Anatomy 36 Study Guide Unit 3 Chapter 11 Amine hormones Peptide hormones Steroid hormones 11 4 Hormones of the adrenal cortex 11 6 Hormones of the gonads Categories of hormones Table 11 2 Hormone receptors Up regulation Down regulation Permissiveness 11 9 Hypothalamus and the pituitary gland 11 13, 11 15, 11 17 Hypothalamo pituitary portal vessel 11 16 Posterior pituitary hormones 11 14 Oxytocin Antidiuretic hormone Anterior pituitary hormones 11 15 FSH LH GH ACTH Prolactin Hypothalamus 11 18 GnRH GHRH SS TRH CRH Long loop feedback 11 20 Short loop feedback Thyroid hormones 11 21, 11 23 T3 T4 Thyroid follicles Thyroglobulin MIT 11 22 DIT Endocrine response to stress Cortisol Table 11 3, 11 4 Endocrine control of growth 11 28, Tables 11 5, 11 6 Growth factors Mitogen Growth inhibiting factors IGF 1
Endocrine control of Ca 2+ homeostasis 11 30, Table 11 7 Bone Kidneys GI tract Pararathyroid hormone 11 32 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D (vitamin D3) Calcitonin
Chapter 12 Hematocrit 12 1 Heart anatomy Systemic/pulmonary circulation 12 2 Hemodynamics 12 4 Hydrostatic pressure Resistance Viscosity 12 5 Autonomic innervation of the heart 12 9 Sequence of excitation 12 10, 12 11 Cardiac action potentials 12 12 L type calcium channels T type calcium channels F type sodium channels Nodal cell action potential 12 13 Electrocardiogram 12 14 Excitation contraction coupling Refractory period of the heart Mechanical events of the cardiac cycle 12 17, 12 18 Systole Diastole Isovolumetric ventricular contraction 12 19 Ventricular ejection Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation Ventricular filling End systolic volume End diastolic volume Heart sounds Cardiac output 12 28 Control of heart rate 12 22, 12 23, Table 12 3 Control of stroke volume 12 24 Frank Starling mechanism Contractility 12 25, 12 26, 12 27 Ejection fraction Afterload Functions of endothelial cells Table 12 4 Compliance Pulmonary/systemic blood pressures 12 29 Systolic pressure 12 30, 12 31 Diastolic pressure Pulse pressure (PP) Mean arteriole pressure (MAP) Sounds of Korotkoff 12 32 Vasoconstriction/vasodilation 12 33, 12 43 Active/reactive hyperemia 12 34 Flow autoregulation
Extrinsic controls 12 35 Angiotensin II ADH ANP Endothelial cells 12 35, 12 36 EDRF PGI2 Anatomy of capillary networks 12 37 Capillary blood flow 12 38, 12 39 Diffusion gradients 12 40 Bulk flow 12 41 Crystalloids Colloids Absorption 12 42 Net filtration pressure Starling forces Venous pressure 12 44 Skeletal muscle pump 12 45 Total peripheral resistance (TPR) 12 49, 12 50, 12 51 Barroreceptor reflex 12 52, 12 56 Barroreceptors 12 53, 12 54 Carotid sinus Aortic arch barroreceptors Medullary cardiovascular center 12 55 Blood volume regulation 12 57
Chapter 16 Absorptive state 16 1, 16 3 Postabsorptive state 16 2, Table 16 1 Sources of blood glucose Glucose sparing Endocrine /neural control 16 3 Islets of Langerhans Alpha cells Beta cells Delta cells Insulin 16 4, 16 5, 16 6 Control of insulin secretion 16 7, 16 8 Glucagon 16 9 Cortisol Table 16 3 Growth Hormone Table 16 4
Chapter 18 Leukocytes Table 18 1, 18 12 Plasma cells Macrophage Table 18 8 Mast cells Lymphocytes Phagocytosis 18 3, 18 5 Inflammation Table 18 2 Chemotaxis Dipedesis Opsonin Complement 18 4 C3b Membrane attack complex Interferons 18 6 Stages of specific immune defenses Lymphocytes 18 8, 18 9 B lymphocytes Helper T lymphocytes (CD4+) Cytoxic (Killer) T cells (CD8+) NK cells Antibody mediated response B cell receptors Immunoglobulins (A,D, G, E, M) 18 10, 18 15, 18 16 Antigen binding site T cell receptors Class I MHC proteins Table 18 5 Class II MHC proteins Antigen presenting cells (APCs) 18 11, 18 12 Epitopes IL I TNF Presentation to helper T cells Presentation to cytotoxic T cells IL 2 Active/passive immunity Defense against virus infected cells 18 18, Table 18 7 Perforin Acute phase response 18 20 Acute phase proteins Allergy