ICD-10 ESSENTIALS Applying ICD-10-CM Guidelines Illustrated guide and practical examples of ICD-10-CM coding guidelines and conventions 2020 Power up your coding optum360coding.com
Contents Case Studies...vii Case Studies (Alphabetical Listing)...xv Figures...xxiii Tables... xxv Introduction... 1 How to Use ICD-10 Essentials: Applying ICD-10-CM Guidelines... 1 ICD-10-CM Guideline... 2 Illustrations... 2 AHA Coding Clinic... 3 Practical Application for Guidelines... 4 Beyond the Guidelines... 5 Official ICD-10-CM Resources... 5 10 Steps to Correct Coding... 7 Follow the 10 steps below to correctly code encounters for health care services.... 7 Official Coding and Reporting Guidelines: Section I.A. Conventions for the ICD-10-CM... 13 A. Conventions for the ICD-10-CM...13 Official Coding and Reporting Guidelines: Section I.B. General Coding Guidelines... 19 B. General Coding Guidelines...19 Chapter 1: Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (A00 B99)... 25 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections (I.C.1.a)...26 Infectious Agents As the Cause of Diseases Classified to Other Chapters (I.C.1.b)...39 Infections Resistant to Antibiotics (I.C.1.c)...40 Sepsis, Severe Sepsis, and Septic Shock (I.C.1.d)...42 Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Conditions (I.C.1.e)...66 Zika Virus Infections (I.C.1.f)...70 Chapter 2: Neoplasms (C00 D49)... 73 General Guidelines...75 Treatment Directed At the Malignancy (I.C.2.a)...82 Treatment of Secondary Site (I.C.2.b)...83 Coding and Sequencing of Complications (I.C.2.c)...85 Primary Malignancy Previously Excised (I.C.2.d)...91 Admissions/Encounters Involving Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy and Radiation Therapy (I.C.2.e)...94 Admission/Encounter to Determine Extent of Malignancy (I.C.2.f)...100 Symptoms, Signs, and Abnormal Findings Listed in Chapter 18 Associated with Neoplasms (I.C.2.g)...102 Admission/Encounter for Pain Control/Management (I.C.2.h)...103 Malignancy in Two or More Noncontiguous Sites (I.C.2.i)...104 Disseminated Malignant Neoplasm, Unspecified (I.C.2.j)...106 Malignant Neoplasm Without Specification of Site (I.C.2.k)...107 Sequencing of Neoplasm Codes (I.C.2.l)...108 Current Malignancy Versus Personal History of Malignancy (I.C.2.m)...115 Leukemia, Multiple Myeloma, and Malignant Plasma Cell Neoplasms in Remission Versus Personal History (I.C.2.n)...117 Aftercare Following Surgery for Neoplasm (I.C.2.o)...119 Follow-up Care for Completed Treatment of a Malignancy (I.C.2.p)...120 2019 Optum360, LLC iii
Contents ICD-10 Essentials: Applying ICD-10-CM Guidelines Prophylactic Organ Removal for Prevention of Malignancy (I.C.2.q)... 122 Malignant Neoplasm Associated with Transplanted Organ (I.C.2.r)... 124 Chapter 3: Disease of the Blood and Blood-forming Organs and Certain Disorders Involving the Immune Mechanism (D50 D89)...127 Chapter 4: Endocrine, Nutritional, and Metabolic Diseases (E00 E89)...129 Diabetes Mellitus (I.C.4.a)... 131 Chapter 5: Mental, Behavioral, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (F01 F99)...155 Pain Disorders Related to Psychological Factors (I.C.5.a)... 156 Mental and Behavioral Disorders Due to Psychoactive Substance Use (I.C.5.b)... 158 Factitious Disorder (I.C.5.c)... 167 Chapter 6: Diseases of the Nervous System (G00 G99)...173 Dominant/Nondominant Side (I.C.6.a)... 174 Pain Category G89 (I.C.6.b)... 178 Chapter 7: Diseases of the Eye and Adnexa (H00 H59)...195 Glaucoma (I.C.7.a)... 196 Blindness (I.C.7.b)... 205 Chapter 8: Diseases of the Ear and Mastoid Process (H60 H95)...215 Chapter 9: Diseases of the Circulatory System (I00 I99)...217 Hypertension (I.C.9.a)... 220 Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease and Angina (I.C.9.b)... 243 Intraoperative and Postprocedural Cerebrovascular Accident (I.C.9.c)... 246 Sequelae of Cerebrovascular Disease (I.C.9.d)... 250 Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) (I.C.9.e)... 256 Chapter 10: Diseases of the Respiratory System (J00 J99)...273 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [COPD] and Asthma (I.C.10.a)... 274 Acute Respiratory Failure (I.C.10.b)... 280 Influenza Due to Certain Identified Influenza Viruses (I.C.10.c)... 285 Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (I.C.10.d)... 287 Chapter 11: Diseases of the Digestive System (K00 K95)...291 Chapter 12: Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue (L00 L99)...293 Pressure Ulcer Stage Codes (I.C.12.a)... 295 Non-Pressure Chronic Ulcers (I.C.12.b)... 305 Chapter 13: Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective Tissue (M00 M99)...315 Site and Laterality (I.C.13.a)... 317 Acute Traumatic Versus Chronic or Recurrent Musculoskeletal Conditions (I.C.13.b)... 323 Coding of Pathologic Fractures (I.C.13.c)... 326 Osteoporosis (I.C.13.d)... 328 Chapter 14: Diseases of Genitourinary System (N00 N99)...339 Chronic Kidney Disease (I.C.14.a)... 343 Chapter 15: Pregnancy, Childbirth, and the Puerperium (O00 O9A)...353 General Rules for Obstetric Cases (I.C.15.a)... 356 Selection of OB Principal or First-listed Diagnosis (I.C.15.b)... 368 Pre-existing Conditions versus Conditions Due to the Pregnancy (I.C.15.c)... 383 Pre-existing Hypertension in Pregnancy (I.C.15.d)... 386 Fetal Conditions Affecting the Management of the Mother (I.C.15.e)... 388 HIV Infection in Pregnancy, Childbirth and the Puerperium (I.C.15.f)... 391 iv 2019 Optum360, LLC
ICD-10 Essentials: Applying ICD-10-CM Guidelines Contents Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy (I.C.15.g)...393 Long-Term Use of Insulin and Oral Hypoglycemics (I.C.15.h)...394 Gestational (Pregnancy Induced) Diabetes (I.C.15.i)...395 Sepsis and Septic Shock Complicating Abortion, Pregnancy, Childbirth and the Puerperium (I.C.15.j)...399 Puerperal Sepsis (I.C.15.k)...401 Alcohol, Tobacco and Drug Use During Pregnancy, Childbirth and the Puerperium (I.C.15.l)...403 Poisoning, Toxic Effects, Adverse Effects and Underdosing in a Pregnant Patient (I.C.15.m)...405 Normal Delivery, Code O80 (I.C.15.n)...407 The Peripartum and Postpartum Periods (I.C.15.o)...409 Code O94, Sequelae of Complication of Pregnancy, Childbirth, and the Puerperium (I.C.15.p)...413 Termination of Pregnancy and Spontaneous Abortions (I.C.15.q)...414 Abuse in a Pregnant Patient (I.C.15.r)...420 Chapter 16: Certain Conditions Originating in the Perinatal Period (P00 P96)...421 General Perinatal Rules (I.C.16.a)...422 Observation and Evaluation of Newborns for Suspected Conditions Not Found (I.C.16.b)...436 Coding Additional Perinatal Diagnoses (I.C.16.c)...439 Prematurity and Fetal Growth Retardation (I.C.16.d)...442 Low Birth Weight and Immaturity Status (I.C.16.e)...445 Bacterial Sepsis of Newborn (I.C.16.f)...447 Stillbirth (I.C.16.g)...450 Chapter 17: Congenital Malformations, Deformations, and Chromosomal Abnormalities (Q00 Q99)...451 Congenital Malformations, Deformations, and Chromosomal Abnormalities (I.C.17)...452 Chapter 18: Symptoms, Signs, and Abnormal Clinical and Laboratory Findings, Not Elsewhere Classified (R00 R99)...465 Use of Symptom Codes (I.C.18.a)...470 Use of a Symptom Code with a Definitive Diagnosis Code (I.C.18.b)...473 Combination Codes That Include Symptoms (I.C.18.c)...477 Repeated Falls (I.C.18.d)...479 Coma Scale (I.C.18.e)...480 SIRS due to Non-Infectious Process (I.C.18.g)...484 Death NOS (I.C.18.h)...486 NIHSS Stroke Scale (I.C.18.i)...487 Chapter 19: Injury, Poisoning, and Certain Other Consequences of External Causes (S00 T88)...489 Chapter 20: External Causes of Morbidity (V00 Y99)...501 Chapter 21: Factors Influencing Health Status and Contact with Health Services (Z00 Z99)...509 Official Coding and Reporting Guidelines: Section II. Selection of Principal Diagnosis...529 Official Coding and Reporting Guidelines: Section III. Reporting Additional Diagnoses...533 Official Coding and Reporting Guidelines: Section IV. Diagnostic Coding and Reporting Guidelines for Outpatient Services...535 Official Coding and Reporting Guidelines: Appendix I. Present on Admission Reporting Guidelines...539 2019 Optum360, LLC v
Case Studies Case Study 1.1. HIV, Possible Infection...27 Case Study 1.2. Pneumocystis Jiroveci with History of AIDS...30 Case Study 1.3. AIDS Patient Admitted with Cholelithiasis...30 Case Study 1.4. HIV-Positive Patient with Herpesviral Keratitis...31 Case Study 1.5. HIV, Inconclusive Test...33 Case Study 1.6. HIV Positive with History of HIV-Related Candidal Esophagitis...34 Case Study 1.7. HIV-Positive Patient Admitted for Delivery...35 Case Study 1.8. HIV-Positive Patient Admitted in Obstructed Labor Due to Breech Position...35 Case Study 1.9. HIV, Follow-up Appointment to Discuss Negative HIV Test Results...38 Case Study 1.10. Coxsackie Pharyngitis...39 Case Study 1.11. Croup Due to Adenovirus...40 Case Study 1.12. Antimycobacterial-Resistant Primary Pulmonary Tuberculosis...41 Case Study 1.13. Sepsis Due to Pseudomonas UTI...43 Case Study 1.14. Sepsis Due to Pneumonia...44 Case Study 1.15. Negative Blood Culture in Patient with Leukocytosis...45 Case Study 1.16. Urosepsis...46 Case Study 1.17. Sepsis in Patient with Acute Respiratory Failure and COPD Exacerbation...48 Case Study 1.18. Septicemia, Severe with Acute Kidney Failure...50 Case Study 1.19. Septic Shock Secondary to Pneumonia...51 Case Study 1.20. Sepsis, Severe Secondary to Cellulitis...53 Case Study 1.21. Septic Shock, Acute Respiratory Failure Due to Sepsis...55 Case Study 1.22. Pelvic Cellulitis Progressing to Sepsis Following Admission...56 Case Study 1.23. Sepsis, Severe with Septic Shock Secondary to Intra-abdominal Abscess...61 Case Study 1.24. Severe Sepsis Due to PICC Line...61 Case Study 1.25. Sepsis Secondary to Third-Degree Burns...63 Case Study 1.26. Sepsis Due to Papillomavirus...65 Case Study 1.27. Postoperative MRSA Cellulitis...67 Case Study 1.28. Sepsis, MRSA...68 Case Study 1.29. Alveolar Abscess with MSSA Positive Swab...69 Case Study 1.30. Zika Virus, Confirmed...71 Case Study 1.31. Zika Virus Infection, Possible in Pregnant Female...71 Case Study 1.32. Congenital Zika Infection in 6-Month-Old...72 Case Study 2.1. Adenoma, Pituitary...79 Case Study 2.2. Neoplasm, Overlapping Sites...79 Case Study 2.3. Adenocarcinoma...80 Case Study 2.4. Neoplasm, Recurrence...80 Case Study 2.5. Neoplasm, Malignant Thyroid Cancer and Hypothyroidism...82 Case Study 2.6. Neoplasm, Metastatic to Lung...83 Case Study 2.7. Neoplasm, Metastatic from Breast...84 Case Study 2.8. Neoplasm with Treatment of Anemia...87 Case Study 2.9. Neoplasm with Treatment of Chemo-Induced Anemia...87 Case Study 2.10. Neoplasm with Radiation Treatment and IDA...88 Case Study 2.11. Neoplasm with Dehydration...89 Case Study 2.12. Neoplasm with Surgical Wound Complication...90 Case Study 2.13. Neoplasm History on Tamoxifen...92 Case Study 2.14. Neoplasm, Carcinoid History...93 Case Study 2.15. Neoplasm, Transplanted Organ, Chemotherapy Initiation...96 Case Study 2.16. Neoplasm, Encounter for Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy...97 Case Study 2.17. Neoplasm, Radiation to Secondary Site...97 Case Study 2.18. Neoplasm Treatment with Nausea/Vomiting...99 Case Study 2.19. Neoplasm Treatment with Urinary Retention...99 Case Study 2.20. Neoplasm Evaluation and Chemotherapy... 101 2019 Optum360, LLC vii
Case Studies (Alphabetical Listing) Abortion with Liveborn Fetus... 416 Abortion, Elective with Complications Leading to and Following Termination... 419 Abortion, Failed Attempt with Retained Products of Conception with Complications... 418 Abortion, Spontaneous with Retained Products of Conception... 418 Abortion, Threatened... 361 Abuse and Dependence, Alcohol... 163 Abuse, Alcohol... 164 Abuse, Alcohol with Use, Cannabis... 163 Acute Respiratory Failure and Acute Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Infants... 476 Adenocarcinoma...80 Adenoma, Pituitary...79 AIDS Patient Admitted with Cholelithiasis...30 Altered Mental Status... 471 Alveolar Abscess with MSSA Positive Swab...69 Amblyopia... 213 Amblyopia Suspect... 213 Antimycobacterial-Resistant Primary Pulmonary Tuberculosis...41 Atherosclerosis, Native and Bypass Graft with Angina... 245 Bipolar Disorder, Manic, Moderate... 170 Bipolar Type 1, Manic with Psychosis... 171 Blindness... 207 Blindness, Bilateral... 207 Blindness, Right Eye... 207 Bone vs Joint Right Humerus... 322 Bone vs Joint Right Shoulder... 322 Cataract with Neovascularization... 210 Cataract, Drug-Induced... 211 Cataract, Senile Cortical... 210 Cerebral Infarction and Ruptured Aneurysm Sequela... 253 Cerebral Infarction, Acute, and History with Residual Conditions... 254 Cerebral Infarction, History... 255 Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA), Postprocedural... 248 Chronic Obstructive Asthma Exacerbation... 278 Chronic Renal Impairment... 344 CKD Following Kidney Transplant... 346 CKD, Stage 4 with ESRD... 344 CKD, Stage 5... 344 Compartment Syndrome, Nontraumatic... 325 Congenital Auditory Stricture... 457 Congenital Cleft Palate and Lip... 459 Congenital Condition, Marfan s Syndrome... 461 Congenital Condition, Noonan Syndrome... 460 Congenital Cytomegalovirus... 429 Congenital Hypothyroidism and Down Syndrome... 463 Congenital Mycoplasma Pneumonia... 430 Congenital Patent Foramen Ovale or Atrial Septal Defect...458 Congenital Rieger s Anomaly... 456 Congenital Spina Bifida... 455 Congenital Testicular Torsion and Cryptorchism... 460 Congenital Zika Infection in 6-Month-Old...72 Contact-Induced Edema... 208 COPD and Emphysema... 279 2019 Optum360, LLC xv
Figures Figure 1.1. Encounter for Review of HIV Test Results...38 Figure 1.2. Sepsis Coding Decision Tree...55 Figure 1.3. Development of Sepsis from Noninfectious Process...63 Figure 2.1. Colon...77 Figure 2.2. Pancreas...80 Figure 2.3. Female Breast...84 Figure 2.4. Neoplasm Principal Diagnosis Flow Chart...96 Figure 2.5. Pleural Effusion... 101 Figure 2.6. Lung Lobes... 105 Figure 4.1. Endocrine System... 129 Figure 4.2. Hierarchy of Oral Hypoglycemic and Insulin Use... 139 Figure 4.3. Excerpt from Table of Drugs and Chemicals Insulin... 142 Figure 4.4. Excerpt from Table of Drugs and Chemicals Beta Blocker... 146 Figure 4.5. Thyroid... 149 Figure 5.1. Progression of Severity... 162 Figure 6.1. Sagittal Plane... 174 Figure 7.1. Anatomy of the Eye... 196 Figure 7.2. Glaucoma Open and Closed Angle... 197 Figure 7.3. Blindness/Low Vision Decision Tree... 206 Figure 7.4. Cataracts... 209 Figure 9.1. Arterial System... 218 Figure 9.2. Venous System... 219 Figure 9.3. Atherosclerosis... 243 Figure 9.4. Coronary Arteries... 258 Figure 9.5. STEMI or NSTEMI... 259 Figure 9.6. Anatomy of Heart... 270 Figure 10.1. Respiratory System... 273 Figure 12.1. Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue... 293 Figure 12.2. Pressure Ulcer Stages... 296 Figure 13.1. Skeletal System... 316 Figure 13.2. Displacement Intervertebral Disc... 335 Figure 14.1. Anatomy of Urinary System... 339 Figure 14.2. Male Genitourinary System... 340 Figure 14.3. Female Internal Genitalia... 340 Figure 14.4. Female Genitourinary Tract Lateral View... 341 Figure 14.5. Female Breast... 341 Figure 15.1. Term Pregnancy Single Gestation... 355 Figure 15.2. Placenta Previa... 364 Figure 15.3. Twin Gestation Monochorionic/Diamniotic (MO-DI)... 367 Figure 15.4. Fetal Malposition... 373 Figure 15.5. Twin Gestation Dichorionic/Diamniotic (DI-DI)... 377 Figure 15.6. Twin Gestation Monochorionic/Monoamniotic (MO-MO)... 382 Figure 15.7. Hierarchy of Gestational Diabetes Control... 396 Figure 15.8. Retained Products of Conception Following an Abortion... 418 Figure 16.1. Maternal Versus Newborn Codes... 422 Figure 16.2. Newborn Suspected Diseases and Conditions Ruled Out... 437 Figure 16.3. Vacuum Assisted Birth... 441 Figure 17.1. Spinal Bifida... 455 Figure 17.2. External Auditory Canal... 456 Figure 17.3. Atrial Septal Defect... 457 Figure 17.4. Congenital Cleft Lip... 458 Figure 17.5. Congenital Cleft Palate... 459 2019 Optum360, LLC xxiii
Introduction ICD-10 Essentials: Applying ICD-10-CM Guidelines is a new coding reference for ICD-10-CM focusing on how to apply the coding guidelines. This book provides a comprehensive look at ICD-10-CM guidelines along with supporting examples, case studies, and in-depth coding rationales designed to ensure accurate application of the guideline in real-life coding situations. New and veteran coding professionals will find this book to be a valuable resource that explains and clarifies key coding concepts related to ICD-10-CM. The coding guidance found in ICD-10 Essentials: Applying ICD-10-CM Guidelines is based on the official version of the ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting (ICD-10-CM), effective October 1, 2019. Changes reflecting the dynamic world of coding are ongoing, and Optum360 would welcome readers input on what should be included in future editions of the book. How to Use ICD-10 Essentials: Applying ICD-10-CM Guidelines The organization of ICD-10 Essentials: Applying ICD-10-CM Guidelines follows the format of ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting. There is a chapter devoted to each of the topics covered in the guidelines, as follows: Certain infectious and parasitic diseases Neoplasms Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases Mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorders Diseases of the nervous system Diseases of the eye and adnexa Diseases of the circulatory system Diseases of the respiratory system Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue Diseases of the genitourinary system Pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period Congenital malformations, deformations, and chromosomal abnormalities Symptoms, signs, and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified Additionally, placeholders for the following chapters are included for future development: Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism Diseases of the ear and mastoid process Diseases of the digestive system Injury, poisoning, and certain other consequences of external causes External causes of morbidity 2019 Optum360, LLC 1
Introduction ICD-10 Essentials: Applying ICD-10-CM Guidelines Factors influencing health status and contact with health services Shaded boxes in different colors allow the user to quickly differentiate the various components of each chapter. Blue boxes enclose the focus guideline in each section. Spotlights in yellow boxes alert the user to key facts, important information, and coding advice, while pink boxes highlight definitions. Valuable information has been provided in case studies, tables, and figures that include illustrations and decision trees, all of which are listed in the front of the book and are easily searchable. Located in the back of the book are Official ICD-10-CM resources to supplement the material contained in the chapters, as well as an alphabetical index to search pertinent information. ICD-10-CM Guideline As an ICD-10-CM guideline is examined, the full, official text is presented in a blue box followed by an overview of the guideline, helpful illustrations, as well as practical applications of the guideline. Example: Guideline I.C.13.d.1 Osteoporosis without pathological fracture Category M81, Osteoporosis without current pathological fracture, is for use for patients with osteoporosis who do not currently have a pathologic fracture due to the osteoporosis, even if they have had a fracture in the past. For patients with a history of osteoporosis fractures, status code Z87.310, Personal history of (healed) osteoporosis fracture, should follow the code from M81. Illustrations Illustrations are included to provide visual support to text. Example: The primary endocrine organs represented by the codes in chapter 4 of the ICD-10-CM official code set are depicted in the illustration on the following page and include: Adrenal gland Ovaries Pancreas Parathyroid gland Pineal gland Pituitary gland Testes 2 2019 Optum360, LLC
ICD-10 Essentials: Applying ICD-10-CM Guidelines Introduction Figure 4.1. Endocrine System AHA Coding Clinic Official citations from AHA s Coding Clinic for ICD-10-CM have been provided for conventions and guidelines, as applicable. The citations appear in red type with the year, quarter, and page of the reference, as well as the title of the question as it appears in that AHA Coding Clinic table of contents. AHA Coding Clinic citations included in this edition have been updated through the second quarter of 2018. Example: AHA Coding Clinic 2016, 4Q, 50 Gestational Diabetes Mellitus 2016, 1Q, 3 Selection of Principal Diagnosis for Vaginal Delivery 2015, 4Q, 34 Gestational Diabetes and Oral Medication Pineal gland Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thyroid Parathyroid gland Thymus gland Adrenal gland Pancreas Ovaries Testicle 2019 Optum360, LLC 3
Official Coding and Reporting Guidelines: Section I.B. General Coding Guidelines B. General Coding Guidelines 1. Locating a code in the ICD-10-CM To select a code in the classification that corresponds to a diagnosis or reason for visit documented in a medical record, first locate the term in the Alphabetic Index, and then verify the code in the Tabular List. Read and be guided by instructional notations that appear in both the Alphabetic Index and the Tabular List. It is essential to use both the Alphabetic Index and Tabular List when locating and assigning a code. The Alphabetic Index does not always provide the full code. Selection of the full code, including laterality and any applicable 7th character can only be done in the Tabular List. A dash (-) at the end of an Alphabetic Index entry indicates that additional characters are required. Even if a dash is not included at the Alphabetic Index entry, it is necessary to refer to the Tabular List to verify that no 7th character is required. 2. Level of Detail in Coding Diagnosis codes are to be used and reported at their highest number of characters available. ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes are composed of codes with 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 characters. Codes with three characters are included in ICD-10-CM as the heading of a category of codes that may be further subdivided by the use of fourth and/or fifth characters and/or sixth characters, which provide greater detail. A three-character code is to be used only if it is not further subdivided. A code is invalid if it has not been coded to the full number of characters required for that code, including the 7th character, if applicable. 3. Code or codes from A00.0 through T88.9, Z00-Z99.8 The appropriate code or codes from A00.0 through T88.9, Z00-Z99.8 must be used to identify diagnoses, symptoms, conditions, problems, complaints or other reason(s) for the encounter/visit. 4. Signs and symptoms Codes that describe symptoms and signs, as opposed to diagnoses, are acceptable for reporting purposes when a related definitive diagnosis has not been established (confirmed) by the provider. Chapter 18 of ICD-10-CM, Symptoms, Signs, and Abnormal Clinical and Laboratory Findings, Not Elsewhere Classified (codes R00.0 - R99) contains many, but not all, codes for symptoms. See Section I.B.18 Use of Signs/Symptom/Unspecified Codes 5. Conditions that are an integral part of a disease process Signs and symptoms that are associated routinely with a disease process should not be assigned as additional codes, unless otherwise instructed by the classification. 6. Conditions that are not an integral part of a disease process Additional signs and symptoms that may not be associated routinely with a disease process should be coded when present. 2019 Optum360, LLC 19
ICD-10 Essentials: Determining the Diagnosis Official Coding and Reporting Guidelines: Section I.B. codes sequenced in the following order: the condition or nature of the sequela is sequenced first. The sequela code is sequenced second. An exception to the above guidelines are those instances where the code for the sequela is followed by a manifestation code identified in the Tabular List and title, or the sequela code has been expanded (at the fourth, fifth or sixth character levels) to include the manifestation(s). The code for the acute phase of an illness or injury that led to the sequela is never used with a code for the late effect. See Section I.C.9. Sequelae of cerebrovascular disease See Section I.C.15. Sequelae of complication of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium See Section I.C.19. Application of 7th characters for Chapter 19 11. Impending or Threatened Condition Code any condition described at the time of discharge as impending or threatened as follows: If it did occur, code as confirmed diagnosis. If it did not occur, reference the Alphabetic Index to determine if the condition has a subentry term for impending or threatened and also reference main term entries for Impending and for Threatened. If the subterms are listed, assign the given code. If the subterms are not listed, code the existing underlying condition(s) and not the condition described as impending or threatened. 12. Reporting Same Diagnosis Code More than Once 13. Laterality Each unique ICD-10-CM diagnosis code may be reported only once for an encounter. This applies to bilateral conditions when there are no distinct codes identifying laterality or two different conditions classified to the same ICD-10-CM diagnosis code. Some ICD-10-CM codes indicate laterality, specifying whether the condition occurs on the left, right or is bilateral. If no bilateral code is provided and the condition is bilateral, assign separate codes for both the left and right side. If the side is not identified in the medical record, assign the code for the unspecified side. When a patient has a bilateral condition and each side is treated during separate encounters, assign the bilateral code (as the condition still exists on both sides), including for the encounter to treat the first side. For the second encounter for treatment after one side has previously been treated and the condition no longer exists on that side, assign the appropriate unilateral code for the side where the condition still exists (e.g., cataract surgery performed on each eye in separate encounters). The bilateral code would not be assigned for the subsequent encounter, as the patient no longer has the condition in the previously-treated site. If the treatment on the first side did not completely resolve the condition, then the bilateral code would still be appropriate. 14. Documentation by Clinicians Other than the Patient's Provider Code assignment is based on the documentation by patient's provider (i.e., physician or other qualified healthcare practitioner legally accountable for establishing the patient's diagnosis). There are a few exceptions, such as codes for the Body Mass Index (BMI), depth of non-pressure chronic ulcers, pressure ulcer stage, coma scale, and NIH stroke scale (NIHSS) codes, code assignment may be based on medical record documentation from clinicians who are not the patient s provider (i.e., physician or other qualified healthcare practitioner legally accountable for establishing the patient s diagnosis), since this information is typically documented by other clinicians involved in the care of the patient (e.g., a dietitian often documents the BMI, a nurse often documents the pressure ulcer stages, and an emergency medical technician often documents the coma scale). However, the associated diagnosis (such as overweight, obesity, acute stroke, or pressure ulcer) 2019 Optum360, LLC 21
Chapter 1: Certain Infectious and Parasitic Diseases (A00 B99) This chapter covers diseases caused by infectious and parasitic organisms, which include diseases generally recognized as communicable or transmissible. Only a small percentage of organisms in the environment cause disease. Most bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microorganisms found in the external environment (e.g., air, water, and soil) or the internal environment (e.g., on or within our bodies) are harmless or even beneficial. Disease is caused almost exclusively by microorganisms that are human pathogens, also referred to as pathogenic microorganisms, except in persons or hosts whose weakened immune systems allow normally harmless microorganisms to cause opportunistic infections. This chapter is organized primarily by the type of infectious organism or parasite, such as infections caused by bacteria, viruses, and mycoses, and parasitic diseases caused by protozoa and helminthes. Some code blocks are organized by site of infection, such as intestinal infectious diseases, and other code blocks are organized by mode of transmission, such as infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission, arthropod-borne viral fevers, and viral hemorrhagic fevers. Chapter 1 of the ICD-10-CM official code set is broken down into the following code blocks: A00 A09 A15 A19 A20 A28 A30 A39 A50 A64 A65 A69 A70 A74 A75 A79 A80 A89 A90 A99 B00 B09 B10 B15 B19 B20 B25 B34 B35 B49 B50 B64 B65 B83 B85 B89 B90 B94 B95 B97 B99 Intestinal infection diseases Tuberculosis Certain zoonotic bacterial diseases Other bacterial diseases Infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission Other spirochetal diseases Other diseases caused by chlamydiae Rickettsioses Viral and prion infections of the central nervous system Arthropod borne viral fevers and viral hemorrhagic fevers Viral infections characterized by skin and mucous membrane lesions Other human herpesviruses Viral hepatitis Human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] disease Other viral diseases Mycoses Protozoal diseases Helminthiases Pediculosis, acariasis and other infestations Sequelae of infectious and parasitic diseases Bacterial and viral infectious agents Other infectious diseases 2019 Optum360, LLC 25
Chapter 2: Neoplasms (C00 D49) Neoplasms are abnormal tissue growths resulting from rapid division of cells. They can be either solid or fluid-filled and are classified primarily by site, with subclassifications for morphology or behavior such as malignant, benign, in situ, uncertain behavior, and unspecified. The neoplasm table should be used to identify the correct site (topography) code. In some cases, such as malignant melanoma and certain neuroendocrine tumors, the morphology is included in the category and codes. The tabular section should always be consulted for the specific code. In addition to classifications for solid tissue malignant neoplasms, there are additional classifications for histological types of cancers such as of lymphoid, hematopoietic, malignant, and benign neuroendocrine tumors; and some specific types of skin cancers, such as melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. All neoplasms are classified to this chapter, whether or not they are functionally active. A functionally active neoplasm is a growth that performs functions ascribed to surrounding tissue, as in a thyroid tumor that secretes thyroxine and causes hyperthyroidism in the patient. An additional code from chapter 4, Endocrine, Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases, may be used to identify functional activity associated with any neoplasm. Chapter 2 of the ICD-10-CM official code set is broken down into the following code blocks: C00 C14 C15 C26 C30 C39 C40 C41 C43 C44 C45 C49 C50 C51 C58 C60 C63 C64 C68 C69 C72 C73 C75 C7A C7B C76 C80 Definitions histological. Referring to the microscopic tissues, which consist of four basic types: Epithelial (epi, upon or over) is found throughout the body and makes up the covering of external and internal surfaces. Connective tissue is the most widespread in the human body. It forms bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments and performs the duties of protection, support and binding together. Blood is also included here as it is found in connective tissue. Muscle which produces movement and includes either striated or smooth Nerves which receive stimuli and conduct impulses and includes both central and peripheral tissues. morphology. Study of cells to determine tissue of origin combining histology and behavior development of the neoplasm such as malignant, benign, uncertain, in situ. Morphology also considers the grade or stage which is not currently specified in ICD-10-CM. Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity and pharynx Malignant neoplasms of digestive organs Malignant neoplasms of respiratory and intrathoracic organs Malignant neoplasms of bone and articular cartilage Melanoma and other malignant neoplasms of skin Malignant neoplasms of mesothelial and soft tissue Malignant neoplasms of breast Malignant neoplasms of female genital organs Malignant neoplasms of male genital organs Malignant neoplasms of urinary tract Malignant neoplasms of eye, brain and other parts of central nervous system Malignant neoplasms of thyroid and other endocrine glands Malignant neuroendocrine tumors Secondary neuroendocrine tumors Malignant neoplasms of ill defined, other secondary and unspecified sites 2019 Optum360, LLC 73
Chapter 2: Neoplasms (C00 D49) ICD-10 Essentials: Applying ICD-10-CM Guidelines C81 C96 D00 D09 D10 D36 D3A D37 D48 D49 Malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissue In situ neoplasms Benign neoplasms, except benign neuroendocrine tumors Benign neuroendocrine tumors Neoplasms of uncertain behavior, polycythemia vera and myelodysplastic syndromes Neoplasms of unspecified behavior The guidelines for this chapter address coding and sequencing of neoplasms, complications associated with neoplasms, and complications with therapy for the neoplasms. Users must take into account the morphology (histologic type) of neoplasms and any associated manifestations or complications when assigning codes. Guidelines for chapter 2 cover the following conditions: General guidelines Treatment directed at the malignancy (I.C.2.a) Treatment of secondary site (I.C.2.b) Coding and sequencing of complications (I.C.2.c) Primary malignancy previously excised (I.C.2.d) Admissions/encounters involving chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiation therapy (I.C.2.e) Admission/encounter to determine extent of malignancy (I.C.2.f) Symptoms, signs, and abnormal findings listed in chapter 18 associated with neoplasms (I.C.2.g) Admission/encounter for pain control/management (I.C.2.h) Malignancy in two or more noncontiguous sites (I.C.2.i) Disseminated malignant neoplasm, unspecified (I.C.2.j) Malignant neoplasm without specification of site (I.C.2.k) Sequencing of neoplasm codes (I.C.2.l) Current malignancy versus personal history of malignancy (I.C.2.m) Leukemia, multiple myeloma, and malignant plasma cell neoplasms in remission versus personal history (I.C.2.n) Aftercare following surgery for neoplasm (I.C.2.o) Follow-up care for completed treatment of a malignancy (I.C.2.p) Prophylactic organ removal for prevention of malignancy (I.C.2.q) Malignant neoplasm associated with transplanted organ (I.C.2.r) 74 2019 Optum360, LLC