Toshihiro OHKURA, Michiyo ONISHI, Makoto AONO, Takurou TAKECHI

2 11 28 Toshihiro HKURA, Michiyo NISHI, Makoto AN, Takurou TAKECHI An analytical method using liquid chromathography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) equipped with electrospray ionization (ESI) was demonstrated for the determination of polyphenols, such as anthocyanins (5 compounds), flavanones (5 compounds), flavones (8 compounds), flavonols (6 compounds), isoflavones (6 compounds) and anthraquinones (3 compounds), and furanocoumarins (4 compounds) in so-called health-promoting food. The HPLC eluted analytes within 26 min, and analytical cycle was 35 min by a sample. The sample was crushed, powdered with mortar, extracted with methanol and subjected to LC/MS/MS without hydrolysis. The limit of quantification of developed method was.1-7.µg/g(s/n=3) in sample. The recoveries of analytes ranged from 81 to 126, and the variations in reproducibility ranged from 1.2 to 9.9 and were acceptable for quantitative analysis. polyphenols, furanocoumarins, health-promoting food, liquid chromathography tandem mass spectrometry, LC/MS/MS 8234 2

LC/MS/MS 1 (LC/MS) Alliance 2695( )Quattro micro API( ). 2 2 3 ChromaDex,Inc.LKT Laboratories,Inc.Alfa AesarCayman ChemicalMP Biomedicals LC/MS N,N-DMF PTFE.2µmMini-UniPrep HPLCAscentis Express C18 (2.1mm i.d. 15mm, 2.7µm) (SUPELC) DMF 5µg/mL DMF RMilli-Q Gradient-A1 4 2mg 1mL DMF5µg/mL flavonol5µl5 4.5mL 535 PTFE.2µm 2µLLC/MS/MS 2 1 MS/MS LC/MS ESI MS/MS MS/MS MS.1(w/v) / (1/1).4mL/min.1µg/mL DMF1µL3MS 3MS M column Ascentis Express C18 (2.1mm i.d. 15mm, 2.7µm) (SUPELC) mobile phase A : CH 3 CN B :.5-HCH in H 2 C : H 2 A:B:C 15:2:65 (3min.) 6:2:2 (13min.) 76:1:14 (1523min.) 15:2:65 (23min.) flow rate.2ml/min ion source temp. 12 column temp. 3 desolvation temp. 35 injection volume 2L desorvation gas flow rate 6L/hr ionization mode cone gas flow rate 5L/hr acquisition mode MRM(MS/MS) capillary voltage 3.2kV 21

(MH) (M-2H) (M16) 6,7-dihydroxy bergamottin(mhc) bergapten, isopimpinellin, bergamottin ESI() MRM R.T Compound cone collision precursor product function (min.) (V) (ev) ( ) ( ) cyanidin-3-glucoside 25 2 449.11 287.6 1.99 petunidin-3-glucoside 3 2 479.12 317.7 1.96 1 pelargonidin-3-glucoside 3 2 433.11 271.6 2.26 peonidin-3-glucoside 3 2 463.12 31.7 2.37 malvidin-3-glucoside 3 25 493.13 331.8 2.35 daidzin 2 25 417.12 255.7 3.63 2 glycitin 2 2 447.13 285.8 3.97 luteolin-3',7-diglucoside 45 4 611.16 287.6 4.49 vitexin 35 3 433.11 313.7 6.34 3 rutin 2 15 611.16 33.5 6.4 hyperoside 2 2 465.1 33.5 6.86 genistin 2 15 433.11 271.6 8.1 astragalin 2 15 449.11 287.6 1. quercitrin 2 15 449.11 33.5 1.7 naringin 2 15 581.19 273.8 1.23 4 cosmetin 2 15 433.11 271.6 1.37 rhoifolin 2 15 579.17 271.6 1.23 diosmin 35 5 69.18 31.7 1.4 neohesperidin 2 2 611.2 33.8 1.55 hesperidin 2 2 611.2 33.8 1.93 daidzein 5 25 255.7 199.8 12.1 5 glycitein 45 3 285.8 27.5 12.42 luteolin 55 35 287.6 153.2 12.65 quercetin 5 4 33.5 153.2 12.75 genistein 4 25 271.6 243.7 13.88 naringenin 2 25 273.8 153.2 13.93 6 apigenin 55 3 271.6 153.2 13.86 kaempferol 5 35 287.6 153.2 14.12 hesperetin 2 15 33.8 177.2 14.36 bergapten 35 25 217.5 22.3 15.49 isopimpinellin 4 25 247.6 217.1 15.51 6,7-dihydroxy bergamottin 2 2 373.17 23.3 15.9 7 rhein 45 2 285.4 241.5 16.49 chrysin 35 3 255.7 153.2 16.72 purpurin 35 25 257.4 187.4 17.3 flavonol (I.S.) 35 3 239.7 165.6 18.64 emodin 4 2 271.6 229.5 18.96 8 bergamottin 2 15 339.16 23.3 25.1 ionization mode ESI() ESI() scan range () 7 7 ion source temp. desolvation temp. 35 35 desolvation gs flow rate 6L/hr 6L/hr cone gas flow rate 5L/hr 5L/hr capillary voltage 3.2kV 3.kV cone voltage 25V 45V 22

H H H H Anthocyanin Flavanone Cyanidin-3-glucoside H H -glucose Hesperetin H CH3 H Petunidin-3-glucoside H CH3 -glucose Hesperidin H CH3 -rutinose Pelargonidin-3-glucoside H H -glucose Naringenin H H H Peonidin-3-glucoside CH3 H -glucose Naringin H H -neohesperidose Malvidin-3-glucoside CH3 CH3 -glucose Neohesperidin H CH3 -neohesperidose R5 R4 H Flavone R4 R5 Apigenin H H H H H Vitexin H H H H glucose Cosmetin H H H -glucose H Chrysin H H H H H Diosmin H CH3 H -rutinose H Luteolin H H H H H Luteolin-3,7-diglucoside -glucose H H -glucose H Rhoifolin H H H -neohesperidose H R4 R5 R4 H Flavonol R4 R5 Isoflavone R4 Astragalin H H H -glucose H Daidzein H H H H Hyperoside H H H -galactose H Genistein H H H H Kaempferol H H H H H Glycitein H H CH3 H Quercetin H H H H H Daidzin H H H -glucose Quercitrin H H H -rhamnose H Genistin H H H -glucose Rutin H H H -rutinose H Glycitin H H CH3 -glucose R5 H (-C9H15) R4 Anthraquinone R4 R5 Furanocoumarin Purupurin H H H H H Bergapten H CH3 Emodin H CH3 H H H Isopimpinellin CH3 CH3 Rhein H CH H H H Bergamottin H -C9H15 6,7-Dihydroxybergamottin H -C9H15(H)2 23

MS/MS 4 37 34 MS/MS 2 HPLC HPLC / 1576 26 35 MS/MS LC/MS ESI cyanidin-3-glu 1ppm 6,7-dihydroxy cyanidin-3-glu 6,7-dihydroxy bergamottin bergamottin 1ppm 8782 119 (2.392) Cm (114:13-62:83) 1: Scan ES 87814 96 (2.438) Cm (95:17-67:78) 2: Scan ES 151 5.47e5 155 M 115 5.34e5 135 196 449 373 [MH] 8782 114 (2.31) Cm (19:126-66:82) 2: Scan ES- 173 1.11e5 [M-2H] [M16] 147 189 447 465 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 87814 97 (2.448) Cm (97:17-72:81) 1: Scan ES- 417 1.93e5 113 [MHC] 417 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 hesperidin 1ppm bergamottin hesperidin bergamottin 1ppm 873 93 (2.377) Cm (92:-13:142) 2: Scan ES 87813 99 (2.498) Cm (99:17-73:8) 2: Scan ES 151 6.62e5 339 152 183 [MH] 1.5e6 [MH] 611 873 89 (2.286) Cm (8:97-151:169) 1: Scan ES- 173 [M-H] 1.59e5 69 187 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 87813 95 (2.47) Cm (95:12-62:69) 1: Scan ES- 1.5e6 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 astragalin astragalin 1ppm bergapten 1ppm bergapten 87718 146 (2.936) Cm (145:16-113:125) 1: Scan ES 87811 95 (2.417) Cm (95:14-(77:84117:121)) 2: Scan ES 115 2.69e5 116 287 [MH] 143 449 217 [MH] 1.49e6 115 87718 143 (2.886) Cm (141:158-116:128) 2: Scan ES- 87811 92 (2.347) Cm (91:-57:7) 1: Scan ES- 447 1.93e5 [M-H] 1.49e6 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 15 2 25 3 35 4 45 24

.5.1.5.1.2(w/v)LC/MS/MS 4 5 pelargonidin-3-glukaempferolglycitein.5.1(5-(a)) Anthocyanin Flavanone Flavone Flavonol Isoflavone Anthra quinone Furano coumarin Compound M.F. cone (V) collision (ev) ESI() precursor ( ) product ( ) cone (V) collision (ev) ESI() precursor ( ) product ( ) cyanidin-3-glucoside C 21 H 21 11 25 2 449.11 287.6 5 25 447.9 285.4 petunidin-3-glucoside C 22 H 23 12 3 2 479.12 317.7 45 3 477.1 314.4 pelargonidin-3-glucoside C 21 H 21 1 3 2 433.11 271.6 4 2 431.1 269.4 peonidin-3-glucoside C 22 H 23 11 3 2 463.12 31.7 5 2 461.11 299.6 malvidin-3-glucoside C 23 H 25 12 3 25 493.13 331.8 55 2 491.12 329.7 hesperetin C 16 H 14 6 2 15 33.8 177.2 4 25 31.7 164.1 hesperidin C 28 H 34 15 2 2 611.2 33.8 45 35 69.18 31.7 naringenin C 15 H 12 5 2 25 273.8 153.2 4 2 271.6 151. naringin C 27 H 32 14 2 15 581.19 273.8 45 3 579.17 271.6 neohesperidin C 28 H 34 15 2 2 611.2 33.8 45 35 69.18 31.7 apigenin C 15 H 1 5 55 3 271.6 153.2 55 25 269.4 151. vitexin C 21 H 2 1 35 3 433.11 313.7 45 25 431.1 311.6 cosmetin C 21 H 2 1 2 15 433.11 271.6 55 35 431.1 268.4 chrysin C 15 H 1 4 35 3 255.7 153.2 5 3 253.5 143.1 diosmin C 28 H 32 15 35 5 69.18 31.7 45 25 67.17 299.6 luteolin C 15 H 1 6 55 35 287.6 153.2 55 3 285.4 133.3 luteolin-3',7-diglucoside C 27 H 3 16 45 4 611.16 287.6 55 4 69.15 285.4 rhoifolin C 27 H 3 14 2 15 579.17 271.6 55 35 577.16 269.4 astragalin C 21 H 2 11 2 15 449.11 287.6 45 25 447.9 284.3 hyperoside C 21 H 2 12 2 2 465.1 33.5 5 25 463.9 3.3 kaempferol C 15 H 1 6 5 35 287.6 153.2 55 3 285.4 187. quercetin C 15 H 1 7 5 4 33.5 153.2 45 2 31.3 151. quercitrin C 21 H 2 11 2 15 449.11 33.5 45 3 447.9 3.3 rutin C 27 H 3 16 2 15 611.16 33.5 55 35 69.15 3.3 daidzein C 15 H 1 4 5 25 255.7 199.8 55 3 253.5 28.5 genistein C 15 H 1 5 4 25 271.6 243.7 55 3 269.4 133.3 glycitein C 16 H 12 5 45 3 285.8 27.5 4 2 283.6 268.3 daidzin C 21 H 2 9 2 25 417.12 255.7 5 25 415.1 252.4 genistin C 21 H 2 1 2 15 433.11 271.6 5 25 431.1 268.3 glycitin C 22 H 22 1 2 2 447.13 285.8 5 3 445.1 282.5 purpurin C 14 H 8 5 35 25 257.4 178.4 55 25 255.3 227.3 emodin C 15 H 1 5 4 2 271.6 229.5 55 25 269.4 225.2 rhein C 15 H 8 6 45 2 285.4 241.5 25 2 283.2 239.3 bergapten C 12 H 8 4 35 25 217.5 22.3 isopimpinellin C 13 H 1 5 4 25 247.6 217.1 bergamottin C 21 H 22 4 2 15 339.16 23.3 6,7-dihydroxy bergamottin C 21 H 24 6 2 2 373.17 23.3 2 2 417.15 21.2 25

poly_mix4 5ppb IS 1-Aug-2917:4:35 9812 1: MRMof 5 Channels ES 433.11 > 271.6 1.2e5 2.34 1.51.5 1. 1.5 2. 2.5 3. 3.5 4. 4.5 5. 981 1: MRMof 5 Channels ES 433.11 > 271.6 2.27 1.2e5 1.51.5 1. 1.5 2. 2.5 3. 3.5 4. 4.5 5. 988 1: MRMof 5 Channels ES 433.11 > 271.6 2.2 1.2e5 1.51.5 1. 1.5 2. 2.5 3. 3.5 4. 4.5 5. 986 1: MRMof 5 Channels ES 2.11 433.11 > 271.6 1.2e5 1.53.5 1. 1.5 2. 2.5 3. 3.5 4. 4.5 5. 984 1: MRMof 5 Channels ES 2.5 433.11 > 271.6 1.2e5 1.53.5 1. 1.5 2. 2.5 3. 3.5 4. 4.5 5. 982 1: MRMof 5 Channels ES 433.11 > 271.6 3.27 1.2e5 1.97 3.61 Time.5 1. 1.5 2. 2.5 3. 3.5 4. 4.5 5..2.1.5.1 (a) pelargonidin-3-glu (b) kaempferol (c) glycitein.5 poly_mix4 5ppb IS 1-Aug-2917:4:35 9812 6: MRMof 6 Channels ES 287.6 > 153.2.2 14.33 13.6 13.8 14. 14.2 14.4 14.6 14.8 15. 15.2 15.4 981 6: MRMof 6 Channels ES 287.6 > 153.2 14.33 13.6 13.8 14. 14.2 14.4 14.6 14.8 15. 15.2 15.4 988 6: MRMof 6 Channels ES 287.6 > 153.2 14.33 13.6 13.8 14. 14.2 14.4 14.6 14.8 15. 15.2 15.4 986 6: MRMof 6 Channels ES 14.35 287.6 > 153.2 13.6 13.8 14. 14.2 14.4 14.6 14.8 15. 15.2 15.4 984 6: MRMof 6 Channels ES 14.29 287.6 > 153.2 13.6 13.8 14. 14.2 14.4 14.6 14.8 15. 15.2 15.4 982 6: MRMof 6 Channels ES 287.6 > 153.2.1.5.1.5 Time 13.6 13.8 14. 14.2 14.4 14.6 14.8 15. 15.2 15.4 poly_mix4 5ppb IS 1-Aug-2917:4:35 9812 5: MRMof 5 Channels ES 285.8 > 27.5 12.58 11.6 11.8 12. 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13. 13.2 13.4 981 5: MRMof 5 Channels ES 285.8 > 27.5 12.58 11.6 11.8 12. 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13. 13.2 13.4 988 5: MRMof 5 Channels ES 285.8 > 27.5 12.56 11.6 11.8 12. 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13. 13.2 13.4 986 5: MRMof 5 Channels ES 285.8 > 27.5 12.58 11.6 11.8 12. 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13. 13.2 13.4 984 5: MRMof 5 Channels ES 285.8 > 27.5 12.53 11.6 11.8 12. 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13. 13.2 13.4 982 5: MRMof 5 Channels ES 12.58 285.8 > 27.5.2.1.5.1.5 Time 11.6 11.8 12. 12.2 12.4 12.6 12.8 13. 13.2 13.4 hesperetin, narigenin, luteolin astragalinbergamottin (5-(b)) (5-(c)).1(w/v) 3 LC/MS/MS MS/MSHPLC LC/MS/MS 2 MS/MS 8 flavonol(3-hydroxyflavon) flavonol flavonol 2ppm 972136 872 (18.6) Cm (872:874-863:866) [MH] 2: Scan ES H 239 3.11e7 12 14 16 18 2 22 24 26 28 3 HPLCflavonol flavonol 6flavonolMS 4 flavonol(5µg/l) (1µg/L)flavonol 5 (r 2 ) quercetin, daidzein, glycitein, rhein1µg/l.9941. quercetinrhein (S/N=3)25µg/Lµg/L (r 2 ).993 26

daidzein, glycitein2µg/l 1µg/L(r 2 ).978 2µg/L.36.5(n=4) (S/N=3) 2 25µg/L (µg/l)lc/ms/ms 7 5 2 Anthocyanin Flavanone Flavone Flavonol Isoflavone Anthra quinone Furano coumarin Compound conc. (µg/l) r 2 RSD() (2µg/L) (n=4) limit of quant. (µg/l) (S/N:3) cyanidin-3-glucoside 1-.9994 1.4 5 petunidin-3-glucoside 1-.9992 1.6 1 pelargonidin-3-glucoside 1-.9983 1.3 7 peonidin-3-glucoside 1-.9982 1.5 2 malvidin-3-glucoside 1-.9988 2.8 3 hesperetin 1-.9999 2.3 6 hesperidin 1-1. 5. 1 naringenin 1-.9992 2.5 8 naringin 1-.9998 1.2 4 neohesperidin 1-.9998 3.4 25 apigenin 1-.9994 1.6 5 vitexin 1-.9998 4.4 3 cosmetin 1-.9993 1.8 5 chrysin 1-.9999 2.9 5 diosmin 1-.9998 3.6 15 luteolin 1-.9998.3 2 luteolin-3',7-diglucoside 1-.9998 2.9 2 rhoifolin 1-.9998 2.8 8 astragalin 1-.9995 4.7 15 hyperoside 1-.9982 5.2 5 kaempferol 1-.9968 1.4 5 quercetin 5-.9929-25 quercitrin 1-.9971 4.6 5 rutin 1-.9987 3.5 6 daidzein 1-5.9876 2.1 3 genistein 1-.9995 3.6 15 glycitein 1-2.9954 1.3 3 daidzin 1-.999.9 7 genistin 1-1. 2. 1 glycitin 1-.9999 1.1 6 purpurin 1-.9945 5.9 emodin 1-.9991 2.3 2 rhein 5-.9926 2.4 bergapten 1-.9989 1.7 2 isopimpinellin 1-.9988 1.8 2 bergamottin 1-.9988 2.4 2. 6,7-dihydroxy bergamottin 1-.9997 6.5 2 DMF 6.2µg1µg 6LC/MS/MS 8.2µg83.7142.91µg 81.2126..2µg2.534.31µg1.29.9 Intensity Intensity poly_mix4 ppb IS 25-Jul-291:6:4 972427 8: MRMof 1 Channel ES 339.16 > 23.3 1.61e5 Sa6 HF24 2ngIS 25-Jul-292:53:32 972415 8: MRMof 1 Channel ES 339.16 > 23.3 1.38e5 Std.Soln. µg/l 2. 4. 6. 8. 1. 12. 14. 16. 18. 2. 22. 24. 26. Time Sample admixed with std..2µg I.S. I.S. 2. 4. 6. 8. 1. 12. 14. 16. 18. 2. 22. 24. 26. Time 25.15 25.16 27

naringinvitexinkaempferol quercetin.2µg 1µg (S/N=3).1.µg/g (37)LC/MS/MS Anthocyanin Flavanone Flavone Flavonol Isoflavone Anthra quinone Furano coumarin Compound.2µg (n=6) Rec. () RSD () Sample:2mg 1µg (n=6) limit of quant. Rec. RSD (µg/g) () () (S/N:3) cyanidin-3-glucoside 83.7 5.1 81.2 2.6.3 petunidin-3-glucoside 18.3 3.4 97.9 3..3 pelargonidin-3-glucoside 93. 3.1 9.9 2.8.3 peonidin-3-glucoside 112.3 5.6 16.2 2.3.5 malvidin-3-glucoside 113.6 2.9 17.6 3.4.8 hesperetin 12.8 3.4 97.6 2.7.3 hesperidin 99.8 1.8 94.7 3.9.3 naringenin 19.1 3.7 13.1 2.5.3 naringin 99. 13.5 92.6 4.8 1. neohesperidin 96. 6. 93.7 4.7.5 apigenin 127.2 2.5 114.4 2.6.1 vitexin 134.8 9.8 115.1 5.1.8 cosmetin 113.6 4.7 16.6 3.2.3 chrysin 117.9 3.3 17. 2.1.1 diosmin 17.7 2.9 97.9 2.7.4 luteolin 11.2 7.9 18.5 4.7.5 luteolin-3',7-diglucoside 99.5 4. 96.6 2.9.5 rhoifolin 13.6 4.9 97.3 2.7.3 astragalin 18.3 7.2 99.8 2.7.4 hyperoside 96.2 3.2 93. 4.8 1.5 kaempferol 92.8 12.4 14. 2.1 1.5 quercetin 15.6 28.8 126. 8.9 7. quercitrin 95.6 7.6 11. 1.9 1.3 rutin 135.2 7.5 16.5 2.9 1.3 daizdein 127. 2.6 13.5 1.9.1 genistein 127.4 6.4 111.8 5.4.5 glycitein 142.9 3.4 16.7 2.6.1 daidzin 123.3 3.9 112. 1.2.3 genistin 18.5 5.3.9 2.3.3 glycitin 126. 3.5 118.2 2.3.3 purpurin 113. 34.3 94.4 7. 2.5 emodin 112.9 12.6 13.7 4.3.5 rhein 128.4 32.8 93.3 9.9 2.5 bergapten 131.5 4. 11.1 2.7.1 isopimpinellin 141.7 2.5 122. 1.9.1 bergamottin 99. 3.3 92.4 2..1 6,7-dihydroxybergamottin 123.3 7.9 18.8 4.4.5 1 3734 MS/MS 2 HPLC DS.1(w/v)/ 3 -LC/MS/MSflavonol 37 (S/N=3) 225µg/L 4 5 81126 1.29.9 6 (S/N=3).17.µg/g 1) :, (26.5.11) 2) :, 27, 454 3) :, (27), () 4) Merken H. M. et al: J. Agric. Food Chem., 48, 577-599 (2) 5) Dugo P. et al: J. Agric. Food Chem., 49, 3987-3992 (21) 6) Sakakibara H. et al: J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 571-581 (23) 7) Wu Q. et al: J. Agric. Food Chem., 52, 2763-2769 (24) 8) Klejdus B. et al: J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 5848-5852 (25) 9) Harnly J. M. et al: J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 9966-9977 (26) 1) Schmiedlin-Ren P. et al: Drug Metab. Dispos., 25, 1228-1233 (1997) 11) Paine M.F. et al: Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 83, 197-115 (26) 28