Supplementary Information S1 (table) Overview of histone core-modifications histone, residue/modification H1 H2A methylation acetylation phosphorylation formylation oxidation crotonylation hydroxylation ubiquitinylation succinylation butyrylation citrullination propionylation proposed function K46 1 K48 oxidative damage (formyl) 1,2 R54 chromatin compaction, transcription 3 K65 oxidative damage (formyl) 2,4 K66 oxidative damage (formyl) 2,4 Y73 4 K83 oxidative damage (formyl) 4 K87 oxidative damage (formyl) 4 K92 oxidative damage (formyl) 1,4 K99 1 K36 4,5 Y39 4 R42 4 K74 6 K75 6 R77 6 R88 4 K95 6 Q105 rdna transcription 7 Ref. 1
H2B H3 K20 transcription 4 K23 4 K30 S33 K34 oxidative damage (formyl) 2,4,8 Y37 4 K43 5 K46 oxidative damage (formyl) 2,5 K57 4 R79 4 Y83 4 K85 4 R99 4 Y41 transcription 9 R42 transcription 10 T45 apoptosis 11 transcription, replication, DNA and oxidative damage (formyl) 4, 12-15 K56 S57 16 R63 4 K64 transcription 4,6,17 transcription, oxidative damage K79 (formyl) 2,18-20 T80 mitosis 16 K122 R128 transcription, oxidative damage (formyl) 2,4,21 4 2
H4 K20 4 K31 oxidative damage (formyl) 2,4,22 R35 4 K44 22 S47 nucleosome assembly 23 Y51 4 R55 4 K59 oxidative damage (formyl) 2,4 R67 4 K77 4 K79 oxidative damage (formyl) 2,4 Y88 4 K91 replication, DNA damage 4 R92 4,6 References 1. Wisniewski, J. R., Zougman, A., Krüger, S. & Mann, M. Mass spectrometric mapping of linker histone H1 variants reveals multiple acetylations, methylations, and phosphorylation as well as differences between cell culture and tissue. Mol. Cell Proteomics 6, 72 87 (2007). 2. Jiang, T., Zhou, X., Taghizadeh, K., Dong, M. & Dedon, P. C. N-formylation of lysine in histone proteins as a secondary modification arising from oxidative DNA damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104, 60 65 (2007). 3. Christophorou, M. A. et al. Citrullination regulates pluripotency and histone H1 binding to chromatin. Nature 507, 104 108 (2014). 4. Tan, M. et al. Identification of 67 Histone Marks and Histone Lysine Crotonylation as a New Type of Histone Modification. Cell 146, 1016 1028 (2011). 5. Zhang, L., Eugeni, E. E., Parthun, M. R. & Freitas, M. A. Identification of novel histone post-translational modifications by peptide mass fingerprinting. Chromosoma 112, 77 86 (2003). 6. Freitas, M. A., Sklenar, A. R. & Parthun, M. R. Application of mass spectrometry to the identification and quantification of histone posttranslational modifications. J Cell Biochem 92, 691 700 (2004). 3
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