Physical development September 13 Minodora Grigorescu Mothercraft College
Agenda Individual presentations Patterns of growth Gross and Fine motor skills Sleep Nutrition Individual presentations
Individual presentations Marking criteria: Accuracy of information /3 Method of delivery /1 Class engagement /2 Pro's and Con's for the material presented /2 Reflective presentation/applicability /1 References APA style /1
Differences What are some visible differences between a 5 yrs old s body and a 2 yrs old? Chapter 8, p 236
Patterns of growth Growth patterns vary individually ( Florin & Ludwig, 2011) Due to heredity and environment Facts: African American children are taller than non-latino white children Urban, middle class children are taller than rural, lower SES and late born children Mothers that smoked during the pregnancy gave birth to ½ inch shorter babies
Why???? Genetic factors Prenatal problems Maternal smoking during pregnancy Emotional imbalance Abuse, neglect Growth hormone deficiency Albertsson- Wikland, 2011; Wit, Kiess, & Mullis, 2011
Neuronal changes The brain Dopamine increases for 3-6 yrs old children Diamond, 2001) Myelination- a process in which nerve cells are covered and insulated with a layer of fat cells; this process will be complete in middle childhood or later Structural changes brain architecture and technology Executive Functions maturation cognitive and social skills
Activity level increases due to Increased endurance, mobility Cognitive and social skills acquired Related to abilities Prior experiences Increase level of difficulty due to brain development Memory Sleeping and nutrition
Gross Motor and Fine Motor Increased abilities due to Activity levels Use the Fish bone diagram to discuss GM and FM abilities of preschoolers Create a T chart with GM and FM skills
Preschool, Kindergarten (2.5 to 6 years) 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.3 1.4 1.5 Physical Social Making Friends 1.1 Conflict Resolution and 1.2 Social Problem-Solving Skills Peer Group Entry Skills Helping Skills Interacting Positively and Respectfully Co-operating Empathy Taking Another Person s Point of View Interacting With Adults Increasing Levels of Activity, Endurance and Variation in Types of Activity and Skills Gross Motor Skills Walking Jumping Hopping Galloping Throwing Riding Movement and Expression Fine Motor Skills Dressing Eating Tool Use Drawing Auditory Skills and Music Adapted by Minodora Grigorescu ( 2010) from the ELECT 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Emotional Self-concept Identity Formation Self-esteem Recognizing and Expressing Emotions Regulating Attention, Emotions and Behaviour Positive Attitudes Towards Learning Using Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication Using English and Child s Home Language Vocabulary Conversing With Peers And Adults Using Descriptive Language to Explain, Explore and Extend Listening to Others 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 Enjoying Literacy Using and Understanding Power Of Literacy Retelling Stories Phonological Awareness Letter Recognition Understanding Orientation and Familiar Convention of Print Matching Spoken Words With Written Ones Cognition 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 4.20 4.21 Beginning to Write Letters of Alphabet and Some High-Frequency Words Communication, Language, and Literacy Self-Regulation Problem Solving Representation Questioning Observing Collecting and Organizing Information Reflecting and Reaching Conclusions Communicating Findings Reasoning Logically Causality Sequential Change Exploring Transformations and Hypothesizing Classifying Seriating 4.22 Counting Determining Quantity Comparing Quantities Representing Numbers Describing and Determining Ordinal Number and Position Understanding Two- Dimensional and Three Dimensional Shapes Identifying Patterns Measuring Length, Weight and Capacity, Temp, Time, Money Completing Simple Number Operations Using Number Symbols and Operations Using Spatial Relations, Directions, Maps
Sleep According to National Sleep foundation, Preschoolers should sleep 11-13 hrs Naps reduced to 1, preschoolers sleep more during the night uninterrupted ( Owens & Mindell, 2011) Bedtime resistance was associated in one study to Hyperactivity and behavioural problems ( Carvalho Bos & others, 2009)
Sleep problems Boyle & Cropley, 2004- estimate that 40% of preschoolers may experience sleep problems Lack of sleep may lead to alcohol use in adolescence ( Wong & others, 2010) Chronic sleep disorders may result in impaired brain development ( Jan & others, 2010) Not enough sleep may affect attention, focus, and other cognitive abilities ( O Callaghan & others, 2010) Sleep deprivation was linked to overweight ( Hart, Cairns, & Jelalian, 2010)
Sleep problems Nightmares frightening dreams Night Terrors intense fear Somnambulism occurs during deepest stage of sleep; 1-5% of children sleepwalk Sleep Talking
Nutrition Group work from Children, p. 245-249 Energy needs Eating Diet Parenting feeding styles Fat and sugar consumption Snacking Fussy eaters Overweight children Malnutrition
References Santrock J. W., (2013), Children, NY- McGraw- Hill.