Impact of Lygus lineolaris Management on Biodiversity in Cotton IPM Jeff Gore, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS Don Cook Angus Catchot Fred Musser Roger Leonard Gus Lorenz Scott Stewart
Mid-South Cotton States Lygus spp. Control Costs - 29 Missouri 5.64 Tennessee Arkansas 2.18 7.28 Louisiana 29.25 54.16 3.4 Alabama Mississippi
6 Applications 12 Applications
Pyrethroid Discriminating Dose Bioassay Percent Survival 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Gordon Snodgrass, USDA-ARS, Stoneville Permethrin, 15 μg/vial, 3 hours 6.3 49.8 44.9 43.5 37.8 33.5 35.1 2 21 22 23 24 25 26
Acephate Resistance Survey Gordon Snodgrass, USDA-ARS, Stoneville Mean LC5 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 Resistant Locations 25 6 of 2 26 17 of 2 27 16 of 2 28 17 of 2 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
11 Tarnished Plant Bug Control Mid-South States 123 Tests Orthene and Bidrin Maximum Percent Control 1 9 8 7 6 5 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Data adapted from Arthropod Management Tests 1994-28
Insecticide Use Patterns Insecticide Use Patterns OP s Neonicotinoids Organophosphates OP + Pyrethroid Diamond Organophosphates Neonicotinoids + Pyrethroid Diamond Planting Neonicotinoid Seed Trts 1 st Square 1 st Flower Peak Flower Cutout DO NOT SPRAY
Insecticide Application Intervals Acephate - Acephate 4 Days 5 Days 6 Days 7 Days Nymphs / 6 ft (1.8 m) 25 2 15 1 5 23 Pre-treatment 4 DAT with Orthene (.5 lb) 8 1 1 7 2 12 1 8 6 4 2 Percent Pre-Test Counts Percent Control
Evolution of Insecticide Use Rates 1.2 Lb ai / A 1.8.6.4.2 Bidrin Acephate 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Percent Square Damage 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Tank Mixes Centric (2.5) Endigo (5) Trimax Pro (1.8) Leverage (5) Orthene (1) Orthene (.5) + Brigade (6.4) Non-treated bc d b c b c a
12 Foliar Insect Control: Mississippi 1 Cost ($ per Acre) 8 6 4 2 87 89 91 93 95 97 99 1 3 5 7 9
How has this impacted biodiversity in cotton? Secondary Pest Outbreaks: Cotton Aphids and Spider Mites Both are generally maintained at relatively low levels by natural enemies until the natural enemy complex is disrupted. Selection for resistance
Insecticide Applications 8 7 6 Lygus Aphids Number / A 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
Correlation Between Lygus Control and Aphid Control 1.2 1 r =.841 Aphid Applications.8.6.4.2 1 3.1 5.2 4.9 3.2 7.5 5.5 6.5 6 Lygus Applications
Cotton Aphid Leaf-Dip Bioassays 28-21 48 HAT 1 18.6-1234 LC5 (ppm) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 384 Fold Centric
25 Cotton Aphid Leaf-Dip Bioassays 28-21 72 HAT 2 8.1 Fold LC5 (ppm) 15 1 5 Centric
Foliar Aphid Control - 28 Angus Catchot - Grenada, MS 5 474 4 # / 5 Leaves 3 2 1 Check 281 Centric 2 oz + NIS 228 Centric 2 oz + 2.5% UAN 13.8 Intruder.8 oz Carbine 2 oz 53.5 51.3 Trimax Pro 1.8 oz 11.5 Transform 1.45 oz. Centric LC5 = 1.71 at 72h
Foliar Aphid Control - 21 Stoneville, MS # / 5 Leaves 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 A B C C D Check Centric (2) Intruder (1.1) Transform (.725) Transform (1.45) Centric LC5 = 17.71 at 72h
Foliar Aphid Control - 21 Angus Catchot - Grenada, MS 7 6 A AB # / 5 Leaves 5 4 3 2 BC C C D D 1 Check Centric (2.) Intruder (1.1) Belay (4.) Carbine (2.8) Transform (.725) Transform (1.5) Centric LC5 = 2.9 at 72h
1 Cotton Aphid Leaf-Dip Bioassays 28-21 72 HAT 8 LC5 (ppm) 6 4 2 1.7 Fold Carbine
Sulfoxaflor Sulfoxaflor is a member of a new chemical class of insecticides: Sulfoximines Discovered by and proprietary to Dow AgroSciences Sulfoxaflor is targeted for global development in all major crop groups Insecticide Class: Sulfoximine S Transform WG CF 3 N O NCN Rates:.75-1.5 oz./a
Cotton Aphid Leaf-Dip Bioassays 28-21 48 HAT 1 8 LC5 (ppm) 6 4 2 5.8 Fold Sulfoxaflor
1 Cotton Aphid Leaf-Dip Bioassays 28-21 72 HAT 8 LC5 (ppm) 6 4 2 4.5 Fold Sulfoxaflor
Insecticide Applications 8 7 6 Lygus Spider Mites Number / A 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
Spider Mite Applications 2 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.8.6.4.2 Insecticide Applications r =.9634 1 3.1 5.2 4.9 3.2 7.5 5.5 6.5 6 Lygus Applications
Insecticide Applications Lygus Acres Infested Acres Sprayed 8 12 7 6 1 Number / A 5 4 3 2 8 6 4 Percent 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
Insecticide Applications Number / A 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Lygus Sprays Mite Sprays 6 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1
Summary and Conclusions Tarnished plant bug is THE key pest of cotton in the Mississippi River Valley Resistance to pyrethroids and OP s is widespread Use rates have doubled over the last 1 years The number of applications has more than doubled
Summary and Conclusions Intense plant bug management is impacting other pests Cotton aphids are becoming resistant to the neonicotinoids Spider mites have become an important early to mid-season pest Natural enemy complexes are being disrupted
We are on the Pesticide Treadmill
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