Practical Patch Testing and Chemical Allergens in Contact Dermatitis

Practical Patch Testing and Chemical Allergens in Contact Dermatitis

Sharon E. Jacob Elise M. Herro Practical Patch Testing and Chemical Allergens in Contact Dermatitis

Sharon E. Jacob Division of Dermatology University of California San Diego California USA Elise M. Herro Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio Texas USA ISBN 978-1-4471-4584-4 ISBN 978-1-4471-4585-1 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-4585-1 Springer London Heidelberg New York Dordrecht Library of Congress Control Number: 2012956317 Springer-Verlag London 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, speci fi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on micro fi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied speci fi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci fi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Contents 1 Clinical Guide Introduction..................... 1 Introduction.................................. 1 Background on Diagnostic Patch Testing in the US.............................. 2 Allergic Contact Dermatitis (the Disease State Once the Patient Has Developed Contact Allergy)............................... 13 Adolescents [Age 13 17]..................... 14 Clinical Presentation........................ 15 Irritant Contact Dermatitis...................... 17 Contact Urticaria.............................. 19 Protein Contact Dermatitis...................... 19 Clinical Diagnosis............................. 20 Pre-patch Consult and Education................ 21 Pediatric Patch Testing....................... 22 Procedure Outline............................. 22 Expected Adverse Reactions of Patch Testing... 29 Post-patch Education Avoidance............... 31 Management and Therapy...................... 31 2 Clinical Guide Top 88 Allergens................ 35 1 2. Acrylates: Ethyl Acrylate, Methyl Methacrylate.................................. 35 3. Bacitracin.................................. 37 4. Balsam of Peru (Myroxylon Pereirae) (BOP)..... 38 5. Benzalkonium Chloride...................... 41 6. Benzophenone-3 (Oxybenzone)............... 42 7. Black Rubber Mix (BRM).................... 43 v

vi Contents 8 12. Caine Anesthetics (Topical): Benzocaine, Tetracaine, Dibucaine, Lidocaine, Prilocaine....... 45 13. Cobalt Chloride............................ 47 14 17. Cocamidopropyl Betaine (CAPB).......... 51 18 19. Colophony (Rosin) and Abitol............. 53 20 22. Compositae Mix......................... 55 23 25. Corticosteroids.......................... 57 26. Dimethyl Fumarate (DMF).................. 61 27 28. Disperse Dyes [Blue 106 and 124].......... 62 29. dl Alpha Tocopherol (Vitamin E)............. 63 30 31. Epoxy and Bisphenol A................... 64 32. Ethylenediamine Dihydrochloride (EDD)...... 66 33. Ethyleneurea Melamine Formaldehyde [EUMF (Fixapret Ac)]......................... 67 34. Formaldehyde.............................. 68 35 41. Formaldehyde Releasing Preservatives (FRPs)...................................... 72 42 50. Fragrance Mix I & 51 57. Fragrance Mix II, Including 58 60. Essential Oils................... 74 61 63. Gallates (Propyl, Octyl, Dodecyl).......... 79 64. Glutaraldehyde............................. 82 65. Gold Sodium Thiosulfate..................... 83 66. Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate (IPBC) or Glycacil............................. 84 67. Lanolin (Wool wax Alcohol)................. 86 68. Methylchloroisothiazolone Methylisothiazolone (MCI/MI).................. 88 69. Methyldibromoglutaronitrile (MDBGN)....... 89 71. Neomycin Sulfate........................... 90 72. Nickel Sulfate.............................. 92 73. p-phenylenediamine (PPD).................. 96 74. p-tert Butylphenol Formaldehyde Resin (PTBFR)............................... 98 75. Paraben Mix............................... 99 76. Potassium Dichromate....................... 100 77. Propylene Glycol........................... 104 78. Quinoline Mix.............................. 105

Contents vii 79 84. Rubber Accelerators: Carbamate, Carba mix, Thiuram, Mercaptobenzothiazole, Mercapto mix, Mixed Diakyl Thioureas (Diethylthiourea and Dibutylthiourea)............ 106 85 86. Sorbitan Sesquioleate (SS) and Sorbic Acid............................... 111 87. Thimerosal................................. 112 88. Tosylamide Formaldehyde Resin or Toluenesulfonamide Formaldehyde Resin (TSFR)................................. 114 References...................................... 115

Abbreviations AAD ACD ACDS AD APC BOP BRM CAMP CAPB CARD CU DMAPA DKG EDD EPA EU EUMF ICD ID IPBC IVDK MCI/MI MDBGN MHC MSDS NACDG American Academy of Dermatology Allergic Contact Dermatitis American Contact Dermatitis Society Atopic Dermatitis Antigen Presenting Cells Balsam of Peru Black Rubber Mix Contact Allergen Management Program Cocamidopropyl betaine Contact Allergen Replacement Database Contact Urticaria Dimethylaminopropylamine German Contact Dermatitis Research Group Ethylenediamine Dihydrochloride Environmental Protection Agency European Union Ethyleneurea Melamine Formaldehyde Irritant Contact Dermatitis Idiopathic Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate Information Network of Departments of Dermatology Methylchloroisothiazolone Methylisothiazolone Methyldibromoglutaronitrile Major Histocompatibility Complex Material Safety Data Sheet North American Contact Dermatitis Group ix

x Abbreviations NIOSH PABA PCD PE PPD PPT PTBFR PTD RAST ROAT SHMG SL SS TETD TMTD TMTM TRUE Test TSFR UVB National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Para-aminobenzoic Acid Protein Contact Dermatitis Phenoxyethanol p-phenylenediamine Positive Patch Test p-tert Butylphenol Formaldehyde Resin Dipentamethylenethiuram Disulfide Radioallergosorbent Test Repeat Open Application Test Sodium Hydroxymethylglycinate Sesquiterpene Lactone Sorbitan Sesquioleate Tetraethylthiuram Disulfide Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide Tetramethylthiuram Monosulfide Thin-Layer Rapid Use Epicutaneous Test Toluenesulfonamide Formaldehyde Resin Ultraviolet Light B