BIOH122 Session 8 Non-Specific Disease Resistance To complete this worksheet, select: Module: Disease Resistance Activity: Animations Title: Non-Specific Disease Resistance Introduction 1. Name five general non-specific defense mechanisms that act quickly to fight a wide variety of invaders. Barriers 2. a. Name five physical barriers that prevent invasion by microbes. b. Name five chemical barriers that prevent invasion by microbes. 3. Investigate defense mechanisms found in the eye. Describe the protective contribution of lacrimation. Last updated on 29-Nov-17 Page 1 of 7
4. Respiratory mucosa - investigate defense mechanisms found there. a. Describe the defensive role of nasal hair. b. Describe the defensive role of lymph tissue located in the airway (MALT). c. Describe the defensive role of pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium lining the respiratory airway. d. Describe the defensive role of alveolar macrophages. 5. Skin - investigate defense mechanisms found there. a. Describe the defensive role of the keratinized epidermis. b. Describe the defensive role of sebum. c. Describe the defensive role of perspiration. d. Describe the defensive role of macrophages in the skin. Last updated on 29-Nov-17 Page 2 of 7
6. Digestive mucosa - investigate defensive mechanisms found there. a. Describe the defensive role of lymphocytes in the digestive tract. b. Describe the defensive properties of saliva. c. Describe the defensive properties of stomach acids. d. How does peristaltic movement contribute to pathogen resistance? Antimicrobial Substances 7. a. Describe the defensive role of interferons. b. Why are interferons non-specific mechanisms? 8. a. Define the complement system. b. What is the function of the complement system? Last updated on 29-Nov-17 Page 3 of 7
9. a. Describe the classical complement pathway. b. Describe how complement proteins can combine to form systems such as the MAC that contribute to pathogen resistance. 10. Describe the alternative complement pathway. Cellular Defenses 11. a. Natural killer cells are a type of lymphocyte. Explain their function. b. Where are natural killer cells found? c. Why are natural killer cells a non-specific mechanism? d. Describe the two ways natural killer cells kill pathogen cells. Last updated on 29-Nov-17 Page 4 of 7
12. Describe the defensive role of: a. Neutrophils b. Monocytes Last updated on 29-Nov-17 Page 5 of 7
13. Describe the sequential steps of phagocytosis. chemotaxis adherence ingestion digestion killing exocytosis 14. In what ways can pathogens fight back against immune mechanisms? Inflammation 15. What is the function of the inflammatory response? 16. Describe the steps of inflammation. Vasodilation & capillary permeability Neutrophil & Monocyte Migration Last updated on 29-Nov-17 Page 6 of 7
Tissue Repair Fever 17. a. How is fever induced? b. Describe how fevers can be beneficial. interferon production bacterial enzyme damage repair mechanisms Last updated on 29-Nov-17 Page 7 of 7