Table of Contents Preface...xv Part I: Medical Tests for Healthy Living Chapter 1 Regular Health Exams Are Important... 3 Section 1.1 Healthy Men... 4 Section 1.2 Healthy Women... 9 Section 1.3 Five Minutes (or Less) for Health... 13 Section 1.4 Check-Up Checklist: Things to Do before Your Next Check-Up... 21 Section 1.5 When Getting Medical Tests... 23 Chapter 2 Family History... 25 Section 2.1 Importance of Knowing Family History... 26 Section 2.2 FAQs on Family History... 27 Chapter 3 Questions about Medical Tests... 31 Part II: Screening and Preventive Care Tests Chapter 4 Newborn Screening Tests... 35 Section 4.1 Importance of Newborn Screening... 36 v
Section 4.2 Talk with Your Doctor about Newborn Screening... 38 Section 4.3 Facts about Birth Defects... 40 Section 4.4 Developmental Monitoring and Screening... 43 Section 4.5 Screening Test for Baby s Hearing Capabilities... 45 Section 4.6 Vaccine Recommendations for Infants and Children... 49 Chapter 5 Preventive Care for Children and Adolescents... 57 Section 5.1 Recommended Screening Tests for Children and Adolescents... 58 Section 5.2 Child and Teen BMI... 78 Section 5.3 Tips for Parents Ideas to Help Children Maintain a Healthy Weight... 83 Section 5.4 Screening Test for Child s Vision... 88 Section 5.5 Get Your Teen Screened for Depression... 90 Chapter 6 Preventive Care and Screening Test Guidelines for Adults... 95 Section 6.1 Recommended Screening Tests for Adults... 96 Section 6.2 Facts on Adult BMI... 114 Section 6.3 Tips for Adults Preventing Weight Gain and Importance of Physical Activity... 119 Section 6.4 Get Your Blood Pressure Checked... 124 Section 6.5 Talk with Your Doctor about Depression... 128 Section 6.6 Get Your Cholesterol Checked... 130 Section 6.7 Get Tested for Chlamydia and Gonorrhea... 135 Section 6.8 Get Tested for HIV... 137 vi
Chapter 7 Screening Tests for Women... 143 Section 7.1 Recommended Screening Tests for Women... 144 Section 7.2 Get Tested for Breast Cancer... 149 Section 7.3 Get Tested for Cervical Cancer.. 151 Section 7.4 Get Tested for Colorectal Cancer... 155 Chapter 8 Preventive Care and Screening for Seniors... 159 Section 8.1 FAQs on Preventive Care and Screening for Seniors... 160 Section 8.2 Recommended Screenings for Seniors Men... 165 Section 8.3 Recommended Screenings for Seniors Women... 167 Section 8.4 Get a Bone Density Test... 170 Section 8.5 Get Your Vision Tested... 174 Section 8.6 Get Your Hearing Checked... 178 Section 8.7 Recommended Immunizations for Seniors... 180 Chapter 9 Genetic Testing... 183 Section 9.1 Frequently Asked Questions about Genetic Testing... 184 Section 9.2 Inheriting Genetic Conditions... 192 Chapter 10 Screening Tests for Immigrants and Refugees... 199 Part III: Laboratory Tests Chapter 11 Understanding Laboratory Tests... 207 Chapter 12 Lead Screening Test... 209 Chapter 13 Common Blood Tests... 215 Chapter 14 Biopsies... 221 Section 14.1 Breast Biopsy... 222 vii
Section 14.2 Liver Biopsy... 223 Section 14.3 Other Biopsies... 230 Chapter 15 Bone Marrow Tests... 233 Chapter 16 Stool Tests... 239 Section 16.1 Colorectal Cancer and Stool Test... 240 Section 16.2 Detection of Parasite Antigens... 243 Chapter 17 Strep Throat Test... 249 Part IV: Imaging Tests and Risks Chapter 18 Medical X-Ray Imaging... 255 Chapter 19 Risks of Medical Imaging... 259 Section 19.1 Overview on Risks of Medical Imaging... 260 Section 19.2 FAQs on Radiation and Risks... 263 Section 19.3 Radiation Exposure from CT Scan and Its Effects on Children... 266 Chapter 20 Radiography... 269 Chapter 21 Contrast Radiography... 271 Section 21.1 Coronary Angiography... 272 Section 21.2 Lower Gastrointestinal (GI) Series... 276 Section 21.3 Upper Gastrointestinal (GI) Series... 281 Section 21.4 Lung Ventilation / Perfusion Scan... 286 Chapter 22 Ultrasound Imaging... 291 Section 22.1 Overview of Ultrasound Imaging... 292 Section 22.2 Carotid Ultrasound... 294 viii
Chapter 23 Computed Tomography (CT) Scan... 299 Section 23.1 Overview of Computed Tomography... 300 Section 23.2 Full-Body Computed Tomography... 303 Section 23.3 Chest Computed Tomography Scan... 305 Section 23.4 Computed Tomography and Its Role in Cancer Treatment... 311 Section 23.5 Virtual Colonoscopy... 317 Chapter 24 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scan... 325 Section 24.1 Overview of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan... 326 Section 24.2 Cardiac MRI... 328 Chapter 25 Nuclear Heart Scan... 333 Chapter 26 Coronary Calcium Scan... 339 Chapter 27 Mammography... 345 Chapter 28 Pediatric X-Ray Imaging... 353 Chapter 29 Fluoroscopy... 357 Part V: Catheterization, Endoscopic, and Electrical Tests and Assessments Chapter 30 Cardiac Catheterization... 363 Chapter 31 Endoscopic Procedures... 369 Section 31.1 Bronchoscopy... 370 Section 31.2 Capsule Endoscopy... 375 Section 31.3 Colonoscopy... 377 Section 31.4 Cystoscopy and Ureteroscopy... 382 Section 31.5 Upper Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopy... 389 ix
Section 31.6 Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)... 393 Section 31.7 Flexible Sigmoidoscopy... 397 Chapter 32 Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE)... 403 Chapter 33 Electrocardiograms (EKG) and Holter and Event Monitors... 411 Part VI: Screening and Assessments for Specific Conditions and Diseases Chapter 34 Allergy Testing... 425 Section 34.1 Testing for Environmental Allergies... 426 Section 34.2 Testing for Pollen Allergy... 430 Section 34.3 Testing for Food Allergy... 433 Chapter 35 Asthma Testing... 441 Chapter 36 Bladder and Kidney Function Tests... 449 Section 36.1 Urodynamic Testing... 450 Section 36.2 Testing for Kidney Disease... 456 Chapter 37 Cancer Screening Tests... 461 Section 37.1 Cancer Screening Overview... 462 Section 37.2 Screening for Bladder and Other Urothelial Cancers... 468 Section 37.3 Screening for Colorectal Cancer... 472 Section 37.4 Screening for Esophageal Cancer... 476 Section 37.5 Screening for Liver (Hepatocellular) Cancer... 481 Section 37.6 Screening for Neuroblastoma... 485 Section 37.7 Screening for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer... 487 x
Section 37.8 Screening for Skin Cancer... 491 Section 37.9 Screening for Stomach (Gastric) Cancer... 496 Chapter 38 Cancer Screening Tests for Women... 501 Section 38.1 Screening for Breast Cancer... 502 Section 38.2 Screening for Cervical Cancer... 509 Section 38.3 Screening for Endometrial Cancer... 513 Section 38.4 Screening for Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, and Primary Peritoneal Cancer... 517 Chapter 39 Cancer Screening Tests for Men... 521 Section 39.1 Screening for Prostate Cancer... 522 Section 39.2 Screening for Testicular Cancer... 525 Chapter 40 Celiac Disease Tests... 529 Chapter 41 Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Tests... 535 Chapter 42 Diagnostic Tests for Diabetes and Prediabetes... 543 Section 42.1 Overview of Diagnostic Tests for Diabetes and Prediabetes... 544 Section 42.2 Blood Glucose Meter... 556 Chapter 43 Heart and Vascular Disease Screening and Diagnostic Tests... 561 Chapter 44 Infectious Disease Testing... 565 Section 44.1 Tests for HIV / AIDS... 566 Section 44.2 Flu/Influenza Testing... 578 Section 44.3 Test for Hepatitis... 580 Section 44.4 Tests for Chlamydia... 584 Section 44.5 Test for Tuberculosis... 586 Section 44.6 Malaria Testing... 589 xi
Chapter 45 Lung Function Tests... 593 Chapter 46 Sleep Disorder Tests... 603 Chapter 47 Thyroid and Other Endocrine Tests... 615 Section 47.1 Thyroid Tests... 616 Section 47.2 Graves Disease Testing... 624 Section 47.3 Hashimoto s Disease Testing... 627 Chapter 48 Vision Tests... 633 Section 48.1 Color Blindness Testing... 634 Section 48.2 Cataract Testing... 635 Section 48.3 Tests for Diabetic Eye Disease... 638 Section 48.4 Tests for Glaucoma... 642 Chapter 49 Balance (Vestibular) Disorder Tests... 645 Part VII: Home and Self-Ordered Tests Chapter 50 Overview of Home and Self-Ordered Tests... 653 Chapter 51 Cholesterol Home Testing... 655 Chapter 52 Drugs of Abuse Home-Use Test... 659 Chapter 53 Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing... 663 Chapter 54 Hepatitis C Home Test... 667 Chapter 55 HIV Home Test... 671 Chapter 56 Menopause Home Test... 675 Chapter 57 Fecal Occult Blood Test... 683 Chapter 58 Gynecological Concerns Home Tests... 687 Part VIII: Additional Help and Information Chapter 59 Glossary of Terms Related to Medical Tests... 695 xii
Chapter 60 Online Health Screening Tools... 703 Chapter 61 Directory of Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Programs... 711 Chapter 62 Organizations with Resources for People Undergoing Medical Tests... 721 Index... 729 xiii