MY SIMPLE VIEW OF LIFE Love Fear
GROUNDBREAKING DISCOVERIES ABOUT THE BRAIN HAVE REVOLUTIONIZED OUR UNDERSTANDING OF COMPULSIVE DRUG USE, ENABLING US TO RESPOND EFFECTIVELY TO THE PROBLEM. NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE
SCIENTISTS HAVE DONE THEIR PART AND TAUGHT US THAT ADDICTION IS A CHRONIC DISEASE OF THE BRAIN. THOSE WHO SUFFER FOR ADDICTION CONTINUE TO BE A MARGINALIZED POPULATION. ONE WAY THE MOST PROFOUND WAYS THOSE WHO SUFFER FROM THE CHRONIC BRAIN DISEASE OF ADDICTION ARE MARGINALIZED IS OUR COLLECTIVE SNUBBING OF INFORMATION, BASED ON THE SCIENCE OF ADDICTION AND RECOVERY, ON HOW TO PROVIDE EFFECTIVE TREATMENT AND TO SUPPORT PEOPLE IN RECOVERY OVER TIME.
IN MAY, 2014 A GROUP OF FIVE NOBEL PRIZE WINNING ECONOMISTS ANNOUNCED IT WAS TIME TO END THE WAR ON DRUGS (ENDING THE DRUG WARS, 2014). THE WAR ON DRUGS WAS DECLARED BY PRESIDENT NIXON IN 1971. SINCE THEN APPROXIMATELY A TRILLION DOLLARS HAS BEEN SPENT ON THIS WAR WITH VERY LITTLE TO SHOW.
SURPRISE: PEOPLE USE DRUGS THE U.S. GOVERNMENT ESTIMATES THAT MORE THAN 118 MILLION AMERICANS ABOVE THE AGE OF 12 ADMIT TO USING DRUGS APPROXIMATELY 47% OF THE POPULATION. UNDER THREAT ARE NATURAL TENDENCY IS TO ACT COMPULSIVELY. FEAR/THREAT: REWARD AND RELIEF. 1/10 ARE VULNERABLE GENETICALLY, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND PSYCHOLOGICALLY TO MANIFEST WITH ADDICTION. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, September 2010. Results from the 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health
PEOPLE NEED HELP AND SUPPORT ONE IN 10 AMERICANS OVER THE AGE OF 12 CAN BE CLASSIFIED WITH A SEVERE SUBSTANCE USE PROBLEM OR ALCOHOLISM/ADDICTION. ACCORDING TO THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 23.5 MILLION PEOPLE WHO SUFFER FROM A BRAIN DISEASE ARE IN NEED OF TREATMENT YET ONLY 10% ACTUALLY RECEIVE IT (U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES. SAMHSA, SEPTEMBER 2010, RESULTS FROM THE 2009 NATIONAL SURVEY ON DRUG USE AND HEALTH. P. 84). THE PRIMARY REASON INDIVIDUALS DO NOT RECEIVE TREATMENT IS A FUNCTION OF NOT BEING ABLE TO AFFORD IT; IN ESSENCE THEY ARE PRICED OUT OF TREATMENT.
NO HELP VS ACUTE HELP VS LONG TERM SUPPORT IF I CAN GO TO TREATMENT I TYPICALLY GET 28 90 DAYS WHO WINS IN ACUTE MODELS: TREATMENT PROVIDERS, THIRD PARTY PAYERS WIN WHO LOSES? CONTINUING TO TREAT ADDICTION ACUTELY, IS AKIN TO STABILIZING A DIABETIC IN THE HOSPITAL, GIVING THEM 30 90 DAYS OF INSULIN, AND THEN SENDING THEM HOME.
THE VERY NATURE OF CHRONIC DISEASES, LIKE DIABETES & ADDICTION, IS THAT THEY ARE ALWAYS COMPLEX, A MOVING TARGET, CONTINUE ACROSS A LIFETIME, AND NEED CONSISTENT SUPPORT. WE MUST TREAT CHRONIC DISEASES WITH LONG TERM CARE AND/OR LONG TERM SUPPORT MODELS
EXTENDING SUPPORT AND CARE EXTENDING THE CONTINUUM OF CARE: PROVIDERS AND THIRD PARTY PAYERS WOULD SUPPORT AND IMPLEMENT EXTENDING THE CONTINUUM OF CARE FOR SEVERAL MONTHS, AND WHERE APPROPRIATE YEARS, POST TREATMENT. COMMUNICATION AND COORDINATION: PROVIDERS AND THIRD PARTY PAYERS WOULD SUPPORT THE COORDINATION AND COMMUNICATION BETWEEN MULTIPLE HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS/SYSTEMS SO ALL PROFESSIONALS PROVIDING CARE WOULD BE ON THE SAME PAGE AND HAVE ACCESS TO THE SAME INFORMATION. GATHERING DATA AND DOING RECOVERY RESEARCH: EXTENDING THE CONTINUUM OF CARE ALLOWS RECOVERY PROFESSIONALS TO GATHER LONGITUDINAL DATA AND ANALYZE THAT DATA TO REFINE TREATMENT MODELS AND TO PROVIDE IMPROVED SUPPORT.
EXTENDING CARE ACTUALLY WORKS COLLEGIATE RECOVERY COMMUNITIES THE ASSOCIATION OF RECOVERY IN HIGHER EDUCATION (ARHE) IS A NONPROFIT ORGANIZATION THAT CREATES, CONNECTS, AND SUSTAINS COLLEGIATE RECOVERY PROGRAMS (CRPS) ACROSS THE COUNTRY. COLLEGIATE RECOVERY REFERS TO SUPPORT SERVICES AT COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES FOR STUDENTS IN OR SEEKING RECOVERY FROM DRUG AND ALCOHOL ADDICTION. ARHE REPRESENTS OVER 125 COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES THAT OFFER SUCH PROGRAMS. THE FIELD CONTINUES TO GROW AT AN EXPONENTIAL RATE. THE NUMBER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES PROVIDING RECOVERY SUPPORT SERVICES HAS GROWN BY APPROXIMATELY 773% FROM 2012 TO 2017.
IS THERE A SINGLE OR PREFERRED MODEL? MOST CRP S ARE IN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS CRP ARE FREE OF CHARGE FOR STUDENTS ½ HAVE FORMAL APPLICATION PROCESSES NONE ACCEPT MANDATED STUDENTS 40% REQUIRE A BEHAVIORAL CONTRACT MOST MONITOR FOR BOTH RECOVERY AND ACADEMICS >75% OFFER SUPPORT SERVICES (E.G., 12 STEP MEETINGS, RELAPSE PREVENTION/LIFE SKILLS CLASSES, RECOVERY EVENTS) 65% PROVIDE ACADEMIC ADVISING 40% RECOVERY HOUSING MOST CRPS DEFINE RELAPSE AS A USE EVENT ALL CRPS HAVE HIGHER RETENTION (5% HIGHER) AND GRADUATION RATES (21%) THEN INSTITUTION AS A WHOLE Laudet, A. B., Harris, K., Winters, K., Moberg, D., & Kimball, T. (2014). Nationwide survey of collegiate recovery programs: Is there a single model? Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 140, e117. NIDA Funded
SALZER S SOCIAL SUPPORT THEORY & APPLICATION IN THE COLLEGIATE RECOVERY PROGRAMS EMOTIONAL: COMMUNITY ACCEPTANCE AND FEELING OF INCLUSION. INSTRUMENTAL: MATERIAL ASSISTANCE FROM UNIVERSITY, FRIENDS, FAMILY, AND AGENCIES. AFFILIATION: FAVORABLE POSITION IN A COMMUNITY, HELPFUL FEEDBACK, AND PUBLIC EXPRESSION OF APPROVAL. INFORMATIONAL: ADVICE, SUGGESTIONS, EASY ACCESS TO SUPPORT IN TIMES OF NEED.
INFORMATIONAL AND EMOTIONAL SUPPORT INFORMATIONAL - ADVICE, SUGGESTIONS, EASY ACCESS TO SUPPORT IN TIMES OF NEED: ACADEMIC ADVISING SEMINAR COURSES, PEER FEEDBACK, SUGGESTIONS AND ADVICE CAMPUS CONTACTS IN ADMISSIONS, FINANCIAL AID, HOUSING, ETC. SPACE EMOTIONAL - COMMUNITY ACCEPTANCE AND FEELING OF INCLUSION: COMMUNITY GATHERINGS STAFF AND PEER SUPPORT EASY ACCESS TO A DIVERSE STAFF COMMUNITY LUNCHES SPACE GROUP TRIPS AND SERVICE PROJECTS
INSTRUMENTAL AND AFFILIATION SUPPORT INSTRUMENTAL - MATERIAL ASSISTANCE FROM UNIVERSITY, FAMILY AND AGENCIES: SCHOLARSHIPS ABILITY FOR ACADEMIC ADVISOR TO ACCESS CRC STUDENT SCHEDULES RECOVERY HOUSING RESERVED FOR CRC STUDENTS FROM UNIVERSITY SPACE PROVIDED ON CAMPUS FOR CRC AND 12 STEP MEETINGS AFFILIATION - FAVORABLE POSITION IN A COMMUNITY, HELPFUL FEEDBACK, AND PUBLIC EXPRESSION OF APPROVAL: EASY ACCESS TO A COMMUNITY OF PEERS SEMINAR COURSES, PEER FEEDBACK HOLIDAY DINNER, STUDENT AWARDS STUDENT ORGANIZATION ASAS SPACE
FIRST CRC RESEARCH DATABASE TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY (ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION) AUGSBURG COLLEGE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS-AUSTIN UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI KENNESAW STATE UNIVERSITY SOUTHERN OREGON UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT PENN STATE UNIVERSITY OHIO UNIVERSITY Harris, et. al. Collegiate Recovery Programs (2014). The Peabody Journal of Education, 89, 229-243. Funded by the McGovern Foundation
DEMOGRAPHICS FALL, 2010 TOTAL N = 129 GENDER = WOMEN 47%, MEN 53% ETHNICITY = 87% WHITE, AFRICAN AMERICAN 3%, HISPANIC, 3%, NATIVE AM/ALASKAN 3%, OTHER 4% AVERAGE LENGTH OF RECOVERY IS 2.75 YEARS AVERAGE AGE OF OUR SAMPLE, 24.8 YEARS PRIMARY ADDICTION 48% ALCOHOL 46% DRUGS 6% EATING DISORDERS AND OTHER FALL, 2011 TOTAL N = 68 GENDER = WOMEN 53%, MEN 47% ETHNICITY = 91.2% WHITE, AFRICAN AMERICAN 2.9%, NATIVE AM/ALASKAN 1.5%, ASIAN 1.5%, OTHER 2.9% AVERAGE LENGTH OF RECOVERY IS 3.3 YEARS AVERAGE G.P.A. = 3.34 AVERAGE AGE OF OUR SAMPLE, 23.5 YEARS PRIMARY ADDICTION 40% ALCOHOL 51% DRUGS 9% EATING DISORDERS AND OTHER Harris, et. al. Collegiate Recovery Programs (2014). The Peabody Journal of Education, 89, 229-243.
WHY I ENROLLED IN MY CRC? SENSE OF COMMUNITY AND FELLOWSHIP BECAUSE A SHARED STRUGGLE IS BARELY A STRUGGLE AT ALL. EMOTIONAL THEY OFFER EXTREMELY LARGE AMOUNTS OF SUPPORT ACADEMICALLY, MENTALLY, PHYSICALLY, SPIRITUALLY, EMOTIONALLY, AND MUCH MORE, LIKE SCHOLARSHIPS. INSTRUMENTAL TO STAY IN A SOBER ENVIRONMENT TO FINISH MY UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE WITH A FOCUS ON RECOVERY GOALS WITH THOSE AROUND ME. AFFILIATIONAL I WAS AN ADDICT WHO JUST GOT OUT OF REHAB AND WANTED TO GO BACK TO SCHOOL AND BE SUCCESSFUL. - INFORMATIONAL
WHY I LIKE MY CRC? THAT I CAN FEEL CONNECTED TO PEOPLE MY AGE WITH SIMILAR GOALS WITHOUT HAVING TO EXPLAIN OR DEFEND MYSELF FOR MY CHOICES. EMOTIONAL HAVING FRIENDS IN RECOVERY ON CAMPUS AND TAKING CLASSES WITH THEM. INSTRUMENTAL MY ROOMMATES AND OTHER PEOPLE WHO ARE SERIOUS ABOUT SCHOOL AND RECOVERY IN THE PROGRAM. AFFILIATIONAL PROVIDES A SUPPORT NETWORK OF EMPLOYEES AND STUDENTS WITHOUT HAVING TO SEEK THEM OUT ON YOUR OWN. - INFORMATIONAL
COLLEGIATE RECOVERY COMMUNITY PROGRAMS: WHAT DO WE KNOW PEER DRIVEN SUPPORT SERVICES ARE NEEDED FOR LONG TERM RECOVERY COLLEGIATE RECOVERY COMMUNITIES ARE INNOVATIVE MODEL OF PEER-DRIVEN RECOVERY SUPPORT EVIDENCE THAT RECOVERY STUDENTS DO WELL STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT: AVERAGE GPA S 3.2, GRADUATION RATES 70%, RELAPSE RATES 4% 13% A SEMESTER Laudet, A. B., Harris, K., Winters, K., Moberg, D., & Kimball, T. (2015). Results from the first nationwide survey of students in collegiate recovery programs. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 146, e170. NIDA FUNDED
CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTS PARTICIPATING IN COLLEGIATE RECOVERY PROGRAMS DEMOGRAPHICS OF A LARGE SAMPLE OF STUDENTS (N=429, FROM 29 CRPS ACROSS THE NATION). RESULTS FOUND THAT STUDENT PARTICIPANTS HAD A MEAN AGE OF 26 YEARS. MOST WERE CAUCASIAN (90%+), AND OVER 58% WERE MALE. MET CRITERIA FOR SEVERE SUBSTANCE USE DISORDER (53% DRUG, 39% ALCOHOL, 6% ED, 2% OTHER). 33% REPORTED A PREVIOUS PERIOD OF HOMELESSNESS, AND OVER HALF HAD PREVIOUSLY BEEN ARRESTED. STRIKINGLY, WHILE STUDENTS REPORTED OVERALL POSITIVE PHYSICAL HEALTH, OVER 70% OF STUDENTS ALSO REPORTED A HISTORY OF CO-OCCURRING MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS, AND A SMALL MINORITY REPORTED COOCCURRING DISORDERS RELATED TO DISORDERED EATING, SEX, LOVE, SELF HARM, GAMING, GAMBLING, ETC. Laudet, A., Harris, K., Kimball, T., Winters, K. & Moberg, D. P. (2015) Characteristics of students participating in Collegiate Recovery Programs: A national survey. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 51, 38-46. NIDA Funded
COLLEGIATE RECOVERY COMMUNITIES & RESEARCH FROM 1998 TO 2017, 24 STUDIES MET THE INCLUSION CRITERIA. THESE INCLUDED 7 STUDIES ON STUDENTS LIVING IN RECOVERY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF HIGHER EDUCATION AND 17 STUDIES ANALYZING STUDENTS INVOLVED IN COLLEGIATE RECOVERY PROGRAM. QUALITATIVE REPORTS AND QUANTITATIVE DESCRIPTIVE STUDIES COMPRISED THE BULK OF THE RESEARCH. DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR RESEARCH SHOULD INCLUDE DIRECT ANALYSIS OF OUTCOMES THROUGH LONGITUDINAL STUDIES. RANDOMIZED CONTROL STUDIES OF COMPARISON EXAMINING OUTCOMES SHOULD BE CONTRASTED AGAINST NON-CRP STUDENTS IN RECOVERY, AND AGE-SIMILAR NON-STUDENTS IN RECOVERY. ADDITIONALLY, COMPARATIVE STUDIES SHOULD EXAMINE AREAS FOR FURTHER TRANSPOSITION ALONG THE CONTINUUM OF CARE, OR LATERALLY ACROSS THE COLLEGIATE ENVIRONMENT TO EXAMINE SUPPORT OF TRADITIONALLY MARGINALIZED POPULATIONS. Brown, A.M., Ashford, R.D., Thompson Heller, A., Whitney, J., & Kimball, T.G. (In Review). Collegiate recovery programs: Literature review from 1988-2017. Journal of American College Health.
RESEARCH SHOULD LEAD TO ACTION DIVERSITY AND EMPOWERMENT OF MARGINALIZED POPULATIONS: POWER COMMITTEE OVER-RIDDING ADMISSIONS CRITERIA SCHOLARSHIPS COLLABORATION VERSUS COMPETITION IN CRC FIELD THE CHALLENGE AND IMPACT OF STUDY ABROAD PROGRAMS FOR STUDENTS IN RECOVERY
MY SIMPLE VIEW OF LIFE Love Fear CONNECTION STRESS SUPPORT MYTH ADVOCACY REACTIVITY PROACTIVITY ISOLATION COMMUNITY STEREOTYPE