Unit 2A: Mental & Emotional Health Dvorsky Health Name Period 1
Vocabulary Personality Psychologist Modeling Peer group Identity Self-esteem Self-actualization Hierarchy of needs Emotion Primary emotion Grief Learned emotion Coping strategy 2
Defense mechanism Stress Eustress Distress Stressor Catastrophe Fight-or-flight response Optimism Pessimism Perfectionist Resilience Mental rehearsal Biofeedback Time management 3
Progressive Relaxation 4
Personality 1. Define Personality: 2. What are the 2 areas that influence our personality? a. b. 3. Heredity: a. Infants are born with Examples: 4. Environment: a. Family Experiences as a child help shape personality Modeling: Conditioning: b. Friends Peer Group: c. Culture that are valued in one culture may not be valued as highly valued in another culture 5
5. How do we describe personality? a. Extroversion b. Agreeableness c. Conscientiousness d. Emotional Stability e. Openness to experiences 6
6. Erikson s Seven Stages of Personality Development Stage A. Birth to 18 months B. 18 months to 3 years C. 3 to 6 years D. 6 to 12 years E. 12 to 20 years F. Ages 20 to 40 G. Ages 40 to 65 H. Ages 65+ 7
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Hierarchy of Needs 1. Define Maturity: 2. Define Self-Actualization: 3. Maslow s Hierarchy of Human Needs: Fill in the sequence with details about each need. Start at the bottom and work up. Self-Actualization Esteem Belonging Safety Physical Needs 9
4. Personality Traits of Self-Actualized People include: a. b. Independent, self-sufficient c. d. Concerned about human kind e. f. Fair, unprejudiced g. h. Not afraid to be different 10
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Self-Esteem 1. Define Self-Esteem: 2. What types of things influence our self-esteem? 3. Who or what influences the decisions we make? 4. Benefits versus Risks of Self-Esteem Benefits Risks Have a realistic view of their strength and weaknesses Studies show that teens with low selfesteem are more likely to Use drugs Drop out of school Become pregnant Suffer from eating disorders 12
5. How Self-Esteem Develops a. Self-esteem is b. Childhood c. Adolescence d. Adulthood 6. Ways to Boost and Improve Your Self-Esteem: Avoid risky behaviors Don t base your self-esteem solely on other people s opinions of you. Focus on your accomplishments, your talents, and your contributions to your family and community Make a list of your strengths and weaknesses Set ambitious, but realistic goals for yourself Ask for help Don t be too hard on yourself Form close relationships Rely on your values Learn to accept compliments Set goals for yourself Look beyond your own concerns Do not focus too much on appearance Be resilient 13
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Emotions 1. Define Emotion: 2. What are the two types of emotions? Define each. 3. Primary emotions include: a. : Response to pleasant events b. : Response to disappointment Grief is a c. : Feeling frustrated or helpless d. : Normal response to a threat ***All of these emotions can either be helpful or harmful, it all depends how they are expressed. 15
4. Learned emotions include: a. : Marked by deep feelings of affections and concern. b. : Can stop you from doing something you know is wrong, or it can make you take to something you ve done. Guilt can be a helpful emotion. c. : Focuses on the person rather than the action. Shame can be because it. ***These emotions are learned over time. Just like primary emotions, they can be expressed either healthy or unhealthy ways. 5. Recognizing your Emotions: Fill-in the sequence for dealing with emotions in healthful ways. STEP 1: STEP 2: STEP 3: 16
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Coping with Your Emotions 1. Define copying strategy: 2. Coping strategies can be helpful or harmful to your health. Coping strategies are helpful when they Coping strategies are harmful when they 3. Sometimes emotions can become too much to handle. Defense mechanisms are 4. Common Defense Mechanisms include the following: a. Denial Example: Your parents are getting divorced but you act as though nothing is wrong. You tell your friends you don t care and laugh about it. b. Compensation Example: You are failing two classes in school. You compensate buy becoming the lead saxophone player in the school band. 18
c. Rationalization Example: You work in a convenience store. When no one is watching you take some magazines. You figure it is a large store and they can afford it. d. Reaction Formation Example: You feel guilty about bullying a kid at school. You cover up your feelings by bragging to your friends. e. Projection Example: At your after-school job you do not complete your tasks. When you get fired, you blame your boss, saying she did not take the time to explain the tasks to you. f. Regression Example: You are angry with your brother for reading your diary. You scream at him and your parents, then you run into your room and sulk. 19
5. Helpful Ways of Coping with Your Emotions the situation head on. If possible, take action to improve the situation. your build-up energy. Start by exercising, cleaning your room, or being active. Take a. Read a book, listen to music, take a walk, write in your journal or just relax. to someone. Talk through your feelings with a family member, friend, counselor, or other trusted person. Sometimes, just talking about your feelings will help you see things more clearly. 6. Harmful Ways of Coping People may respond in to intense emotions. Using is an example of a harmful coping strategy. from friends and family is another. 20
PRACTICE SHEET Defense Mechanisms 1. Kevin realized he wasn t a great singer. He took an art class instead, and much of his work was put on display in the local museum. 2. Sara didn t like the shirt that her mother bought Sara for her birthday, so she started crying and throwing a tantrum until her mother got her the one she liked. 3. Tabitha was late to class every day. She blamed it on her teacher for not starting class a little later. 4. Anne felt guilty and sad after she stole a cane from an old lady and ran off but she told her friends how funny it was and laughed about t with them all night. 5. Jared skipped health class, but he thought it shouldn t matter because they were having a guest speaker that day anyway. 6. Paul and his girlfriend broke up 4 weeks ago, but he still insists that they will get back together, even though she hasn t talked to him since then and is starting to see other boys. Which defense mechanism do you overuse? How could you improve overusing these defense mechanisms? 21
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What Causes Stress? 1. Video Clip Stress in teenagers: Write down the causes of teen stress and ways to relax. 2. Define Stress: 3. Complete the table below. Moderate levels Beyond Moderate Levels Stress can actually your ability to and Stress begins to take a toll on. at your best. 4. Answer the following questions. a. Stress can affect all areas of our lives, but is all stress bad? b. What makes stress positive or negative? 23
5. What is positive stress? Define the term. 6. What is negative stress? Define the term. 7. Eustress versus Distress. a. Give two examples of eustress. b. Give two examples of distress. 8. Define stressor. 9. 4 types of stressors include: a. Major life changes Any major life change, or Examples: b. Catastrophe An event that and may destroy property. A person who experiences a catastrophe may deal with the psychological effects for years after the event. Examples: 24
c. Everyday Problems also called Hassles Some of the most stressors are minor, but, everyday events. Examples: d. Environmental Problems Conditions in your surroundings affect your level of stress each day. Examples: 25
Practice Sheet Causes of Stress Directions: Complete the concept map with examples of the different types of stressors. Use the phrases from the box below. An earthquake Waiting in line Home is near airport Parents are getting a divorce Going away to college A violent crime Air quality is poor Arguing with a parent or friend Moving to a new school Major Life Catastrophes Changes Stressors Everyday Problems Environmental Problems 26
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1. Define Fight-or-Flight Response. Stress and the Body 2. Describe the body s fight-or-flight response to stress: 3. Describe the 3 stages of stress. a. Alarm Stage b. Resistance Stage c. Exhaustion Stage 4. Recognizing signs of stress. a. Before you can deal with stress, you must recognize the warning signs. The warning signs of stress include: b. Next step is to try to identify the stressor you are facing. 28
5. List some warning signs of stress. Physical changes include: a. b. c. d. Emotional changes include: a. b. c. d. Changes in thinking include: a. b. c. d. Behavioral changes include: a. b. c. d. 6. How can long-term stress make you physically sick? 29
7. Stress and illness: Stress can, reduce the body s ability to, and make some diseases. a. Stomachaches Increased stomach acid Decreased stomach function Gastrointestinal issues: o o o o o b. Asthma Stress can increase asthmatic attacks Reduced with medication (i.e. emergency inhalers) c. Headaches Stress causes narrowing of blood vessels o Tension around the and may produce an achy feeling Leads to oxygen to brain Painful throbbing, pounding sensations You can keep a to try to figure out what triggers them for you d. Immune System Lowered resistance to disease Some studies show stress from the alarm stage can increase immune system. However, prolonged stress can prevent the immune system functioning well and can become a weakened immune system. Decreased within the immune system Decreased function overtime leads to Increased susceptibility of illness or diseases 30
e. Heart disease Increased blood pressure o High blood pressure is often called the Increased tensions of heart muscles Blood vessels narrow = heart must pump harder Prolonged stress damages of the heart 8. What is sleep deprivation? 9. What is insomnia? 10. What problems could occur from being sleep deprived? a. Increased risk for b. Increased risk for c. Stress-related Psychosomatic Illness a. Stress and the Body-Mind Connection High blood pressure, Headaches (migraines), Asthma, and Weak immune system b. Psychosomatic Response Illness: psycho of the mind somatic of the body 31
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Stress and Individuals 1. Bell Ringer: How many of the following statements accurately describe how you think or behave? Review your responses. Then write why you might be more or less likely to be under stress than others. 2. What two important questions are you answering when you assess a stressful situation? a. b. 3. Complete the table about stress and personality below. Personality Trait Definition or Description Response to Stress Optimism Pessimism Perfectionist (Aims for Perfection) 33
4. Define Resiliency. The you are when major stressors occur, the you have to a. Example: The key factor in resilience is having the 5. People with resilience share other characteristics. They know their and in their abilities make and take the steps to carry out those plans have good are able to their feelings. recognize that part of life and are able to put life changes in perspective. 6. Reflection How resilient are you? Use this checklist to determine how resilient you are. Do you have the support of family and friends? Yes No Do you know your strengths? Yes No Do you make realistic plans? Yes No Do you have good communication and problem-solving skills? Yes No Are you ale to recognize and control your emotions? Yes No Do you recognize that change is a normal part of life? Yes No 34
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Coping with Stress 1. What is coping? 2. Everyone deals with stress differently, some in a positive way and some in a negative way. What are some examples of both? Positive Negative Coping Skills 3. Take Control of Stress What are the stressors you CAN and CANNOT control? a. Stressors You CAN Control: b. Stressors You CANNOT Control: c. What techniques can you use to help keep stress under control? 36
4. What are some things you can do to help manage your time better? 5. Define Time Management 6. Define Mental Rehearsal a. Example: 7. Reduce Tension. Strategies to help you relive tension a. Physical activity: By doing something physically active, b. Relaxation: The goal of c. Biofeedback: A technique for 8. Change Your Thinking a. Avoid Negative Thinking (don t stress over the SMALL STUFF): b. Humor: If you use humor carefully, 37
9. Build Resilience: You need to build your resilience to help you deal with extreme or prolonged stress Take care of yourself Put things in perspective Take action (decide if there is anything to be done) (a place where you can feel stress-free) Stick to your routines Confide in yourself (use a journal) 10. Reach Out for Support: Sometimes the stress in your life becomes too overwhelming for you to handle on your own. a. Sometimes all you need is. b. can help you see them more clearly. c. Just often helps you to understand the problem better. 38
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