Analele IBNA vol. 23, 2007 29 Comparative studies on the quality of buffalo milk from different areas of Romania Margareta Olteanu, L. Vidu, 2 Rodica Diana Criste National Research Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition Balotesti; 2 University of Agricultural ciences and Veterinary Medicine - Bucharest UMMARY Because the milk nutrients are in optimal levels, the milk is assimilated by the organism better than any other food. It can be consumed fresh or as dairy products enhancing the strength of the organism to infections and intoxications and improving the health state of the population. This paper evaluates the quality of the buffalo milk from three areas of Romania: Bistrita Nasaud (BN), ibiu () and atu Mare (M), by determining the physical and chemical parameters of the milk: density, protein, fat and lactose. The average values on milk density (g/ml):.02(bn);.08() and 0.97(M), and on milk protein (g/ml): 4.524(BN); 4.4545() and 4.28(M) were not significantly different (P<0.05) between the three areas of Romania. ignificant differences (P<0.05) were observed, however, in milk fat average values (g/00ml): 8.524(BN); 7.88() and 8.5(M), between the samples collected from ibiu-atu Mare and ibiu-bistrita Nasaud, and for lactose average values: 5.785(BN), 4.30() and 4.82(M), between the samples collected from Bistrita-ibiu, and Bistrita-atu Mare, respectively. Keywords: quality, buffalo milk, chemical composition. INTRODUCTION Milk was used from the most ancient times as basic food by the people because its nutrients are in optimal levels, which make the milk better assimilable than any other food, either fresh or as dairy products. UK researchers established that the buffalo milk contains 58% more calcium, 40% more proteins and 43% less cholesterol than the cow milk. Table shows the chemical composition of the buffalo milk compared to the milk from other species reared in the Great Britain. (LONG LIFE BUFFALO MILK) A study by tephanie Clark, Ph.D., assistant professor at the Dept. of Food ervices and Human Nutrition, Washington tate University (2007), showed that children below the age of one year should not be given cow, goat or soymilk because of their low iron content and of the different composition of their protein compared to the human milk.
30 Margareta Olteanu. Table. Chemical composition of the milk from different ruminant animals % Nutrients MU Cow Goat heep Buffalo Proteins g 3.2 3. 5.4 4.5 Fat g 3.9 3.5.0 8.0 Carbohydrates g 4.8 4.4 5. 4.9 Energy K cal K J 275 0 253 95 39 0 43 Lactose g 4.8 4.4 5. 4.9 aturated fatty acids Monounsaturated fatty acids Polyunsaturated fatty acids g g g 2.4. 0. 2.3 0.8 0. 3.8.5 0.3 4.2.7 0.2 Cholesterol mg 4 0 8 Calcium mg 20 00 70 95 Table 2 shows comparative data on the nutrient value in the human milk and in the milk from different animal species, compared to the infant requirement between 0- months of age. Table 2 Comparative data on nutrient value (tephanie Clark, Ph.D, 2007) Mother Goat Infant requirement Cow milk milk milk 0- months Water, g% 87.5 88.0 87.0 80 Proteins, g%.0 3.3 3. 2.0 Carbohydrates, g%.9 4.7 4.5 7.0 Fat, g% 4.4 3.3 4.. Energy (kcal) 70 9 0 In a rational feeding, the three feeding principles must be supplied in balanced proportions, observing a ::4 ratio of protein/sugars/lipids ratio. The diet must also satisfy a given Ca/P ratio (> for children, = for pregnant or nursing women and 0.3-0.8 for adults in general), a 2-2.5 Ca/Mg ratio and a proper supply of vitamins and minerals depending on the age and physiological state of the organism (Banu, 2002). MATERIAL AND METHOD This paper evaluates the quality of the buffalo milk from three areas of Romania: Bistrita Nasaud (BN), ibiu () and atu Mare (M). The 9 samples were collected during February-March as follows: Bistrita-Nasaud (5 samples), ibiu (25 samples) and atu Mare (29 samples). The following physical and chemical determinations were performed: density with a milk densitometer, protein - Kjeldahl method with Tecator, fat ether extraction with Tecator lactose iodometric titration.
Analele IBNA vol. 23, 2007 3 The analytical methods we used were in agreement with the Romanian standards (TA) and with the international standards (IO, AOAC). The data strings on the fatty acids were processed statistically with Origin. and tar View REULT AND DICUION Table 3 shows that the chemical composition of the buffalo milk from all three regions of Romania are in agreement with the literature data. Table 3 Comparative data on the chemical composition of the buffalo milk Density g/ml Protein g%ml Fat g%ml Lactose g%ml LONG LIFE BUFFALO MILK- 4.5 8 4.9 Great Britain Tafta et al., 997 4.5 8 5 Banu., 2002 5 8 5.2 Bistrita Nasaud average value.02 ±0.003 4.524 ±0.5 8.524 ±0.79 5.785 ±0.299 ibiu - average value.08 ±0.003 4.454 ±0.8 7.88 ±0.79 4.32 ±0.35 atu Mare - average value 0.98 ±0.032 4.28 ±0.048 8.5 ±.2 4.82 ±0.232 The highest average density (.02 ±0.003 g/ml) was noticed in the milk from Bistrita-Nasaud (fig. ); no significant differences (P<0.05) were observed between the data strings. The Bistrita-Nasaud sample also displayed the most homogenous range of values for milk density (fig. 2). (g / m l),2 0,8 0, 0,4 0,2 0 D E N ITA TE A B N M,2,8,,4,2 0 Bistrita_Nasaud ibiu atu_mare Fig. Fig. 2 Independent t-test on Data col(bn) and col(): Independent t-test on Data col() and col(m): ------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------ BN.02 0.003 5.084 0.003 25.084 0.003 25 M 0.975 0.032 29 are NOT significantly different
32 Margareta Olteanu. Independent t-test on Data col(b) and col(m): ----------------------------------------------------------- BN.02 0.003 5 M 0.975 0.032 29 The data strings on protein (Fig. 3) too, show no significant differences P<0.05) between the samples from: Bistrita Nasaud 4.524± 0.79 g%ml; ibiu 7.88±0.79; and atu Mare 8.5±.2 g%ml. Independent t-test on Data col(bn) and col(): -------------------------------------------------------- BN 4.524 0.5 5 4.454 0.8 25 Independent t-test on Data col() and col(m): --------------------------------------------------- 4.454 0.8 25 M 4.28 0.048 29 are NOT significantly different Independent t-test on Data col(bn) and col(m): ------------------------------------------------------------ BN 4.524 0.5 5 M 4.28 0.048 29 are NOT significantly different In terms of homogeneity, the samples from ibiu were the least homogenous (fig. 4). ( g / 00ml) 5,00 4,00 3,00 2,00,00 0,00 PROTEINA Fig. 3 Fig. 4 BN M 8 7,5 7,5 5,5 5 4,5 4 3,5 3 BN ibiu atu Mare ignificant differences (P<0.05) between the average values of the milk fat (Fig. 5), were noticed between the samples from ibiu: 7.88 ± 0.79 g% ml and the samples from the other two regions: atu Mare 8.5±.2g%mL and Bistrita Nasaud 8.524 ± 0.79 g%ml). The series of samples collected from atu Mare was the least homogenous (fig. ).
Analele IBNA vol. 23, 2007 33 ( g / 00ml ) 0,00 8,00,00 4,00 2,00 0,00 GRAIMEA BN M BN ibiu atu Mare Fig. 5 Fig. grasime 0,5 0 9,5 9 8,5 8 7,5 7,5 5,5 Independent t-test on Data col(bn) and col(): --------------------------------------------------------- BN 8.524 0.79 5 7.87 0.79 25 are significantly different. Independent t-test on Data col() and col(m): ------------------------------------------------------ 7.87 0.79 25 M 8.54.20 29 are significantly different. Independent t-test on Data col(bn) and col(m): ------------------------------------------------------------ BN 8.524 0.79 5 M 8.54.20 29 ignificant differences (P<0.05) of the lactose level were observed between the milk samples from Bistrita Nasaud (5.785 ±0.299 g%ml) and ibiu (4.32 ±0.35), and between the samples from Bistrita Nasaud anfd atu Mare (4.82 ±0.232 g%ml). Independent t-test on Data col(bn) and col(): ---------------------------------------------------- BN 5.784 0.299 5 4.32 0.35 25 are significantly different. Independent t-test on Data col() and col(m): ---------------------------------------------------- 4.32 0.35 25 M 4.820 0.232 29 Independent t-test on Data col(bn) and col(m): ---------------------------------------------------------- BN 5.784 0.299 5 M 4.820 0.232 29 ---------------------------------------------------------- are significantly different.
34 Margareta Olteanu. In terms of data string homogeneity, the series of samples collected from ibiu were the least homogenous. ( g/ 00ml ) 5 4 3 2 0 LACTOZA BN M Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Lactoza 8 7 5 4 3 2 BN M CONCLUION Due to its higher level of protein and calcium, in particular, and due to its lower level of cholesterol, the buffalo milk is preferred to the cow milk on the market of healthy foods. The milk samples collected from the three regions of Romania differentiated first by the milk fat: ibiu-bistrita Nasaud, and ibiu- atu Mare, respectively and by the lactose level: Bistrita Nasaud-ibiu and Bistrita Nasaud-atu Mare, respectively. REFERENCE -49; Catalogul standardelor Romane, 2005, Ed Tehnica, elaborat de catre Asociatia de tandardizare din Romania; Catalogue of International Organization for tandardization (IO); Paris, pg. 258-2; Lucrarea,,Buffalo Milk from Britain publicata in revista LONG LIFE BUFFALO MILK, pe site-ul info@buffalomilk.co.uk ; tephanie Clark, Ph.D (2007) Comparing Milk: Human, Cow, Goat & Commercial Infant Formula; Tafta V, Vintila I., Zamfirescu tela (997) Productia, ameliorarea si reproductia ovinelor, pg 4