TITLE: The One Hundred and One Most Cited Oncology Articles in Orthopaedic Literature

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Abstract Number: 45 TITLE: The One Hundred and One Most Cited Oncology Articles in Orthopaedic Literature AUTHORS: Jonathan M. Karnes, MD 1 Brent G. Witten, MD 1 Brock A. Lindsey, MD 1 INSTITUTION: 1 Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 9196 Morgantown, WV 26506-9196 Background: Orthopaedic subspecialty bibliographies have recently been published on the hundred most cited papers within a discipline. Orthopaedic oncology literature presents a unique challenge as its articles are not indexed in a single subspecialty journal and are subsequently distributed throughout medical literature. Purpose: To present a body of orthopaedic literature to guide the study of musculoskeletal oncology. To highlight a number of foundational works that have heavily influenced our current approaches to patient care in this field. Methods: The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) Web of Knowledge, 2012 Journal Citation Report (JCR) database was used to query orthopaedic journals for oncology literature. Article titles were screened and the bibliographic information of any orthopaedic oncology specific publication with more than fifty literature citations was recorded. The guidelines provided by the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (JBJS) were used to assign levels of evidence by all authors Results: The number of citations ranged from 98 to 1061, the publication years ranged from 1967 to 2008, with the 1990s being the most represented (45 articles). All publications were represented in eight journals, with the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (JBJS) - American Volume being most well represented (42 articles). The most common level of evidence was IV. Spine metastases was the most common topic (14 articles), followed by giant cell tumor (13 articles). Conclusions: Although the number of citations an article gathers is not an indicator of its merits, articles with a higher number of citations can be presumed to be foundational works for a discipline. It is our hope that this collection can efficiently guide trainees interested in oncology and provide a quick reference for established practitioners.

Level of Evidence Number of Articles Percentage I 4 4% II 6 6% III 8 8% IV 69 68% V 3 3% Basic Science 1 1% Non-systematic Review - Basic Science 2 2% Non-systematic Review - Clinical 7 7% Case Report 1 1% Table 1. Number of articles with assigned level of evidence Article Title Enneking, W.F., et al., A system for the functional evaluation of reconstructive procedures after surgical treatment of tumors of the musculoskeletal system. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1993(286): p. 241-6. Enneking, W.F., S.S. Spanier, and M.A. Goodman, A system for the surgical staging of musculoskeletal sarcoma. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1980(153): p. 106-20. Enneking, W.F., A system of staging musculoskeletal neoplasms. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1986(204): p. 9-24. Campanacci, M., et al., Giant-cell tumor of bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1987. 69(1): p. 106-14. Tomita, K., et al., Surgical strategy for spinal metastases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001. 26(3): p. 298-306. Mankin, H.J., C.J. Mankin, and M.A. Simon, The hazards of the biopsy, revisited. Members of the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1996. 78(5): p. 656-63. Mirels, H., Metastatic disease in long bones. A proposed scoring system for diagnosing impending pathologic fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1989(249): p. 256-64. Goldenberg, R.R., C.J. Campbell, and M. Bonfiglio, Giant-cell tumor of bone. An analysis of two hundred and eighteen cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1970. 52(4): p. 619-64. Mankin, H.J., T.A. Lange, and S.S. Spanier, The hazards of biopsy in patients with malignant primary bone and soft-tissue tumors. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1982. 64(8): p. 1-7. Tokuhashi, Y., et al., Scoring system for the preoperative evaluation of metastatic spine tumor prognosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1990. 15(11): p. 0-3. Tomita, K., et al., Total en bloc spondylectomy. A new surgical technique for primary malignant vertebral tumors. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1997. 22(3): p. 324-33. Enneking, W.F. and W.K. Dunham, Resection and reconstruction for primary neoplasms involving the innominate bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1978. 60(6): p. 731-46. Rao, A.S. and V.J. Vigorita, Pigmented villonodular synovitis (giant-cell tumor of the tendon sheath and synovial membrane). A review of eighty-one cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1984. 66(1): p. 76-94. Number of Citations 1061 972 446 428 343 312 297 265 265 265 238 218 217

Gerszten, P.C., et al., Radiosurgery for spinal metastases: clinical experience in 500 217 cases from a single institution. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2007. 32(2): p. 193-9. Campanacci, M., R. Capanna, and P. Picci, Unicameral and aneurysmal bone cysts. 215 Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1986(204): p. 25-36. Tokuhashi, Y., et al., A revised scoring system for preoperative evaluation of 204 metastatic spine tumor prognosis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2005. 30(19): p. 2186-91. Gustafson, P., Soft tissue sarcoma. Epidemiology and prognosis in 508 patients. Acta 193 Orthop Scand Suppl, 1994. 259: p. 1-31. Boriani, S., J.N. Weinstein, and R. Biagini, Primary bone tumors of the spine. 193 Terminology and surgical staging. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1997. 22(9): p. 1036-44. McDonald, D.J., et al., Giant-cell tumor of bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1986. 68(2): 191 p. 235-42. O'Donnell, R.J., et al., Recurrence of giant-cell tumors of the long bones after 190 curettage and packing with cement. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1994. 76(12): p. 1827-33. Lee, F.Y., et al., Chondrosarcoma of bone: an assessment of outcome. J Bone Joint 190 Surg Am, 1999. 81(3): p. 326-38. Wong, D.A., V.L. Fornasier, and I. MacNab, Spinal metastases: the obvious, the 189 occult, and the impostors. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1990. 15(1): p. 1-4. Connor, J.M. and D.A. Evans, Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. The clinical 176 features and natural history of 34 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1982. 64(1): p. 76-83. Dahlin, D.C. and M.B. Coventry, Osteogenic sarcoma. A study of six hundred cases. J 175 Bone Joint Surg Am, 1967. 49(1): p. 101-10. Kneisl, J.S. and M.A. Simon, Medical management compared with operative 172 treatment for osteoid-osteoma. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1992. 74(2): p. 179-85. Enneking, W.F., S.S. Spanier, and M.A. Goodman, Current concepts review. The 170 surgical staging of musculoskeletal sarcoma. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1980. 62(6): p. 1027-30. Lindner, N.J., et al., Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation in osteoid osteoma. J Bone 162 Joint Surg Br, 2001. 83(3): p. 391-6. Harrington, K.D., Metastatic disease of the spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1986. 68(7): 159 p. 0-5. Gebhardt, M.C., et al., The use of bone allografts for limb salvage in high-grade 158 extremity osteosarcoma. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1991(270): p. 181-96. Withrow, S.J., et al., Comparative aspects of osteosarcoma. Dog versus man. Clin 157 Orthop Relat Res, 1991(270): p. 159-68. Tomita, K., et al., Total en bloc spondylectomy for solitary spinal metastases. Int 155 Orthop, 1994. 18(5): p. 291-8. Malawer, M.M., et al., Cryosurgery in the treatment of giant cell tumor. A long-term 151 followup study. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1999(359): p. 176-88. Schwartz, H.S., et al., The malignant potential of enchondromatosis. J Bone Joint 150 Surg Am, 1987. 69(2): p. 269-74. Link, M.P., et al., Adjuvant chemotherapy of high-grade osteosarcoma of the 149 extremity. Updated results of the Multi-Institutional Osteosarcoma Study. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1991(270): p. 8-14. Coley, W.B., The treatment of malignant tumors by repeated inoculations of 144 erysipelas. With a report of ten original cases. 1893. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1991(262): p. 3-11. Byers, P.D., et al., The diagnosis and treatment of pigmented villonodular synovitis. J 142 Bone Joint Surg Br, 1968. 50(2): p. 290-305. DiCaprio, M.R. and W.F. Enneking, Fibrous dysplasia. Pathophysiology, evaluation, 141 and treatment. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2005. 87(8): p. 1848-64. Capanna, R., et al., Modular uncemented prosthetic reconstruction after resection of 140 tumours of the distal femur. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1994. 76(2): p. 178-86. Marcove, R.C., et al., The treatment of aneurysmal bone cyst. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 140

1995(311): p. 157-63. Schwartz, H.S., K.K. Unni, and D.J. Pritchard, Pigmented villonodular synovitis. A retrospective review of affected large joints. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1989(247): p. 243-55. Jackson, R.P., F.W. Reckling, and F.A. Mants, Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma. Similar histologic lesions with different natural histories. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1977(128): p. 303-13. Bauer, H.C. and R. Wedin, Survival after surgery for spinal and extremity metastases. Prognostication in 241 patients. Acta Orthop Scand, 1995. 66(2): p. 143-6. Blackley, H.R., et al., Treatment of giant-cell tumors of long bones with curettage and bone-grafting. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1999. 81(6): p. 811-20. Stener, B. and B. Gunterberg, High amputation of the sacrum for extirpation of tumors. Principles and technique. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1978. 3(4): p. 351-66. Wise, J.J., et al., Complication, survival rates, and risk factors of surgery for metastatic disease of the spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1999. 24(18): p. 1943-51. Weigel, B., et al., Surgical management of symptomatic spinal metastases. Postoperative outcome and quality of life. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1999. 24(21): p. 2240-6. Boriani, S., et al., Chordoma of the mobile spine: fifty years of experience. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2006. 31(4): p. 493-503. Kaplan, F.S., et al., The histopathology of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva. An endochondral process. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1993. 75(2): p. 220-30. Yazawa, Y., et al., Metastatic bone disease. A study of the surgical treatment of 166 pathologic humeral and femoral fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1990(251): p. 213-9. O'Connor, M.I. and F.H. Sim, Salvage of the limb in the treatment of malignant pelvic tumors. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1989. 71(4): p. 481-94. Turcotte, R.E., et al., Giant cell tumor of long bone: a Canadian Sarcoma Group study. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2002(397): p. 248-58. Horowitz, S.M., et al., Prosthetic and extremity survivorship after limb salvage for sarcoma. How long do the reconstructions last? Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1993(293): p. 280-6. Carroll, R.E. and A.T. Berman, Glomus tumors of the hand: review of the literature and report on twenty-eight cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1972. 54(4): p. 691-703. Rock, M.G., D.J. Pritchard, and K.K. Unni, Metastases from histologically benign giant-cell tumor of bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1984. 66(2): p. 269-74. Berrettoni, B.A. and J.R. Carter, Mechanisms of cancer metastasis to bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1986. 68(2): p. 308-12. Okada, K., et al., Parosteal osteosarcoma. A clinicopathological study. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1994. 76(3): p. 366-78. Campanacci, M., et al., Osteoid osteoma. Direct visual identification and intralesional excision of the nidus with minimal removal of bone. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1999. 81(5): p. 814-20. Mirra, J.M., et al., A new histologic approach to the differentiation of enchondroma and chondrosarcoma of the bones. A clinicopathologic analysis of 51 cases. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1985(201): p. 214-37. Gustafson, P., K.E. Dreinhofer, and A. Rydholm, Soft tissue sarcoma should be treated at a tumor center. A comparison of quality of surgery in 375 patients. Acta Orthop Scand, 1994. 65(1): p. 47-50. Rougraff, B.T., J.S. Kneisl, and M.A. Simon, Skeletal metastases of unknown origin. A prospective study of a diagnostic strategy. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1993. 75(9): p. 1276-81. Wunder, J.S., et al., The histological response to chemotherapy as a predictor of the oncological outcome of operative treatment of Ewing sarcoma. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1998. 80(7): p. 1020-33. 139 138 137 137 135 135 134 131 130 130 126 125 125 120 120 117 117 117 115

O'Connor, M.I., F.H. Sim, and E.Y. Chao, Limb salvage for neoplasms of the shoulder girdle. Intermediate reconstructive and functional results. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1996. 78(12): p. 1872-88. Cheng, E.Y., et al., Lumbosacral chordoma. Prognostic factors and treatment. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1999. 24(16): p. 1639-45. Lewis, R.J. and A.S. Ketcham, Maffucci's syndrome: functional and neoplastic significance. Case report and review of the literature. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1973. 55(7): p. 1465-79. Simon, M.A. and W.F. Enneking, The management of soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1976. 58(3): p. 317-27. Schaberg, J. and B.J. Gainor, A profile of metastatic carcinoma of the spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1985. 10(1): p. 19-20. Boriani, S., et al., Aneurysmal bone cyst of the mobile spine: report on 41 cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001. 26(1): p. 27-35. Bell, R.S., et al., The surgical margin in soft-tissue sarcoma. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1989. 71(3): p. 370-5. Weinstein, J.N. and R.F. McLain, Primary tumors of the spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1987. 12(9): p. 843-51. Gitelis, S., et al., Intralesional excision compared with en bloc resection for giant-cell tumors of bone. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1993. 75(11): p. 1648-55. Sundaresan, N., et al., Surgery for solitary metastases of the spine: rationale and results of treatment. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2002. 27(16): p. 1802-6. Aboulafia, A.J., et al., Reconstruction using the saddle prosthesis following excision of primary and metastatic periacetabular tumors. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1995(314): p. 203-13. Marcove, R.C., et al., Osteogenic sarcoma under the age of twenty-one. A review of one hundred and forty-five operative cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1970. 52(3): p. 411-23. Boriani, S., et al., En bloc resections of bone tumors of the thoracolumbar spine. A preliminary report on 29 patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1996. 21(16): p. 1927-31. Pritchard, D.J., A.G. Nascimento, and I.A. Petersen, Local control of extraabdominal desmoid tumors. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1996. 78(6): p. 848-54. Noria, S., et al., Residual disease following unplanned excision of soft-tissue sarcoma of an extremity. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1996. 78(5): p. 650-5. Hillmann, A., et al., Malignant tumor of the distal part of the femur or the proximal part of the tibia: endoprosthetic replacement or rotationplasty. Functional outcome and quality-of-life measurements. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1999. 81(4): p. 462-8. Tang, N., et al., Osteosarcoma development and stem cell differentiation. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2008. 466(9): p. 2114-30. Alman, B.A., A. De Bari, and J.I. Krajbich, Massive allografts in the treatment of osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma in children and adolescents. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1995. 77(1): p. 54-64. Fuchs, B., et al., Operative management of sacral chordoma. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2005. 87(10): p. 2211-6. Sung, H.W., et al., Giant-cell tumor of bone: analysis of two hundred and eight cases in Chinese patients. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1982. 64(5): p. 755-61. Gitelis, S., et al., Chondrosarcoma of bone. The experience at the Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1981. 63(8): p. 1248-57. Ghogawala, Z., F.L. Mansfield, and L.F. Borges, Spinal radiation before surgical decompression adversely affects outcomes of surgery for symptomatic metastatic spinal cord compression. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2001. 26(7): p. 818-24.. Eckardt, J.J. and T.J. Grogan, Giant cell tumor of bone. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1986(204): p. 45-58. Hipp, J.A., D.S. Springfield, and W.C. Hayes, Predicting pathologic fracture risk in the management of metastatic bone defects. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1995(312): p. 120-110 110 109 109 108 106 106 104

35. Schreuder, H.W., et al., Aneurysmal bone cysts treated by curettage, cryotherapy and bone grafting. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1997. 79(1): p. 20-5. Fiorenza, F., et al., Risk factors for survival and local control in chondrosarcoma of bone. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 2002. 84(1): p. 93-9. Frassica, F.J., et al., Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. A report of the clinicopathological features and treatment of seventy-eight cases. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1986. 68(8): p. 1197-205. Flandry, F. and J.C. Hughston, Pigmented villonodular synovitis. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1987. 69(6): p. 942-9. Boriani, S., et al., Chordoma of the spine above the sacrum. Treatment and outcome in 21 cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 1996. 21(13): p. 1569-77. Scaglietti, O., P.G. Marchetti, and P. Bartolozzi, Final results obtained in the treatment of bone cysts with methylprednisolone acetate (depo-medrol) and a discussion of results achieved in other bone lesions. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1982(165): p. 33-42. Turcotte, R.E., Giant cell tumor of bone. Orthop Clin North Am, 2006. 37(1): p. 35-51. Gerrand, C.H., et al., Classification of positive margins after resection of soft-tissue sarcoma of the limb predicts the risk of local recurrence. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 2001. 83(8): p. 1149-55. Grimer, R.J., et al., Endoprosthetic replacement of the proximal tibia. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1999. 81(3): p. 488-94. Bini, S.A., K. Gill, and J.O. Johnston, Giant cell tumor of bone. Curettage and cement reconstruction. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1995(321): p. 245-50. Peterson, H.A., Multiple hereditary osteochondromata. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1989(239): p. 222-30. Scaglietti, O., P.G. Marchetti, and P. Bartolozzi, The effects of methylprednisolone acetate in the treatment of bone cysts. Results of three years follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1979. 61-B(2): p. 200-4. Crawford, A.H., Jr. and N. Bagamery, Osseous manifestations of neurofibromatosis in childhood. J Pediatr Orthop, 1986. 6(1): p. 72-88. Fuchs, B. and D.J. Pritchard, Etiology of osteosarcoma. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2002(397): p. 40-52. Widhe, B. and T. Widhe, Initial symptoms and clinical features in osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2000. 82(5): p. 667-74. Wirganowicz, P.Z., et al., Etiology and results of tumor endoprosthesis revision surgery in 64 patients. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1999(358): p. 64-74. 103 103 102 102 101 101 99 99 99 98 98 Table 2. Contains the bibliographic information as well as the number of citations for the 101 most cited oncology articles in orthopaedic literature