crude lipid level which were significntly higher in squid compred to scd fish nd Acetes shrimp. Although the whole ody protein ws still high in squid fed group ut it ws not significnt mount, which is in greement with studies conducted on Portunus sp. (Gokoolu nd Yerliky, 2003), P. snguinolentus (Siddiquie et l., 1987), Scyll serrt (Sheen, 2000) nd Cllinectes spidus ( Frrgut, 1965). The overll results showed tht the etter wter qulity cn e mintined in the quculture system y RAS set up. The growth of crpce length, weight gin, SGR (%), PER nd FE (%) were found higher in crs, while they fed with squid diet thn the crs fed with scd fish nd Acetes shrimp, thus suggesting tht incorportion of squid mel in juvenile lue swimming cr mel my produce etter survivl nd growth. Acknowledgments The uthors re grteful to those who hve directly nd indirectly contriuted to this study, especilly to Coms stuff, Port Dickson. This study ws funded y grnt from Universiti Putr Mlysi (UPM, Project no. GP-IPB/2014/9440402). References Ahmed Ali, S.: Reltive efficiencies of pelletized feeds compounded with different niml proteins nd the effect of protein level on the growth of the prwn Peneus indicus. Proc. Symp. Costl Aquculture, 1, 321-328 (1982). 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