February 24 - March 2, 2019 (MMWR Week 9)

February 24 - March 2, 2019 (MMWR Week 9) Highlights Flu activity was decreased to low this week. Flu activity rating explanation and weekly flu reports can be found here: http://www.ccbh.net/flu-weekly-reports/ 4.7% deaths reported were due to pneumonia-related causes. No flu related deaths were reported this week. 39 confirmed cases of flu associated hospitalizations were reported this week. 694 confirmed cases reported so far this flu season. 3.3% of emergency room visits were due to flu like illness. Local Flu Activity Dashboard (All data are preliminary and may change as updated data are received.) Current Week Flu Activity X Low Mod High Weekly Intensity ct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Table 1. Cuyahoga County Influenza Data Dashboard Influenza (Flu) Indicator Current Activity Level Activity Compared to Last Week Percent of pneumonia deaths & number Pneumonia: 4.74% 7.1% of flu related deaths - [Fig 1] Flu: 0 deaths Stable Influenza like illness (ILI) doctor visits [Fig 2] #Weeks 1234 Cuyahoga: N/A N/A N/A 1 1 2017-2018 Season Total/Trend Pneumonia deaths lower than 5-year median. 9 flu deaths. Low percentage of doctor visits for flu like illness. Flu associated hospitalizations [Fig 3] 39 (32) 1 Lower than 5-yr median. n=694 School absenteeism due to ILLNESS NLY [Fig 4A] School absenteeism due to ALL CAUSES [Fig 4B] 3.25% (5.6%) 2 5.00% (17.3%) 4 Data trending up and similar to the 5-year median. Data trending up and similar to the 5-year median. Emergency room visit due to ILI [Fig 5] 3.27% (7.9%) 1 Higher than 5-yr median (2.6%) Sales of over-the-counter medications used to treat ILI. [Fig 6] 326 (0.6%) 2 Lower than 5-yr median Congestion & cough complaints [Fig 8} 14.69% (1.8%) 1 Increased 60% since week 40 Vomiting & nausea complaints [Fig 9] 10.36% (7.5%) 1 Steadily increased since week 40 Diarrhea complaints [Fig 10] 2.94% (8.0%) 1 Steadily increased since week 40 1 Due to small percentages, caution should be used while interpreting the Activity Compared to Last Week box. 2 For figures 2, 4a-4b, = (Increase > 20%), = (Decrease > -20%), = Stable (-19.9% to +19.9%) 3 For figures 1, 5-10, = (Increase > 5%), = (Decrease > -5%), = Stable (-4.9% to +4.9%) 4 For flu related deaths (Fig 1) & Fig 3, = (Increase # of deaths/cases), = (Decrease # of deaths/cases), = Stable (Same # of deaths/cases) Page 1 of 8

February 24 - March 2, 2019 (MMWR Week 9) Flu Summary This report is intended to provide an overview of influenza related activity occurring in Cuyahoga County while providing some information on state activity that is one week behind the current week. It will be published on a weekly basis and can be found at the following website: http://www.ccbh.net/flu-weekly-reports/ Note: Data are provisional and subject to change. Updates will be included in future reports. Pneumonia and Influenza (P&I) Mortality 4.7% of deaths reported were due to pneumonia. 41.2% of pneumonia related deaths occurred to adults 45-64 years old. No flu related deaths were reported this week. Nine flu related deaths reported so far this flu season (Figure 1). Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) Reports No sentinel ILI physicians reported this week but one sentinel provider reported no patients had flu-like symptoms for week 7 (Figure 2). ILI is defined as a fever ( 100 F), and cough and/or sore throat. Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations and Influenza-Associated Pediatric Mortality In Cuyahoga County, 39 confirmed cases of influenza-associated hospitalization were reported this week and 71 cases for week 8 (Figure 3). There were 630 statewide confirmed influenza associated hospitalizations reported in week 8. Three pediatric flu deaths reported so far this flu season in hio. School Absenteeism Participating schools in Cuyahoga County reported the percentage (median = 3.2%) of absenteeism due to any illness on Tuesday (Figure 4A). Figure 4B shows the total absenteeism due to any reason (median = 5.0%). Emergency Department (ED) visits and ver-the-counter (TC) Medication Sales 3.3% of all ED visits were for fever + ILI symptoms. Approximately the 20 fewer of patients visited EDs for fever and ILI symptoms this week compared to the previous 5-year weekly median (Figure 5). Figure 6 shows 10 fewer TC products per drugstore were purchased this week than the previous 5-year weekly median. Figure 7 shows, by zip code, the fever + ILI symptoms collected for Figure 5. Three other maps show, by zip code, the frequency of ED visits for three symptoms that are common during the fall and winter seasons and are of interest to the general public: congestion and cough (Figure 8), vomiting and nausea (Figure 9), and diarrhea (Figure 10). Descriptions of data sources used to complete the weekly influenza write-up can be found on the last page of this report. Additional Links Weekly U.S. Influenza Surveillance Report http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly hio Influenza Surveillance https://odh.ohio.gov/wps/portal/gov/odh/know-our-programs/ohioimmunization-program/ohio-flu-activity/ohio-flu-activity HealthMap Flu Trends http://www.healthmap.org/flutrends/# Vaccine Finder https://vaccinefinder.org/ Page 2 of 8

8.0% 7.0% 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% Figure 1: Percentage of Deaths Due to Pneumonia & Influenza (P&I) Cleveland, Euclid, Lakewood, & Parma Vital Statistics Departments Pneumonia Influenza 5-Year Median 5.0% 4.5% 4.0% 3.5% 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 0.0% Figure 2: Percent of Influenza-Like Illness (ILI) Visits via athenahealth and Cuyahoga County ILI Sentinel Providers CT NV DEC MMWR Week FEB MAR APR MAY athenahealth athenahealth 5-Year Median Sentinel Providers Figure 3: Number of Influenza-Associated Hospitalizations in Cuyahoga County (using event date) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Flu A Flu B Unknown Flu Type 5-Year Median Page 3 of 8

Figure 4A: School Absenteeism (due to any illness) in Cuyahoga County 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% N S C H L 5-Year Median Current Year Absences N S C H L Figure 4B: School Absenteeism (due to any reason) in Cuyahoga County 8.0% 7.0% 6.0% 5.0% 4.0% 3.0% 2.0% 1.0% 0.0% N S C H L 5-Year Median Current Year Absences N S C H L Page 4 of 8

Figure 5: Cuyahoga County Hospital ED Visits for ILI & Fever Symptoms by Age Group 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0-4 Years ld 5-24 Years ld 25-49 Years ld 50-64 Years ld 65 Years and lder 5-Year Median Figure 6: Comparison of Average Weekly TC Products Sold in Cuyahoga County Drugstores 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Antifever Cold_liquid_ped Cold_tablet_ped Cough_syrup_ped Electrolytes_ped Thermometers 5-Year Median Page 5 of 8

Figure 7 Rate of Fever and Influenza-Like Illness Complaints per 100,000 by Zip Code Feb 24th - Mar 2nd, 2019 - MMWR Week 9 Rate 44123 44132 44119 44117 44110 0.00-10.47 16.06-29.24 4410844112 10.48-16.05 29.25-64.44 44121 4411444103 44106 44118 44115 44140 44107 44113 44102 44104 44120 44116 44127 44122 44145 44111 44105 44126 44109 44144 44128 44135 44070 44137 44125 44142 44129 44134 44131 44146 44138 44017 44130 Ü 0 1 2 4 Miles 44143 44124 44022 44139 44040 RJS 03/19 44149 44136 44133 44147 44141 Map created and analysis performed by Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Informatics at the Cuyahoga County Board of Health. Data are preliminary. Figure 8 Rate of Congestion and Cough Complaints per 100,000 by Zip Code 44123 44132 Feb 24th - Mar 2nd, 2019 - MMWR Week 9 44119 44117 44110 0.00-62.83 91.87-138.91 62.84-91.86 138.92-305.46 4410844112 44121 4411444103 44106 44115 44118 44140 44107 44102 44113 44104 44120 44116 44127 44122 44145 44111 44105 44126 44109 44144 44128 44070 44135 44125 44142 44137 44129 44134 44138 44017 44130 44131 44146 Rate 44143 Ü 0 1 2 4 Miles 44124 44139 44040 44022 RJS 03/19 44149 44136 44147 44133 44141 Map created and analysis performed by Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Informatics at the Cuyahoga County Board of Health. Data are preliminary. Page 6 of 8

Figure 9 Rate of Vomiting and Nausea Complaints per 100,000 by Zip Code Feb 24th - Mar 2nd, 2019 - MMWR Week 9 Rate 44123 44132 44119 44117 44110 19.62-49.94 72.93-91.75 4410844112 49.95-72.92 91.76-203.64 44121 4411444103 44106 44118 44115 44140 44107 44113 44102 44104 44120 44116 44127 44122 44145 44111 44105 44126 44109 44144 44128 44135 44070 44137 44125 44142 44129 44134 44131 44146 44138 44017 44130 44143 44124 44022 44139 Ü 0 1 2 4 Miles 44040 RJS 03/19 44149 44136 44133 44147 44141 Map created and analysis performed by Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Informatics at the Cuyahoga County Board of Health. Data are preliminary. Figure 10 Rate of Diarrhea Complaints per 100,000 by Zip Code Feb 24th - Mar 2nd, 2019 - MMWR Week 9 Rate 44123 44132 44119 44117 44110 0.00-10.33 19.85-30.62 4410844112 44121 10.34-19.84 30.63-50.91 4411444103 44106 44118 44115 44140 44107 44113 44102 44104 44120 44116 44127 44122 44145 44111 44105 44126 44109 44144 44128 44135 44070 44137 44125 44142 44129 44134 44131 44146 44138 44017 44130 44143 Ü 0 1 2 4 Miles 44124 44139 44040 44022 RJS 03/19 44149 44136 44133 44147 44141 Map created and analysis performed by Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Informatics at the Cuyahoga County Board of Health. Data are preliminary. Page 7 of 8

Sources of Influenza Surveillance Data Six types of data sources are examined on a weekly basis to help determine the influenza activity level for Cuyahoga County: 1) hio Department of Health (DH) Seasonal Influenza Activity Summary : The DH influenza summary provides state-wide data. Data used from this report include: frequency of fever plus influenzalike illness (ILI) associated hospitalizations, number of influenza-associated pediatric mortalities, and number of lab-confirmed influenza cases. A) Influenza-associated Hospitalizations (DRS): Influenza-associated hospitalizations are reported by the Cuyahoga County Board of Health (CCBH) and hospitals using the hio Disease Reporting System (DRS). Hospitalizations can be used as an indicator of the severity of illness during a particular influenza season. This condition became reportable in January 2009. B) Influenza-associated Pediatric Mortality (DRS): Influenza-associated pediatric mortalities are reported into DRS by CCBH and hospital staff. Pediatric deaths can be an indicator of the severity of illness during the influenza season. This condition became reportable in 2005. C) Sentinel Providers (ILINet): Sentinel providers, through the US Influenza-like Illness Surveillance Network (ILINet), collect outpatient influenza-like illness (ILI) data. ILI is defined as a fever (> 100 F), and cough and/or sore throat without another known cause. Providers report the total number of patients seen, by age group, on a weekly basis. Sentinel providers also submit specimens for influenza testing to the DH laboratory throughout the influenza season. There are 2 sentinel providers enrolled in Cuyahoga County for the 2015-2016 season. D) DH Laboratory Surveillance: The hio Department of Health Laboratory reports the number of specimens that test positive for influenza each week. Generally, specimens are submitted by sentinel provider participants. A subset of the positive specimens is sent to CDC for further testing during the season. 2) Mortality Reporting System (Vital Statistics): Vital Statistics offices in Cuyahoga County (Cleveland, Euclid, Lakewood, & Parma) reports the percentage of deaths that are due to pneumonia or influenza that occur within their jurisdiction. Cleveland issues death certificates for 56 of the 59 cities in the county. 3) ILI data (athenahealth) "ILI estimates are based on insurance claims diagnoses, documented in athenahealth's database. Athenahealth is a healthcare technology and services company for electronic health records, medical billing, patient engagement, and care coordination." 4) School Absenteeism data (due to illness and due to any reason): More than 50 Cuyahoga County schools provide absenteeism data for each Tuesday on the number children absent due to any illness or due to any reason as well as sentinel schools that report week absenteeism data. 5) National Retail Data Monitor (NRDM)-TC Drug Purchases: The NRDM collects over-the-counter (TC) drug sales information from Cuyahoga County chain drug stores and grocery stores. Pediatric cold products, anti-fever products, and thermometer sales are monitored on a weekly basis. 6) Emergency Department Visits (EpiCenter): EpiCenter collects emergency department chief complaint data from hospitals and urgent care facilities across Cuyahoga County and classifies them into symptom and syndrome categories. Rates for chief complaints regarding fever + ILI and other symptoms commonly detected during the winter are analyzed. Page 8 of 8