Reduced dietary levels of EPA and DHA have a major impact on the composition of

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Supplementary materials Reduced dietary levels of EA and DHA have a major impact on the composition of skin membrane lipids in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) Ken Cheng *,, Marta Bou, Bente Ruyter, Jana ickova, Emad Ehtesham, Liang Du, Claudia Venegas, Ali A. Moazzami Department of Molecular Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences,.O. Box 7015, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research (Nofima), Box 210, NO- 1431 Ås, Norway AVS Chile S.A., Casilla 300, uerto Varas, Chile *Tel.: +46 18 6720 11; E-mail address: cheng-ken@live.cn

C Score plot Loading plot a b E c d S e f I g h Figure S1. rincipal component analysis (CA) score plots and loading plots created with the fatty acid profile data in different glycerol-phospholipid fractions in skin samples of 200 g fish fed different diets for 19 weeks. C, phosphatidylcholine: E, phosphatidylethanolamine: S, phosphatidylserine: I, phosphatidylinositol. (a) CA score plot and (b) loading plot for the C fraction. The CA model was established using seven principal components (R 2 X=94.8%, Q 2 =59.5%). The first (C1) and the second principal component (C2) explained 43.5 and 21.5% of the data variance, respectively. (c) CA score plot, and (d) loading plot for the E fraction. The CA model was established using three principal components (R 2 X=83.1%, Q 2 =60.5%). C1 and C2 explained 43.7 and 24.9% of the data variance, respectively. (e) CA score plot and (f) loading plot for the S fraction. The CA model

was established using five principal components (R 2 X=90.6%, Q 2 =58.7%). C1 and C2 explained 56.4 and 14.8% of the data variation, respectively. (g) CA score plot and (h) loading plot for the I fraction. The CA model was established using two principal components (R 2 X=70.2%, Q 2 =47.4%), with 47.4 and 22.8% of the data variation explained by C1 and C2, respectively.

Table S1. Chemical composition (% of total feed content) and gross energy (MJ.kg -1 ) of the experimental diets. Chemical composition CC 0% EA+DHA 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% Dry matter (%) 93.7 93.6 93.9 93.6 93.7 94.0 94.1 93.7 93.9 94.1 93.9 93.8 93.8 94.0 roteins (%) 45.1 46.6 46.7 46.9 46.6 47.0 47.0 47.0 46.8 46.6 46.9 46.8 46.6 46.7 Fat (%) 24.9 25.2 25.3 25.1 25.9 25.4 25.0 24.6 24.8 25.7 25.2 25.4 24.9 25.9 Ash (%) 8.6 9.7 10.1 9.9 9.9 9.5 9.7 9.5 10.1 9.7 10.0 9.7 9.7 10.0 Gross energy (MJ Kg- 1 ) 21.9 22.6 22.1 22.3 22.2 22.2 22.3 22.2 22.1 22.2 22.2 22.2 22.3 22.3 Table S2. Absolute concentrations of sphingolipids (nmol/g) and calculated ratio of sphingomyelin to ceramide (Sph/Cer) and glucosylceramide to ceramide (GlcCer/Cer) in skin of Atlantic salmon fed the commercial-type control (CC) and experimental diets for 19 weeks (200 g) and 26 weeks (400 g; mean±se; n=2 for 0.5% groups, n=3 for other groups 1 ). Sphingolipids Time 0% EA+DHA 0.5% groups 2.0% groups CC -Diet -Time C14:0 Cer 200 g 3.14±0.24 2.82±0.41 3.20±0.09 3.05±0.48 3.00±0.34 2.91±0.26 3.03±0.15 4.02±0.13 <0.0001 0.72 <0.0001 400 g 1.93±0.15 1.77±0.16 2.12±0.09 1.97±0.18 2.09±0.15 1.91±0.03 1.78±0.06 2.78±0.28 C16:0 Cer 200 g 1.63±0.18 1.44±0.05 1.54±0.04 1.49±0.24 1.65±0.17 1.57±0.15 1.56±0.14 1.33±0.06 0.66 0.56 0.98 400 g 1.49±0.10 1.54±0.19 1.69±0.03 1.46±0.21 1.79±0.17 1.56±0.03 1.43±0.12 1.11±0.14 C18:0 Cer 200 g 0.39±0.03 0.33±0.04 0.38±0.02 0.34±0.00 0.35±0.02 0.32±0.02 0.36±0.02 0.15±0.01 0.49 0.39 0.75 400 g 0.38±0.01 0.34±0.04 0.38±0.01 0.36±0.04 0.35±0.06 0.33±0.03 0.36±0.05 0.12±0.01 C24:1 Cer 200 g 3.50±0.33 3.12±0.05 3.20±0.05 2.88±0.37 3.17±0.17 3.22±0.37 3.28±0.12 2.89±0.19 <0.0001 0.75 <0.0001 400 g 2.48±0.15 2.44±0.14 2.61±0.06 2.41±0.13 2.58±0.14 2.36±0.15 2.33±0.12 2.13±0.18 C24:2 Cer 200 g 1.23±0.17 1.06±0.01 1.07±0.04 1.01±0.10 1.20±0.10 1.13±0.15 1.15±0.02 0.77±0.04 0.004 0.37 <0.0001 400 g 0.85±0.04 0.86±0.03 0.98±0.01 0.89±0.10 1.10±0.06 0.86±0.04 0.86±0.04 0.46±0.06 Cer 200 g 9.89±0.91 8.77±0.55 9.39±0.25 8.77±1.20 9.38±0.77 9.14±0.91 9.38±0.35 9.16±0.40 0.0001 0.73 <0.0001 400 g 7.13±0.43 6.95±0.47 7.79±0.05 7.09±0.66 7.91±0.50 7.01±0.22 6.75±0.35 6.59±0.66 d18:1 So 200 g 1.73±0.05 1.83±0.12 1.79±0.16 1.76±0.10 1.73±0.06 1.83±0.07 1.71±0.11 1.15±0.12 0.35 0.30 0.46 400 g 2.05±0.08 1.73±0.08 1.89±0.08 1.82±0.04 1.65±0.03 1.74±0.11 1.74±0.02 1.20±0.03 d20:1 So 200 g 0.09±0.00 0.12±0.04 0.10±0.01 0.10±0.01 0.09±0.01 0.09±0.00 0.10±0.00 0.07±0.00 0.002 0.84 <0.0001 400 g 0.08±0.00 0.06±0.00 0.06±0.00 0.08±0.00 0.08±0.01 0.06±0.01 0.07±0.00 0.06±0.01 So 200 g 1.82±0.05 1.95±0.16 1.89±0.17 1.86±0.10 1.81±0.06 1.92±0.07 1.81±0.11 1.22±0.12 0.46 0.36 0.85 400 g 2.13±0.09 1.79±0.07 1.94±0.08 1.90±0.04 1.73±0.03 1.80±0.11 1.80±0.02 1.26±0.03 d18:0 Sa 200 g 0.15±0.01 ab 0.18±0.07 ab 0.11±0.01 b 0.23±0.03 a 0.19±0.05 ab 0.14±0.01 ab 0.25±0.01 a 0.06±0.00 0.0007 0.01 0.0003 400 g 0.12±0.03 ab 0.10±0.01 ab 0.09±0.00 b 0.15±0.03 a 0.14±0.02 ab 0.10±0.01 ab 0.14±0.01 a 0.05±0.01 d20:0 Sa 200 g 0.04±0.00 ab 0.03±0.00 b 0.03±0.00 b 0.05±0.01 ab 0.04±0.01 ab 0.05±0.01 ab 0.06±0.00 a 0.02±0.00 0.0067 0.008 0.08 400 g 0.03±0.01 ab 0.04±0.00 b 0.03±0.00 b 0.04±0.01 ab 0.04±0.01 ab 0.04±0.01 ab 0.05±0.00 a 0.02±0.00

Sa 200 g 0.20±0.01 ab 0.21±0.07 ab 0.14±0.02 b 0.29±0.04 aa 0.23±0.06 ab 0.19±0.02 ab 0.31±0.01 a 0.07±0.00 0.0007 0.01 0.0005 400 g 0.15±0.03 ab 0.14±0.01 ab 0.12±0.01 b 0.19±0.04 ab 0.19±0.03 ab 0.14±0.02 ab 0.19±0.01 a 0.07±0.01 C14:0 GlcCer 200 g 3.53±0.36 a 3.17±0.45 abc 3.52±0.02 ab 3.01±0.07 abc 2.97±0.13 abc 2.46±0.10 c 2.53±0.11 bc 3.77±0.27 <0.0001 0.0001 <0.0001 400 g 2.67±0.17 a 1.87±0.01 abc 1.97±0.11 ab 2.16±0.06 abc 2.20±0.20 abc 1.55±0.20 c 1.96±0.07 bc 3.43±0.04 C16:0 GlcCer 200 g 3.83±0.49 a 3.40±0.01 ab 3.52±0.12 ab 3.21±0.24 ab 3.28±0.15 ab 2.99±0.17 b 2.74±0.01 b 2.14±0.15 0.001 0.001 0.06 400 g 3.67±0.25 a 2.79±0.04 ab 3.27±0.56 ab 3.26±0.08 ab 2.82±0.04 ab 2.70±0.14 b 2.78±0.17 b 2.52±0.13 C18:0 GlcCer 200 g 0.20±0.03 0.18±0.00 0.17±0.04 0.18±0.00 0.19±0.02 0.18±0.02 0.15±0.01 0.11±0.01 0.16 0.20 0.13 400 g 0.21±0.01 0.22±0.02 0.18±0.01 0.20±0.01 0.19±0.03 0.17±0.02 0.18±0.01 0.11±0.02 C24:1 GlcCer 200 g 3.35±0.30 3.17±0.07 3.40±0.24 2.83±0.15 2.99±0.16 2.79±0.20 2.75±0.12 2.24±0.12 0.0003 0.01 0.0001 400 g 2.81±0.21 2.42±0.03 2.72±0.21 2.47±0.05 2.90±0.26 2.24±0.30 2.17±0.10 2.24±0.10 C24:2 GlcCer 200 g 1.29±0.07 a 1.24±0.01 ab 1.21±0.02 a 1.20±0.08 a 1.28±0.08 a 0.96±0.06 b 1.16±0.05 a 0.76±0.05 0.0003 0.0001 0.78 400 g 1.24±0.09 a 1.03±0.06 ab 1.34±0.06 a 1.23±0.10 a 1.32±0.03 a 0.92±0.04 b 1.18±0.09 a 0.69±0.02 GlcCer 200 g 12.19±1.20 a 11.2±0.51 abc 11.8±0.36 ab 10.4±0.39 abc 10.7±0.46 abc 9.38±0.38 c 9.33±0.21 bc 9.03±0.54 <0.0001 0.0001 <0.0001 400 g 10.61±0.62 a 8.32±0.02 abc 9.49±0.80 ab 9.32±0.11 abc 9.44±0.49 abc 7.57±0.64 c 8.28±0.38 bc 8.99±0.25 C14:0 Sph 200 g 123.6±9.57 113.7±26.1 125.8±3.44 107.4±12.9 104.3±3.79 102.0±6.43 96.05±8.36 143.2±5.94 <0.0001 0.05 <0.0001 400 g 95.47±4.81 72.83±2.18 76.54±10.8 79.74±1.31 73.15±8.05 64.78±8.76 80.14±1.69 124.1±7.13 C16:0 Sph 200 g 68.74±4.73 a 56.86±2.97 ab 56.92±0.73 ab 56.67±10.7 ab 60.62±3.47 b 59.07±4.28 b 52.94±3.69 ab 47.23±3.19 0.01 0.01 0.29 400 g 75.13±3.40 a 59.29±5.84 ab 59.04±5.80 ab 66.49±2.20 ab 53.00±0.70 b 54.91±3.71 b 63.75±2.23 ab 49.38±1.27 C18:0 Sph 200 g 10.75±1.35 a 7.65±0.10 ab 7.34±0.14 b 8.47±1.25 ab 8.50±0.34 ab 7.41±0.66 ab 8.37±1.84 ab 3.20±0.19 0.02 0.03 0.06 400 g 10.83±0.59 a 9.41±0.84 ab 8.44±0.19 b 11.0±0.22 ab 7.73±0.49 ab 8.55±0.93 ab 10.2±0.90 ab 3.06±0.06 C20:2 Sph 200 g 0.75±0.05 0.71±0.01 0.71±0.00 0.61±0.10 0.73±0.06 0.73±0.07 0.59±0.05 1.84±0.07 0.14 0.11 0.55 400 g 0.63±0.04 0.91±0.08 0.81±0.18 0.66±0.10 0.58±0.02 0.67±0.14 0.54±0.04 1.39±0.03 C22:0 Sph 200 g 5.10±0.27 a 4.64±0.38 ab 4.39±0.32 ab 4.48±0.28 ab 4.65±0.24 ab 3.84±0.04 b 3.97±0.62 b 3.12±0.15 0.0011 0.006 0.003 400 g 4.86±0.31 a 3.99±0.30 ab 3.47±0.00 ab 3.89±0.07 ab 3.47±0.35 ab 3.45±0.55 b 3.65±0.11 b 2.89±0.05 C22:1 Sph 200 g 7.36±0.51 7.08±0.96 7.59±0.45 6.37±0.55 6.58±0.18 7.17±0.25 5.97±0.89 6.61±0.43 <0.0001 0.07 <0.0001 400 g 5.68±0.29 4.85±0.06 4.78±0.07 4.64±0.03 4.15±0.46 4.38±0.54 4.40±0.17 5.57±0.17 C24:1 Sph 200 g 118.4±8.26 125.1±8.62 121.7±4.60 100.1±16.1 129.3±3.19 130.3±6.26 102.6±13.3 107.4±4.81 0.0006 0.17 <0.0001 400 g 98.72±6.25 96.48±6.56 94.88±5.67 87.03±1.54 94.48±13.2 98.41±9.46 92.08±2.7 94.49±1.78 C24:2 Sph 200 g 32.52±1.05 b 35.04±3.56 ab 35.45±1.97 ab 30.61±4.61 b 45.27±2.42 a 38.51±2.47 ab 34.07±3.85 ab 25.41±0.89 0.02 0.03 0.11 400 g 30.80±1.63 b 34.16±2.10 ab 31.73±2.84 ab 32.44±0.06 b 37.11±4.67 a 34.04±3.59 ab 34.92±1.44 ab 18.29±0.51 Sph 200 g 367.2±22.8 350.7±42.5 359.9±4.48 314.7±46.4 359.9±13.4 349.0±16.0 304.6±30.5 338.0±15.6 0.004 0.42 <0.0001 400 g 322.1±17.0 281.9±18.0 279.7±24.8 285.9±1.62 273.7±25.6 269.2±26.2 289.7±4.33 299.1±10.5 C14:0 Sph/Cer 200 g 39.38±0.68 39.85±3.53 39.39±2.22 36.00±1.75 35.54±3.70 36.10±5.69 32.14±4.30 35.69±0.75 0.1046 0.17 0.07 400 g 49.84±1.38 41.63±4.97 35.96±3.63 40.81±3.09 35.03±3.20 33.96±4.48 45.47±1.75 45.25±1.69 C16:0 Sph/Cer 200 g 42.84±2.09 a 39.39±0.78 ab 37.06±0.46 ab 38.13±0.72 ab 37.21±3.22 b 38.61±5.27 ab 34.63±5.09 ab 35.81±0.69 0.05 0.04 0.36 400 g 50.51±1.06 a 39.44±8.57 ab 34.80±2.82 ab 46.18±5.10 ab 30.16±2.71 b 35.31±2.96 ab 45.46±2.44 ab 45.79±4.02 C18:0 Sph/Cer 200 g 27.24±2.07 23.39±3.11 19.47±1.56 25.19±3.50 24.55±2.52 23.97±3.78 23.18±4.45 21.79±0.27 0.21 0.33 0.09 400 g 28.87±0.37 27.76±0.94 22.15±0.79 31.02±4.34 22.78±2.97 26.35±3.84 30.11±4.65 27.09±3.11 C24:1 Sph/Cer 200 g 34.20±1.52 40.03±2.13 37.95±0.82 34.74±0.99 40.98±2.69 41.31±4.03 31.31±3.82 38.28±1.50 0.56 0.57 0.33 400 g 39.97±0.23 39.91±5.00 36.40±3.02 36.65±2.71 36.82±5.51 42.44±5.98 40.20±3.31 45.67±3.41 C24:2 Sph/Cer 200 g 27.59±3.25 33.07±2.97 33.00±0.59 30.94±0.66 38.24±3.27 35.04±4.67 29.41±3.17 33.47±1.67 0.28 0.74 0.02 400 g 36.35±1.04 39.91±3.80 32.31±3.16 37.13±4.14 34.59±6.56 39.52±3.23 40.90±3.60 42.12±4.65

Sph/Cer 200 g 37.45±1.50 39.84±2.33 38.33±0.53 36.18±0.08 38.83±3.18 39.07±4.81 32.68±4.14 37.27±0.97 0.72 0.86 0.17 400 g 45.30±0.41 40.95±5.38 35.89±2.94 40.78±3.66 34.97±4.37 38.62±4.60 43.46±2.90 46.25±2.76 C14:0 GlcCer/Cer 200 g 1.12±0.07 a 1.13±0.00 ab 1.10±0.04 ab 1.02±0.18 ab 1.01±0.09 ab 0.87±0.12 b 0.84±0.05 ab 0.95±0.08 0.009 0.008 0.18 400 g 1.40±0.13 a 1.07±0.10 ab 0.94±0.09 ab 1.11±0.13 ab 1.06±0.09 ab 0.81±0.10 b 1.11±0.01 ab 1.26±0.11 C16:0 GlcCer/Cer 200 g 2.37±0.12 a 2.36±0.07 ab 2.29±0.13 ab 2.18±0.19 ab 2.01±0.12 b 1.93±0.08 b 1.79±0.14 b 1.64±0.11 0.003 0.003 0.11 400 g 2.46±0.04 a 1.83±0.20 ab 1.94±0.36 ab 2.28±0.38 ab 1.60±0.12 b 1.73±0.12 b 1.96±0.08 b 2.36±0.35 C18:0 GlcCer/Cer 200 g 0.50±0.04 0.55±0.07 0.45±0.07 0.52±0.00 0.55±0.07 0.57±0.07 0.42±0.04 0.74±0.08 0.55 0.59 0.26 400 g 0.57±0.03 0.65±0.01 0.47±0.02 0.57±0.10 0.59±0.16 0.51±0.07 0.54±0.08 0.94±0.11 C24:1 GlcCer/Cer 200 g 0.96±0.01 1.01±0.01 1.06±0.09 0.99±0.08 0.94±0.05 0.87±0.04 0.85±0.07 0.80±0.06 0.05 0.14 0.02 400 g 1.13±0.05 0.99±0.04 1.04±0.05 1.04±0.08 1.13±0.11 0.96±0.13 0.94±0.01 1.07±0.11 C24:2 GlcCer/Cer 200 g 1.08±0.11 a 1.17±0.03 ab 1.13±0.06 ab 1.20±0.05 a 1.07±0.06 ab 0.87±0.06 b 1.01±0.06 ab 1.01±0.11 0.0002 0.01 <0.0001 400 g 1.47±0.17 a 1.20±0.11 ab 1.36±0.08 ab 1.39±0.04 a 1.21±0.08 ab 1.08±0.06 b 1.37±0.06 ab 1.57±0.18 GlcCer/Cer 200 g 1.23±0.02 a 1.27±0.02 ab 1.26±0.07 ab 1.21±0.12 ab 1.15±0.05 ab 1.04±0.07 b 1.00±0.05 ab 1.00±0.08 0.004 0.009 0.03 400 g 1.49±0.07 a 1.20±0.08 ab 1.22±0.11 ab 1.33±0.14 ab 1.20±0.10 ab 1.08±0.10 b 1.23±0.02 ab 1.39±0.14 Cer ceramide; GlcCer glucosyl-ceramide; Sa sphinganine; So sphingosine; Sph sphingomyelin. 1 Each statistical replicate originated from a pooled sample of skin from five fish, measured three times. values calculated by two-way ANOVA or Mann-Whitney test (Tukey s test) within the dietary groups except CC, using diet and sampling time as fixed factors. ab Different superscript letters indicate significant differences between diets from both time points (Tukey s test. <0.05). Table S3a. Fatty acid (FA) composition (% of total identified) in the phosphatidylcholine (C) fraction in skin of fish at 400 g weight (mean±se; n=3 for commercial-type control (CC), 0% EA+DHA, and 2% EA and/or DHA, n=2 for other groups 1 ). FA CC 0% EA+DHA 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 12:0 0.39±0.10 0.55±0.06 0.33±0.04 0.39±0.01 0.39±0.01 0.56±0.17 0.69±0.17 0.23±0.07 0.26±0.01 0.33±0.07 0.39±0.02 0.26±0.07 0.37±0.10 0.37±0.04 0.0652 14:0 1.51±0.14 0.57±0.03 0.47±0.07 0.26±0.26 0.52±0.08 0.55±0.02 0.51±0.10 0.16±0.16 0.46±0.04 0.40±0.03 0.50±0.06 0.21±0.21 0.49±0.12 0.29±0.14 0.3513 16:0 24.2±0.39 26.8±0.15 26.6±0.27 28.0±0.69 27.0±0.49 28.3±0.66 26.1±0.22 25.6±0.42 26.3±0.50 26.2±1.36 26.0±0.36 27.2±0.00 26.4±0.23 27.0±0.22 0.2437 18:0 3.12±0.05 4.29±0.11 a 4.22±0.12 ab 3.80±0.15 ab 3.86±0.08 ab 4.15±0.06 ab 3.90±0.18 ab 3.77±0.12 ab 3.66±0.01 b 3.76±0.17 ab 4.30±0.13 a 3.72±0.02 ab 3.76±0.06 ab 3.65±0.05 b 0.0023 16:1n-9 1.32±0.08 1.97±0.45 1.28±0.08 1.24±0.05 1.26±0.03 1.24±0.04 1.63±0.21 1.31±0.09 1.35±0.07 1.10±0.06 1.29±0.02 1.20±0.03 1.29±0.08 1.31±0.01 0.0967 18:1n-9 20.8±0.26 22.5±0.17 a 21.3±0.27 ab 21.5±1.21 ab 20.0±1.48 abc 20.1±0.45 abc 21.0±0.27 abc 20.4±0.33 abc 20.5±0.28 abc 18.1±0.34 c 20.4±0.08 abc 21.0±0.64 abc 19.6±0.02 abc 19.5±0.30 bc 0.0018 18:1n-7 1.68±0.04 1.61±0.10 1.40±0.52 0.74±0.69 0.76±0.71 1.47±0.09 1.53±0.15 1.51±0.04 1.38±0.09 1.38±0.05 1.56±0.04 0.74±0.71 1.43±0.15 1.47±0.03 0.426 20:1n-9 0.82±0.03 0.41±0.01 0.54±0.01 0.36±0.00 0.40±0.01 0.40±0.02 0.42±0.03 0.47±0.01 0.28±0.21 0.45±0.04 0.68±0.27 0.43±0.02 0.44±0.00 0.39±0.01 0.3561 18:2n-6 4.48±0.10 9.99±0.26 a 8.34±0.37 b 6.55±0.11 de 5.63±0.06 efg 4.70±0.09 g 8.37±0.57 b 8.07±0.45 bc 6.77±0.10 cde 5.94±0.18 ef 8.33±0.29 b 7.26±0.10 bcd 5.89±0.11 ef 5.07±0.12 fg <0.0001 18:3n-6 0.11±0.02 1.00±0.07 a 0.50±0.03 b 0.34±0.00 bcd 0.22±0.03 cd 0.17±0.01 d 0.43±0.03 bc 0.39±0.07 bcd 0.22±0.02 cd 0.17±0.01 d 0.46±0.04 bc 0.49±0.21 bc 0.23±0.01 bcd 0.16±0.02 d <0.0001 20:2n-6 0.76±0.04 0.66±0.02 c 0.95±0.02a bc 0.79±0.04 abc 0.84±0.01 abc 0.71±0.03 bc 0.75±0.32 abc 1.02±0.05 abc 1.08±0.04 ab 1.03±0.03 abc 1.03±0.11 abc 1.14±0.03 a 0.91±0.04 abc 0.80±0.09 abc 0.0041 20:3n-6 0.56±0.28 4.31±0.09 a 3.35±0.11 b 2.05±0.07 d 1.42±0.01 e 1.00±0.04 e 3.04±0.14 bc 2.52±0.44 cd 1.35±0.03 e 1.01±0.03 e 2.75±0.27 bcd 2.10±0.00 d 1.43±0.04 e 0.94±0.02 e <0.0001 20:4n-6 2.60±0.01 9.48±0.17 a 6.41±0.15 bc 4.73±0.00 de 3.66±0.08 ef 3.24±0.04 f 7.39±0.45 b 5.68±0.43 cd 4.44±0.30 de 4.37±0.15 ef 6.23±0.76 bc 4.61±0.03 de 4.10±0.08 ef 3.67±0.11 ef <0.0001

22:5n-6 0.34±0.01 1.23±0.04 ab 0.63±0.10 bcde 0.36±0.00 de 0.42±0.10 cde 0.24±0.04 e 0.86±0.53 abcd 1.35±0.14 ab 1.61±0.06 ab 1.83±0.04 a 1.15±0.12 abc 0.88±0.03 abcd 0.96±0.01 abcd 0.99±0.02 abcd <0.0001 18:3n-3 0.94±0.02 0.89±0.09 a 0.73±0.06 ab 0.62±0.03 ab 0.34±0.29 b 0.50±0.01 ab 0.63±0.07 ab 0.72±0.06 ab 0.64±0.02 ab 0.63±0.02 ab 0.70±0.05 ab 0.86±0.20 a 0.66±0.02 ab 0.55±0.03 ab 0.082 20:5n-3 8.89±0.42 2.85±0.12 g 6.88±0.61 d 10.9±1.02 ab 12.3±0.14 a 13.2±0.57 a 2.94±0.17 fg 4.35±0.44 ef 3.87±0.01 efg 4.53±0.08 e 4.59±0.43 e 7.14±0.06 d 8.47±0.23 cd 9.74±0.23 bc <0.0001 22:5n-3 1.50±0.02 0.93±0.02 abcd 1.34±0.29 abc 1.64±0.09 ab 1.72±0.00 ab 1.82±0.05 a 0.55±0.00 cd 0.69±0.16 cd 0.54±0.00 cd 0.44±0.18 d 0.84±0.11 bcd 1.00±0.01 abcd 1.07±0.03 abcd 1.06±0.03 abcd <0.0001 22:6n-3 18.7±0.25 5.16±0.05 g 9.67±0.56 f 11.1±0.50 ef 13.1±0.36 def 13.1±0.80 def 12.3±0.03 ef 16.7±2.10 bcd 20.1±0.42 ab 24.3±0.48 a 13.0±1.81 def 15.0±0.49 cde 17.6±0.34 bc 18.3±0.53 bc <0.0001 20:3n-9 0.00±0.00 0.16±0.02 0.04±0.04 0.09±0.04 0.04±0.04 0.00±0.00 0.14±0.14 0.08±0.02 0.00±0.00 0.00±0.00 0.10±0.02 0.08±0.08 0.02±0.02 0.00±0.00 0.0425 Table S3b. Fatty acid (FA) composition (% of total identified) in the phosphatidylethanolamine (E) fraction in skin of fish at 400 g weight (mean±se; n=3 for CC, 0% EA+DHA, and 2% EA and/or DHA, n=2 for other groups 1 ). FA CC 0% EA+DHA 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 12:0 1.65±0.41 1.20±0.46 1.73±0.02 1.05±0.07 1.09±0.30 1.39±0.08 1.34±0.21 0.76±0.19 2.10±2.27 0.85±0.36 1.63±0.41 0.95±0.71 1.08±0.67 1.00±0.43 0.7844 14:0 0.33±0.04 0.25±0.20 0.29±0.13 0.35±0.13 0.31±0.02 0.22±0.12 0.33±0.05 0.27±0.19 0.24±0.10 0.34±0.03 0.30±0.09 0.24±0.02 0.37±0.01 0.23±0.09 0.8937 16:0 6.40±0.29 5.43±0.37 c 5.61±0.31 bc 5.73±0.37 abc 6.77±0.18 a 6.43±0.33 abc 5.81±0.09 abc 5.58±0.36 c 5.97±0.16 abc 6.24±0.34 abc 5.61±0.16 bc 5.99±0.07 abc 6.33±0.07 abc 6.73±0.49 ab 0.0016 18:0 4.71±1.83 4.78±0.22 5.56±0.23 5.42±0.51 5.42±0.80 8.75±4.58 5.26±0.06 5.24±0.03 5.79±0.84 5.90±0.45 5.24±0.07 5.40±0.07 5.75±0.06 5.75±0.12 0.3765 16:1n-9 0.55±0.09 0.81±0.12 0.73±0.03 0.18±0.25 0.22±0.31 0.54±0.10 0.93±0.17 0.56±0.20 0.62±0.03 0.57±0.07 0.73±0.09 0.31±0.44 0.48±0.21 0.68±0.20 0.0785 18:1n-9 15.4±0.80 15.5±0.74 14.6±0.13 14.8±0.04 13.6±1.45 12.9±1.98 14.8±0.23 14.4±0.10 14.5±0.67 13.8±0.70 14.6±0.34 14.5±0.26 14.4±0.72 13.8±0.21 0.244 18:1n-7 2.73±0.14 1.68±0.17 2.06±0.07 2.06±0.05 1.92±0.29 2.06±1.15 2.13±0.46 2.15±0.02 3.47±1.80 2.25±0.03 2.19±0.06 2.02±0.12 2.10±0.14 2.05±0.08 0.6246 20:1n-9 1.73±0.07 0.80±0.05 0.96±0.04 0.81±0.02 0.85±0.06 0.95±0.01 0.95±0.02 1.05±0.02 0.84±0.36 1.13±0.09 1.00±0.00 0.98±0.01 1.02±0.03 0.99±0.05 0.0528 18:2n-6 5.16±0.08 7.28±1.73 7.47±0.17 7.23±0.19 7.59±0.96 6.38±0.10 7.52±0.47 7.80±0.20 7.43±0.09 7.26±0.25 7.77±0.36 7.55±0.18 6.78±0.08 6.47±0.09 0.0736 18:3n-6 0.00±0.00 0.21±0.37 0.00±0.00 0.15±0.21 0.10±0.14 0.36±0.09 0.36±0.01 0.00±0.00 0.12±0.17 0.17±0.02 0.17±0.24 0.30±0.02 0.21±0.03 0.05±0.10 0.2397 20:2n-6 0.96±0.04 0.87±0.46 1.00±0.09 0.90±0.06 0.93±0.24 1.03±0.08 0.44±0.62 1.08±0.04 1.15±0.14 1.17±0.02 1.02±0.01 1.21±0.05 1.10±0.08 1.11±0.08 0.1835 20:3n-6 0.48±0.41 3.09±0.26 a 2.58±0.05 ab 1.69±0.01 abc 1.17±0.06 bcde 0.99±0.10 cde 2.17±0.04 abc 1.90±0.56 abc 1.07±0.07 cde 0.79±0.06 e 1.01±1.43 cde 1.64±0.02 abcd 1.22±0.02 abcde 0.86±0.02 de <0.0001 20:4n-6 5.95±0.32 17.9±0.50 a 12.4±0.56 bc 9.19±0.24 def 6.76±0.12 gh 6.28±0.32 h 13.8±0.30 b 10.3±1.32 cde 8.39±1.07 efg 7.63±0.53 fgh 11.4±0.94 cd 8.77±0.08 ef 7.56±0.09 fgh 6.57±0.49 gh <0.0001 22:5n-6 0.57±0.06 2.74±0.52 1.12±0.23 0.62±0.03 0.95±0.63 0.48±0.03 1.05±1.49 2.03±0.04 2.10±0.11 2.33±0.10 1.65±0.30 0.65±0.91 1.44±0.02 1.41±0.04 0.0302 18:3n-3 0.60±0.05 0.34±0.04 b 0.45±0.03 ab 0.40±0.03 b 0.35±0.06 b 0.40±0.02 ab 0.37±0.11 b 0.48±0.01 ab 0.47±0.03 ab 0.48±0.05 ab 0.63±0.13 a 0.48±0.07 ab 0.45±0.02 ab 0.45±0.06 ab 0.0098 20:5n-3 6.47±0.62 2.72±0.25 de 5.38±0.67 c 7.81±0.67 ab 8.06±0.38 a 9.33±0.14 a 2.46±0.22 e 3.27±0.60 de 3.01±0.15 de 3.10±0.05 de 3.55±0.14 d 5.23±0.18 c 5.81±0.43 c 6.45±0.16 bc <0.0001 22:5n-3 1.48±0.01 1.60±0.15 bcd 2.01±0.37 abc 2.18±0.25 ab 2.19±0.09 ab 2.58±0.08 a 0.66±0.06 ef 0.97±0.45 def 0.62±0.05 f 0.55±0.07 f 1.02±0.26 def 1.22±0.04 de 1.21±0.06 de 1.31±0.12 cd <0.0001 22:6n-3 25.1±1.23 11.4±0.29 f 18.4±0.56 e 20.6±1.22 de 22.1±0.34 bcde 23.6±0.72 bcd 20.4±0.70 de 25.0±2.69 bcd 27.0±0.65 ab 30.5±2.27 a 21.1±3.48 cde 24.3±0.56 bcd 25.9±0.44 abc 27.2±0.52 ab <0.0001 20:3n-9 0.18±0.17 0.22±0.23 0.15±0.02 0.13±0.02 0.09±0.13 0.09±0.09 0.53±0.54 0.06±0.09 0.13±0.03 0.18±0.09 1.10±1.34 0.06±0.09 0.17±0.03 0.00±0.00 0.1908 Table S3c. Fatty acid (FA) composition (% of total identified) in the phosphatidylserine (S) fraction in skin of fish at 400 g weight (mean±se; n=3 for CC, 0% EA+DHA, and 2% EA and/or DHA, n=2 for other groups 1 ). FA CC 0% EA+DHA 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 12:0 2.22±1.22 2.17±1.10 3.64±0.20 1.10±0.68 1.68±1.25 1.63±0.57 1.34±1.90 2.83±0.20 1.45±1.28 1.05±0.50 2.45±0.42 0.48±0.67 1.25±0.59 2.35±0.38 0.1667 14:0 0.34±0.48 0.33±0.39 ab 0.10±0.06 ab 0.04±0.06 b 0.14±0.01 ab 0.19±0.05 ab 0.55±0.19 ab 0.39±0.40 ab 0.28±0.08 ab 0.22±0.23 ab 1.36±0.61 a 0.38±0.20 ab 0.34±0.26 ab 0.28±0.14 ab 0.0918 16:0 10.3±0.57 10.2±0.55 12.7±2.91 11.5±0.04 11.7±1.02 11.0±0.54 11.7±0.47 12.2±1.56 13.3±2.33 11.3±1.68 13.5±5.51 11.5±1.64 10.1±0.14 12.2±1.63 0.784 18:0 22.9±2.23 24.4±0.12 24.0±0.13 25.0±2.35 24.6±1.43 24.4±1.59 23.8±2.24 24.6±0.85 17.8±6.43 24.1±1.87 25.3±2.44 24.3±0.94 24.5±0.12 21.6±1.72 0.1325

16:1n-9 0.22±0.22 0.18±0.08 ab 0.37±0.15 ab 0.27±0.11 ab 0.21±0.03 ab 0.23±0.07 ab 0.33±0.07 ab 0.42±0.09 ab 0.52±0.04 ab 0.37±0.25 ab 0.73±0.58 a 0.53±0.45 ab 0.21±0.03 ab 0.08±0.14 b 0.0745 18:1n-9 9.16±0.58 9.32±0.30 9.08±1.12 8.88±0.18 8.73±0.70 8.37±0.37 9.65±0.76 10.3±1.74 11.0±2.28 8.25±0.81 9.05±1.40 8.78±0.74 8.29±0.56 9.28±1.09 0.3018 18:1n-7 1.91±0.08 1.71±0.21 1.63±0.50 1.67±0.26 1.48±0.02 1.23±0.35 1.52±0.14 1.34±0.01 1.26±0.33 1.22±0.25 1.46±0.36 1.49±0.05 1.41±0.25 1.62±0.13 0.4368 20:1n-9 1.87±0.19 1.11±0.20 1.19±0.24 1.38±0.48 1.11±0.18 0.83±0.52 1.11±0.05 1.44±0.36 1.11±0.32 1.28±0.12 1.31±0.24 1.19±0.13 1.22±0.02 1.06±0.07 0.6544 18:2n-6 2.06±0.21 3.25±0.32 3.26±0.33 2.66±0.20 2.51±0.38 1.97±0.24 2.98±0.02 2.41±1.28 3.57±1.31 2.11±0.10 2.76±0.13 2.78±0.35 2.20±0.15 2.74±0.69 0.1111 18:3n-6 0.18±0.08 0.35±0.17 0.35±0.13 0.10±0.14 0.17±0.01 0.10±0.09 0.27±0.02 0.35±0.15 0.21±0.04 0.20±0.27 0.04±0.06 0.18±0.00 0.15±0.04 0.15±0.09 0.3259 20:2n-6 0.84±0.20 0.68±0.20 0.66±0.01 0.92±0.16 1.11±0.02 1.02±0.23 1.03±0.16 0.60±0.05 0.83±0.17 0.72±0.42 0.77±0.04 1.27±0.04 0.89±0.25 1.02±0.18 0.1106 20:3n-6 0.82±0.10 3.60±0.20 a 2.56±0.03 ab 1.65±0.05 bcd 1.26±0.03 cd 0.95±0.10 d 2.25±0.08 abc 1.77±0.74 bcd 0.92±0.37 d 0.83±0.13 d 1.70±0.63 bcd 1.54±0.09 bcd 1.34±0.02 cd 1.10±0.27 d <0.0001 20:4n-6 2.78±0.38 6.85±0.26 a 4.45±0.13 bc 3.26±0.19 bc 2.92±0.15 c 2.84±0.03 c 4.82±0.11 ab 3.66±0.70 bc 4.25±0.67 bc 3.14±0.26 bc 3.72±1.36 bc 3.27±0.13 bc 3.78±0.09 bc 3.19±0.50 bc <0.0001 22:5n-6 0.76±0.66 4.49±2.03 a 0.66±0.76 b 1.17±0.03 ab 0.93±0.15 ab 0.83±0.06 ab 3.71±0.10 a 2.85±0.23 a 3.12±0.34 a 3.42±0.28 a 1.62±0.57 ab 2.38±0.29 ab 2.49±0.07 a 1.74±0.98 ab 0.0036 18:3n-3 0.16±0.13 0.15±0.06 0.21±0.04 0.26±0.02 0.18±0.01 0.11±0.11 0.26±0.08 0.41±0.18 0.10±0.15 0.07±0.12 0.26±0.11 0.17±0.04 0.16±0.01 0.21±0.05 0.1788 20:5n-3 2.85±0.40 1.10±0.05 b 1.78±0.29 ab 2.81±0.04 ab 3.05±0.33 ab 3.60±0.32 a 1.44±0.15 ab 1.50±0.96 ab 2.45±1.61 ab 1.94±0.63 ab 1.22±0.30 b 2.12±0.40 ab 2.56±0.77 ab 2.49±0.06 ab 0.0035 22:5n-3 2.89±0.20 3.82±0.35 abcd 3.77±0.14 abcd 4.65±0.11 ab 4.45±0.07 abc 5.31±0.59 a 1.55±0.07 ef 1.45±0.64 ef 1.46±0.71 ef 1.08±0.13 f 1.98±1.24 def 2.48±0.15 bcde 2.44±0.18 cdef 2.30±0.11 def <0.0001 22:6n-3 32.0±1.73 18.2±1.07 c 23.0±2.23 bc 27.0±0.44 abc 28.4±2.06 ab 30.0±0.82 ab 26.1±0.51 abc 27.1±0.10 abc 30.3±3.12 ab 32.6±4.13 a 23.0±6.17 bc 29.4±2.78 ab 31.3±0.64 ab 29.3±2.66 ab 0.0003 20:3n-9 0.00±0.00 0.29±0.37 0.50±0.28 0.68±0.57 0.35±0.00 0.07±0.13 0.16±0.22 0.17±0.24 0.28±0.08 0.09±0.16 0.30±0.43 0.18±0.25 0.00±0.00 0.19±0.17 0.5077 Table S3d. Fatty acid (FA) composition (% of total identified) in the phosphatidylinositol (I) fraction in skin of fish at 400 g weight (mean±se; n=3 for CC, 0% EA+DHA, and 2% EA and/or DHA, n=2 for other groups 1 ). FA CC 0% EA+DHA 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 12:0 3.97±1.42 3.43±1.01 4.06±2.69 1.34±0.04 2.38±0.46 2.45±0.54 4.37±0.61 1.26±0.48 1.34±0.30 1.60±0.46 3.17±0.98 1.96±0.18 3.73±2.56 3.94±1.88 0.0559 14:0 0.82±0.48 0.49±0.49 0.42±0.29 0.42±0.07 0.31±0.17 0.42±0.13 0.41±0.47 0.17±0.02 0.32±0.06 0.33±0.08 0.59±0.34 0.24±0.23 0.77±0.82 0.65±0.20 0.8695 16:0 6.16±0.51 6.34±0.38 6.87±0.17 7.43±0.68 6.97±0.11 6.67±0.48 6.59±0.32 6.06±0.21 6.75±0.16 8.64±2.62 6.71±1.11 6.81±0.17 6.67±0.64 7.16±0.45 0.4545 18:0 27.6±1.02 28.0±2.38 27.4±0.35 29.9±1.77 30.4±1.32 27.5±2.68 27.9±0.16 28.3±0.00 27.9±0.84 25.3±3.32 27.5±0.54 29.6±1.30 28.1±0.43 27.9±0.55 0.3431 16:1n-9 0.17±0.08 0.08±0.08 0.11±0.15 0.24±0.34 0.11±0.16 0.23±0.08 0.25±0.03 0.08±0.12 0.12±0.06 0.40±0.15 0.31±0.34 0.10±0.13 0.33±0.01 0.15±0.14 0.6004 18:1n-9 8.90±0.54 8.86±0.62 9.13±1.48 8.93±0.23 8.41±0.40 7.65±0.98 8.07±0.85 8.89±0.84 8.18±0.27 8.50±1.52 8.41±0.25 8.84±0.05 7.70±0.35 8.01±0.12 0.6163 18:1n-7 1.20±0.15 1.02±0.23 0.86±0.02 1.12±0.19 0.89±0.02 0.93±0.05 0.89±0.11 1.04±0.21 1.08±0.28 1.23±0.33 1.16±0.36 1.00±0.04 0.85±0.09 0.87±0.02 0.4549 20:1n-9 1.11±0.07 0.58±0.10 0.82±0.22 0.97±0.36 0.62±0.15 0.72±0.06 0.89±0.11 0.83±0.13 0.87±0.19 1.02±0.41 0.96±0.44 0.43±0.47 0.87±0.12 0.65±0.05 0.3234 18:2n-6 1.21±0.88 2.89±1.04 2.48±0.40 2.12±0.07 2.00±0.19 1.98±0.31 2.20±0.16 2.33±0.08 2.26±0.25 2.06±0.30 2.47±0.32 2.30±0.02 1.85±0.03 2.24±0.31 0.4189 18:3n-6 0.04±0.04 0.11±0.00 0.04±0.06 0.12±0.17 0.10±0.04 0.11±0.09 0.12±0.05 0.00±0.00 0.02±0.03 0.00±0.00 0.18±0.26 0.16±0.06 0.19±0.26 0.09±0.13 0.6174 20:2n-6 0.68±0.47 0.75±0.77 0.27±0.03 0.64±0.33 0.32±0.03 0.22±0.19 0.21±0.30 0.38±0.01 0.65±0.02 0.63±0.33 0.61±0.30 0.64±0.37 0.40±0.08 0.54±0.29 0.5121 20:3n-6 1.67±0.07 2.36±0.10 a 2.41±0.07 a 1.91±0.07 abc 1.70±0.08 abcd 1.27±0.26 bcd 2.10±0.40 a 2.14±0.19 a 1.60±0.07 abcd 1.09±0.28 d 2.30±0.45 a 2.05±0.23 ab 1.65±0.00 abcd 1.23±0.09 cd <0.0001 20:4n-6 25.8±1.07 33.0±2.36 30.6±0.32 29.7±0.65 29.3±0.39 27.5±4.37 31.2±1.87 31.1±0.41 26.6±5.15 21.5±13.9 30.5±3.53 30.5±0.26 29.3±0.17 27.9±1.90 0.6832 22:5n-6 0.05±0.09 0.61±0.21 0.15±0.21 0.06±0.08 0.12±0.01 0.44±0.52 0.60±0.35 0.38±0.01 1.04±0.69 1.30±1.45 0.16±0.23 0.23±0.11 0.42±0.12 0.41±0.12 0.1621 18:3n-3 0.35±0.08 0.75±0.97 0.10±0.15 0.21±0.07 0.20±0.02 0.26±0.11 0.21±0.03 0.28±0.02 0.27±0.07 0.38±0.08 0.30±0.17 0.20±0.01 0.23±0.00 0.24±0.05 0.6967 20:5n-3 3.11±0.14 0.82±0.05c 1.51±0.08 abc 2.09±0.33 abc 2.95±0.07 a 3.26±0.58 a 0.75±0.08 c 1.03±0.08 bc 1.07±0.04 bc 1.63±1.13 abc 1.49±0.63 abc 1.55±0.24 abc 2.30±0.55 abc 2.61±0.49 ab 0.0003 22:5n-3 1.08±0.09 0.72±0.08 ab 1.09±0.25 ab 1.16±0.08 ab 1.23±0.02 ab 1.99±0.92 a 0.56±0.35 b 0.56±0.05 b 0.45±0.16 b 0.69±0.40 b 0.63±0.03 b 0.66±0.03 b 0.84±0.23 ab 0.75±0.10 ab 0.0053 22:6n-3 10.7±0.38 3.67±0.21 b 6.41±0.11 ab 6.46±0.14 ab 7.42±0.45 ab 7.44±1.31 ab 7.74±1.26 ab 9.12±1.09 ab 14.3±5.09 a 16.2±9.80 a 7.21±0.44 ab 8.48±0.40 ab 8.75±0.35 ab 9.33±0.68 ab 0.0138 20:3n-9 0.88±0.51 0.53±0.03 0.27±0.38 0.56±0.05 0.47±0.07 1.18±1.26 0.46±0.06 0.62±0.19 0.48±0.06 0.58±0.18 0.53±0.03 0.50±0.01 0.50±0.07 0.46±0.04 0.6919 1 Each statistical replicate originated from a pooled sample of skin from five fish.

values calculated by one-way ANOVA test or Mann-Whitney test within the dietary groups except CC. a-h Different superscript letters indicate significant differences between the diets (Tukey s test. <0.05). Table S4a. Fatty acid (FA) composition (% of total identified) in the phosphatidylcholine (C) fraction in skin of fish at 200 g weight (mean±se; n=3 for CC, 0% EA+DHA, and 2% EA and/or DHA, n=2 for other groups 1 ). FA CC 0% EA+DHA 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2% 12:0 0.34±0.06 0.36±0.11 0.35±0.07 0.23±0.00 0.55±0.15 0.53±0.20 0.45±0.13 0.28±0.08 0.34±0.11 0.39±0.04 0.49±0.06 0.45±0.01 0.30±0.10 0.37±0.05 0.7012 14:0 1.33±0.10 0.25±0.24 0.66±0.09 0.22±0.22 0.70±0.00 0.71±0.13 0.63±0.11 0.51±0.05 0.57±0.04 0.62±0.11 0.72±0.08 0.64±0.01 0.66±0.13 0.43±0.22 0.3683 16:0 29.5±1.19 30.7±0.96 30.6±0.48 29.6±0.64 33.6±1.14 31.7±0.69 31.1±1.90 31.3±1.11 32.5±1.80 31.2±1.26 30.9±0.99 29.7±0.56 32.1±1.94 31.7±1.21 0.704 18:0 3.74±0.21 4.41±0.03 4.28±0.01 3.94±0.00 4.24±0.07 4.50±0.55 3.98±0.14 3.73±0.14 3.89±0.19 3.89±0.14 4.21±0.17 3.88±0.10 4.06±0.31 4.08±0.15 0.5383 16:1n-9 1.74±0.20 1.79±0.09 2.61±0.97 1.42±0.08 1.65±0.22 1.94±0.49 1.76±0.17 2.69±0.95 1.45±0.13 2.53±0.60 1.76±0.06 1.61±0.02 2.77±1.00 2.51±0.43 0.5832 18:1n-9 20.1±0.48 25.2±0.74 a 22.4±0.52 ab 22.5±0.12 ab 22.9±1.18 ab 20.8±0.48 b 22.6±1.13 ab 21.6±0.71 ab 23.1±0.26 ab 20.8±0.58 b 22.3±0.29 ab 20.6±0.56 b 23.1±2.01 ab 21.7±0.34 ab 0.0183 18:1n-7 1.82±0.03 0.62±0.58 1.57±0.08 0.77±0.75 1.71±0.14 1.55±0.06 1.57±0.12 1.60±0.13 0.86±0.83 1.59±0.08 1.56±0.01 1.49±0.04 0.80±0.80 1.12±0.54 0.5866 20:1n-9 0.59±0.01 0.34±0.01 0.36±0.00 0.34±0.01 0.37±0.01 0.36±0.04 0.37±0.01 0.35±0.03 0.39±0.00 0.44±0.03 0.38±0.02 0.39±0.01 0.44±0.08 0.39±0.01 0.2684 18:2n-6 3.65±0.11 8.14±0.29 a 6.84±0.17 abc 6.22±0.03 bcd 4.86±0.32 ef 4.49±0.29 f 7.87±0.32 a 5.99±0.12 cde 5.42±0.26 def 5.33±0.03 def 7.53±0.21 ab 6.34±0.04 bcd 4.92±0.08 ef 4.60±0.19 f <0.0001 18:3n-6 0.10±0.03 0.93±0.05 a 0.49±0.00 b 0.32±0.01 c 0.21±0.00 de 0.15±0.01 e 0.53±0.03 b 0.30±0.01 cd 0.27±0.02 cd 0.16±0.00 e 0.51±0.03 b 0.31±0.02 c 0.26±0.01 cd 0.17±0.01 e <0.0001 20:2n-6 0.75±0.01 0.48±0.12 0.57±0.02 0.69±0.07 0.61±0.05 0.55±0.04 0.64±0.02 0.63±0.04 0.79±0.14 0.81±0.03 0.63±0.01 0.69±0.00 0.67±0.06 0.66±0.02 0.0768 20:3n-6 0.78±0.09 2.62±0.12 a 2.51±0.16 ab 1.63±0.14 cd 0.81±0.28 e 0.77±0.04 e 2.34±0.33 abc 1.65±0.03 bcd 1.10±0.13 de 0.83±0.02 e 2.45±0.10 abc 1.89±0.16 abc 1.06±0.12 de 0.80±0.04 e <0.0001 20:4n-6 2.47±0.17 8.53±0.31 a 5.92±0.35 b 3.97±0.30 cdef 2.89±0.10 f 2.84±0.07 f 5.65±0.91 bc 5.06±0.08 bcd 3.62±0.31 def 3.42±0.19 def 5.60±0.45 bc 4.57±0.29 bcde 3.23±0.45 ef 2.99±0.15 ef <0.0001 22:5n-6 0.25±0.13 0.97±0.30 0.46±0.22 0.34±0.01 0.11±0.11 0.17±0.09 0.63±0.63 0.77±0.55 0.77±0.61 0.67±0.47 0.59±0.31 0.87±0.05 0.47±0.32 0.40±0.25 0.7382 18:3n-3 0.53±0.03 0.61±0.04 0.55±0.00 0.60±0.02 0.46±0.05 0.43±0.05 0.58±0.05 0.47±0.06 0.44±0.03 0.47±0.02 0.60±0.05 0.54±0.01 0.44±0.03 0.44±0.04 0.0148 20:5n-3 6.85±0.44 2.26±0.18 g 5.63±0.03 cdef 9.95±0.86 ab 9.04±1.44 abc 11.0±0.95 a 2.81±0.34 g 3.34±0.27 fg 3.22±0.34 fg 3.55±0.26 efg 4.18±0.30 defg 6.66±0.13 bcd 6.22±1.05 cde 7.80±0.57 abc <0.0001 22:5n-3 0.92±0.06 0.73±0.05 defg 1.14±0.04 abc 1.60±0.07 a 1.32±0.16 ab 1.56±0.07 a 0.50±0.08 efg 0.43±0.05 fg 0.43±0.06 g 0.42±0.02 g 0.80±0.01 cde 0.88±0.07 bcd 0.76±0.12 cdef 0.84±0.07 cde <0.0001 22:6n-3 18.5±1.26 5.27±0.62c 8.57±0.76 bc 10.8±0.52 abc 8.66±0.91 bc 11.7±0.55 ab 10.3±1.67 bc 14.9±1.77 ab 15.7±2.44 ab 18.5±1.77 a 9.26±1.19 bc 13.6±0.63 ab 12.9±2.27 ab 14.8±1.25 ab <0.0001 20:3n-9 0.00±0.00 0.07±0.04 0.05±0.05 0.08±0.04 0.00±0.00 0.04±0.02 0.11±0.02 0.07±0.01 0.10±0.05 0.04±0.04 0.09±0.00 0.05±0.01 0.06±0.00 0.02±0.02 0.3157 Table S4b. Fatty acid (FA) composition (% of total identified) in the phosphatidylethanolamine (E) fraction in skin of fish at 200 g weight (mean±se; n=3 for CC, 0% EA+DHA, and 2% EA and/or DHA, n=2 for other groups 1 ). FA CC 0% EA+DHA 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2% 12:0 0.84±0.19 0.64±0.03 0.81±0.13 0.55±0.18 0.92±0.01 0.47±0.08 0.65±0.04 0.50±0.14 0.77±0.11 0.82±0.08 0.49±0.14 0.82±0.44 0.59±0.10 0.98±0.50 0.8085 14:0 0.39±0.13 0.19±0.03 0.15±0.01 0.11±0.11 0.25±0.01 0.42±0.18 0.13±0.13 0.20±0.01 0.06±0.06 0.23±0.07 0.18±0.07 0.17±0.04 0.16±0.01 0.34±0.12 0.3507 16:0 7.49±0.71 6.24±0.54 6.31±0.14 6.13±0.24 8.25±0.01 7.72±0.79 6.66±0.89 6.87±0.29 7.63±1.09 7.43±0.42 6.80±1.06 6.35±0.13 7.31±0.80 7.98±0.84 0.4093 18:0 6.03±0.54 5.53±0.31 5.70±0.21 5.28±0.03 6.59±0.24 6.17±0.32 5.99±0.55 5.83±0.58 5.93±0.74 6.24±0.50 6.27±1.24 5.55±0.28 6.09±0.86 6.30±0.32 0.8875 16:1n-9 0.77±0.50 0.21±0.21 0.28±0.28 0.00±0.00 0.56±0.05 0.88±0.66 0.34±0.34 0.44±0.44 0.32±0.32 0.34±0.18 0.21±0.21 0.22±0.22 0.26±0.26 0.55±0.30 0.9708

18:1n-9 17.3±0.87 17.1±1.03 16.2±0.60 15.3±0.24 16.6±0.66 16.0±1.41 17.6±1.09 15.8±1.36 17.2±1.76 16.8±1.07 18.0±0.38 16.7±0.62 16.5±1.78 16.6±1.09 0.9528 18:1n-7 4.76±1.33 2.19±0.07 2.71±0.50 2.19±0.02 2.61±0.04 2.44±0.09 2.42±0.04 2.33±0.23 2.67±0.19 2.61±0.20 1.31±1.22 2.43±0.03 2.53±0.17 2.59±0.15 0.3486 20:1n-9 1.71±0.07 0.82±0.03 b 1.01±0.01 ab 0.95±0.01 ab 1.13±0.01 ab 1.04±0.10 ab 1.06±0.08 ab 1.06±0.07 ab 1.19±0.06 a 1.25±0.08 a 1.10±0.07 ab 1.11±0.02 ab 1.19±0.10 a 1.11±0.04 ab 0.0094 18:2n-6 6.22±0.27 7.57±0.42 7.10±0.07 7.42±0.07 6.84±0.29 6.96±0.43 7.78±0.10 7.44±0.02 7.22±0.05 7.40±0.16 7.47±0.20 7.73±0.23 6.52±0.00 6.69±0.12 0.0718 18:3n-6 0.23±0.15 0.55±0.02 a 0.38±0.02 b 0.29±0.03 bcd 0.25±0.00 de 0.23±0.02 de 0.38±0.01 b 0.26±0.02 cde 0.25±0.02 de 0.22±0.01 de 0.35±0.02 bc 0.30±0.02 bcd 0.26±0.01 cde 0.20±0.01 e <0.0001 20:2n-6 1.26±0.01 0.51±0.17 b 0.96±0.09 ab 0.85±0.27 ab 1.12±0.01 ab 1.06±0.09 ab 0.97±0.09 ab 1.16±0.02 a 1.23±0.06 a 1.33±0.04 a 1.14±0.02 ab 1.20±0.01 a 1.15±0.03 ab 1.15±0.09 0.0097 20:3n-6 0.72±0.03 2.14±0.13 a 2.04±0.04 a 1.45±0.03 bc 1.01±0.00 de 0.86±0.04 e 1.78±0.09 ab 1.32±0.03 cd 0.88±0.07 e 0.70±0.04 e 1.89±0.09 ab 1.50±0.12 bc 0.93±0.11 e 0.72±0.03 e <0.0001 20:4n-6 5.10±0.23 16.6±0.79 a 11.2±0.64 b 7.80±0.27 def 5.95±0.24 fg 5.52±0.20 g 11.1±1.20 bc 9.21±0.26 bcd 6.89±0.43 defg 6.37±0.20 efg 10.8±0.63 bc 8.49±0.34 cde 6.25±0.37 efg 5.53±0.26 g <0.0001 22:5n-6 0.27±0.18 1.77±0.59 0.76±0.31 0.57±0.01 0.33±0.02 0.34±0.06 1.14±0.74 1.16±0.85 1.07±0.83 0.17±0.09 0.87±0.41 0.85±0.50 0.75±0.46 0.61±0.36 0.4275 18:3n-3 0.77±0.12 0.37±0.03 0.41±0.02 0.55±0.08 0.44±0.03 0.70±0.19 0.39±0.01 0.47±0.11 0.47±0.10 0.45±0.07 0.45±0.07 0.44±0.06 0.45±0.12 0.37±0.03 0.5239 20:5n-3 6.04±0.34 2.62±0.25 f 5.45±0.10 de 7.82±0.80 abc 8.09±0.09 ab 9.03±0.47 a 2.92±0.18 f 3.07±0.38 f 2.98±0.09 f 3.15±0.21 f 4.12±0.30 ef 5.61±0.12 cde 5.48±0.54 de 6.24±0.37 bcd <0.0001 22:5n-3 1.08±0.06 1.25±0.14 bc 1.69±0.00 ab 2.38±0.02 a 2.10±0.08 a 2.26±0.11 a 0.65±0.03 de 0.53±0.11 e 0.52±0.04 e 0.49±0.04 e 1.17±0.02 bc 1.13±0.10 bcd 1.07±0.13 cd 1.08±0.14 bcd <0.0001 22:6n-3 25.5±1.64 10.8±1.82 b 17.1±1.39 ab 20.7±0.73 ab 17.8±0.58 ab 20.2±1.78 ab 18.3±1.83 ab 22.7±1.99 a 23.8±3.79 a 24.9±2.04 a 17.2±2.84 ab 21.6±0.89 ab 22.2±3.65 ab 22.2±2.98 ab 0.0125 20:3n-9 0.06±0.06 0.18±0.03 0.11±0.02 0.14±0.00 0.14±0.01 0.13±0.07 0.16±0.01 0.14±0.03 0.16±0.01 0.12±0.06 0.18±0.00 0.07±0.07 0.13±0.02 0.11±0.06 0.9331 Table S4c. Fatty acid (FA) composition (% of total identified) in the phosphatidylserine (S) fraction in skin of fish at 200 g weight (mean±se; n=3 for CC, 0% EA+DHA, and 2% EA and/or DHA, n=2 for other groups 1 ). FA CC 0% EA+DHA 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2% 12:0 0.74±0.02 2.65±1.47 0.50±0.06 1.48±0.77 2.44±1.21 1.49±0.53 1.57±0.66 1.40±0.81 1.83±1.32 1.57±0.45 2.65±0.07 0.69±0.01 2.00±1.32 1.96±0.77 0.8393 14:0 0.73±0.22 0.08±0.08 0.27±0.17 0.43±0.23 0.59±0.16 0.51±0.12 0.26±0.03 0.45±0.45 0.34±0.23 0.46±0.16 0.68±0.18 0.22±0.01 0.54±0.36 0.43±0.24 0.579 16:0 17.4±4.88 14.1±2.68 15.2±4.92 12.6±0.84 19.4±10.11 16.4±3.94 13.2±0.59 13.7±0.13 16.2±3.43 14.1±1.29 15.5±4.09 11.3±0.39 16.2±5.00 15.3±2.14 0.9924 18:0 17.6±3.29 21.7±2.81 17.6±7.75 22.5±1.17 16.5±11.04 20.1±4.35 25.4±2.62 23.8±3.11 21.6±1.48 20.1±3.03 24.0±0.35 26.3±1.25 20.4±3.67 23.2±0.47 0.8967 16:1n-9 0.80±0.19 0.23±0.23 0.54±0.54 0.48±0.48 0.82±0.82 0.93±0.79 0.16±0.16 0.18±0.18 0.50±0.21 0.09±0.09 0.33±0.33 0.11±0.11 0.51±0.51 0.31±0.19 0.9928 18:1n-9 12.7±2.07 11.7±1.50 12.5±3.75 9.51±0.22 13.4±4.01 11.1±2.90 9.92±0.24 10.2±0.96 11.0±1.86 10.3±0.88 11.7±2.20 9.10±0.21 11.6±3.88 10.9±1.25 0.9894 18:1n-7 2.30±0.26 1.96±0.29 1.85±0.08 1.81±0.12 1.61±0.19 1.84±0.08 1.73±0.05 1.79±0.06 1.79±0.12 1.53±0.13 1.98±0.09 1.78±0.03 1.80±0.07 1.75±0.09 0.7001 20:1n-9 2.04±0.72 1.01±0.15 1.08±0.21 1.10±0.04 1.23±0.80 1.00±0.16 1.15±0.04 1.14±0.02 1.01±0.16 1.09±0.09 1.10±0.21 1.28±0.03 1.08±0.21 1.13±0.07 0.9998 18:2n-6 2.59±0.29 3.75±0.22 4.19±1.30 3.13±0.09 3.25±1.30 2.79±0.44 2.83±0.63 3.06±0.64 3.55±0.46 3.13±0.35 3.60±0.68 2.69±0.19 3.48±0.88 3.00±0.32 0.9017 18:3n-6 0.17±0.10 0.42±0.06 0.40±0.10 0.23±0.02 1.06±0.84 0.20±0.08 0.31±0.02 0.34±0.10 0.24±0.05 0.28±0.07 0.29±0.02 0.28±0.06 0.23±0.02 0.12±0.06 0.2904 20:2n-6 0.91±0.16 1.28±0.22 0.90±0.28 1.19±0.02 0.65±0.01 1.01±0.12 1.03±0.10 1.20±0.02 1.15±0.15 1.24±0.02 0.61±0.45 1.34±0.04 1.05±0.12 0.86±0.43 0.7178 20:3n-6 0.71±0.10 2.56±0.13 a 2.49±0.11 a 1.47±0.06 bc 1.01±0.02 bcde 0.77±0.06 de 1.68±0.20 ab 1.23±0.21 bcde 0.91±0.05 cde 0.83±0.11 cde 1.42±0.36 bcd 1.45±0.17 bc 1.03±0.05 bcde 0.73±0.02 e <0.0001 20:4n-6 2.08±0.21 6.63±0.19 a 5.52±1.1 0ab 3.09±0.09 bc 2.83±0.70 c 2.80±0.56 c 4.29±0.48 abc 3.59±0.60 bc 3.18±0.18 bc 2.73±0.19 c 3.72±0.06 bc 3.15±0.25 bc 2.86±0.24 c 2.27±0.15 c <0.0001 22:5n-6 0.45±0.29 3.32±1.23 1.57±0.49 0.98±0.04 0.26±0.05 0.53±0.17 1.89±1.31 1.81±1.23 1.66±1.32 1.30±0.89 1.55±0.83 1.45±0.79 1.04±1.04 0.90±0.66 0.6903 18:3n-3 0.35±0.02 0.25±0.09 0.37±0.21 0.20±0.01 0.57±0.07 0.21±0.04 0.11±0.11 0.12±0.04 0.28±0.04 0.23±0.04 0.20±0.07 0.39±0.24 0.21±0.04 0.22±0.02 0.2219 20:5n-3 3.67±0.88 1.56±0.15 4.34±2.22 3.44±0.20 7.30±4.02 5.01±1.77 1.60±0.02 1.54±0.46 1.62±0.05 1.83±0.29 1.54±0.04 2.08±0.02 2.35±0.03 2.55±0.10 0.0442 22:5n-3 1.67±0.32 2.54±0.65 ab 3.23±0.78 ab 4.87±0.39 a 2.47±0.77 ab 3.93±0.93 ab 1.38±0.22 b 1.13±0.13 b 1.02±0.21 b 1.03±0.14 b 1.99±0.43 ab 2.44±0.14 ab 1.94±0.64 ab 1.99±0.29 ab 0.0035 22:6n-3 25.0±3.64 16.1±2.61 21.0±4.80 26.3±0.92 15.1±2.20 22.9±4.86 22.8±3.70 25.8±1.54 25.5±5.05 29.0±0.81 18.8±5.55 27.1±0.65 24.0±7.84 24.3±3.56 0.3299 20:3n-9 0.36±0.07 0.60±0.34 0.45±0.10 0.31±0.01 0.15±0.03 0.23±0.11 0.31±0.01 0.34±0.05 0.54±0.22 0.51±0.23 0.68±0.32 0.42±0.08 0.39±0.11 0.63±0.18 0.6654

Table S4d. Fatty acid (FA) composition (% of total identified) in the phosphatidylinositol (I) fraction in skin of fish at 200 g weight (mean±se; n=3 for CC, 0% EA+DHA, and 2% EA and/or DHA, n=2 for other groups 1 ). FA CC 0% EA+DHA 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2% 12:0 1.85±0.71 3.65±1.66 1.33±0.13 2.34±0.20 3.83±0.43 1.67±0.32 3.59±1.89 2.08±0.35 2.51±2.00 1.40±0.11 1.42±0.69 2.10±1.20 2.74±2.03 2.15±0.57 0.8852 14:0 0.32±0.09 0.76±0.28 0.13±0.13 0.55±0.10 0.27±0.27 0.23±0.12 1.30±0.02 0.00±0.00 0.39±0.39 0.27±0.02 0.24±0.24 0.48±0.48 0.78±0.31 0.30±0.16 0.2658 16:0 9.89±1.88 9.91±1.12 9.88±0.59 8.79±1.83 12.6±0.47 10.1±1.21 9.67±0.29 8.39±0.65 10.1±0.20 11.1±0.62 9.97±0.39 8.39±0.19 9.84±1.50 9.92±0.80 0.371 18:0 24.6±4.33 30.0±1.09 28.4±2.24 26.2±3.16 27.1±2.58 25.6±5.98 30.3±1.66 25.9±5.48 31.1±1.73 31.7±1.41 31.6±3.34 32.3±2.14 29.4±1.51 31.4±0.37 0.8173 16:1n-9 0.52±0.30 0.25±0.25 0.20±0.20 0.13±0.13 1.52±0.28 0.21±0.12 0.68±0.52 0.13±0.13 0.25±0.25 0.45±0.11 0.28±0.28 0.40±0.21 0.66±0.34 0.18±0.10 0.3351 18:1n-9 10.7±2.02 9.60±0.59 9.94±0.79 7.88±0.99 10.2±0.73 11.1±2.53 9.08±1.23 12.0±4.26 7.86±0.22 8.56±0.17 9.05±0.05 8.28±0.02 8.70±0.30 7.40±0.46 0.6041 18:1n-7 2.18±0.52 1.39±0.28 1.42±0.16 0.87±0.04 1.57±0.12 1.58±0.51 1.21±0.32 1.53±0.46 1.39±0.31 1.21±0.23 1.38±0.33 1.05±0.10 1.36±0.28 1.35±0.11 0.9124 20:1n-9 1.07±0.33 0.70±0.28 0.85±0.25 0.43±0.02 0.88±0.23 0.71±0.21 0.67±0.09 0.97±0.57 0.79±0.50 0.81±0.28 0.84±0.31 0.45±0.00 0.90±0.42 0.89±0.21 0.9836 18:2n-6 2.50±0.53 3.10±0.21 3.40±0.77 2.68±0.37 3.09±0.36 3.55±1.05 3.16±0.01 3.98±1.18 2.04±0.40 2.51±0.38 2.79±0.62 2.43±0.30 2.46±0.52 1.80±0.46 0.4069 18:3n-6 0.20±0.12 0.08±0.05 0.20±0.20 0.24±0.02 0.10±0.10 0.08±0.04 0.18±0.18 0.17±0.17 0.36±0.15 0.07±0.04 0.38±0.21 0.00±0.00 0.11±0.00 0.23±0.13 0.6637 20:2n-6 0.94±0.16 1.31±0.20 1.05±0.19 0.73±0.02 0.99±0.24 0.82±0.39 1.03±0.50 0.86±0.27 1.30±0.13 0.96±0.12 0.89±0.30 1.23±0.11 0.60±0.60 1.08±0.11 0.7847 20:3n-6 1.12±0.27 2.37±0.07 a 1.87±0.19 abc 1.66±0.22 abcd 1.17±0.09 bcd 0.97±0.09 d 1.80±0.10 abcd 1.43±0.10 abcd 0.98±0.23 d 0.94±0.13 d 1.99±0.07 ab 1.76±0.08 abcd 1.14±0.26 bcd 1.08±0.17 cd <0.0001 20:4n-6 15.8±5.66 19.2±5.17 19.6±2.79 22.8±0.33 11.5±6.63 16.6±5.47 21.8±4.01 22.0±2.18 14.8±7.26 17.8±4.90 17.7±6.96 25.6±0.50 14.8±8.00 13.2±4.65 0.845 22:5n-6 0.07±0.07 0.40±0.20 0.20±0.20 1.20±0.69 0.00±0.00 0.18±0.10 0.21±0.21 0.30±0.30 0.29±0.29 0.24±0.24 0.21±0.21 0.00±0.00 0.19±0.19 0.24±0.24 0.7215 18:3n-3 0.99±0.71 0.00±0.00 0.29±0.05 0.00±0.00 0.40±0.20 0.22±0.11 0.13±0.13 0.22±0.22 0.07±0.07 0.19±0.10 0.21±0.21 0.21±0.04 0.15±0.01 0.17±0.10 0.5196 20:5n-3 3.13±0.53 1.14±0.14 c 2.42±0.17 abc 3.49±0.01 ab 3.18±0.53 ab 4.99±1.02 a 0.99±0.04 c 1.94±0.42 bc 1.04±0.11 c 1.14±0.29 c 1.52±0.30 bc 1.83±0.20 bc 2.33±0.54 abc 2.66±0.24 abc <0.0001 22:5n-3 0.90±0.18 1.19±0.63 ab 1.53±0.53 ab 1.06±0.11 ab 2.56±1.51 a 1.73±0.27 ab 0.16±0.16 b 0.75±0.35 ab 0.45±0.09 ab 0.58±0.04 ab 1.29±0.59 ab 0.59±0.02 ab 1.23±0.53 ab 1.18±0.25 ab 0.0771 22:6n-3 14.2±4.32 7.21±2.03 11.6±2.69 6.72±0.78 13.1±7.52 11.0±2.63 8.37±1.68 11.7±1.20 16.6±6.74 13.6±3.32 11.9±3.98 7.76±0.19 15.9±6.05 15.9±3.25 0.5714 20:3n-9 0.61±0.14 1.11±0.36 0.61±0.01 0.63±0.05 0.69±0.11 0.65±0.27 0.89±0.31 1.42±0.49 0.89±0.54 0.60±0.15 0.44±0.09 1.08±0.19 0.45±0.09 0.54±0.24 0.5422 1 Each statistical replicate originated from a pooled sample of skin from five fish. values calculated by one-way ANOVA or Mann-Whitney test within the dietary groups except CC. a-g Different superscript letters indicate significant differences between diets (Tukey s test. <0.05).