Accessibility and Lecture Capture David J. Blezard Michael S. McIntire Academic Technology
IANAL
WANL
WANADACO
What do they have in common? California Community Colleges California State University Fullerton Florida State University Harvard University Louisiana Tech University Maricopa Community College District Massachusetts Institute of Technology North Carolina State University Ohio State University South Carolina Technical College System University of California, Berkeley University of Cincinnati University of Colorado at Boulder University of Kentucky University of Montana Missoula Youngstown State University https://er.educause.edu/articles/2017/1/ada-compliance-for-online-course-design Each has had to resolve a civil rights complaint about the inaccessibility of its information technology, including technology used in online courses. - Jan 2017
Section 504 Rehabilitation Act Section 504 No otherwise qualified individual with a disability shall, solely by reason of his or her disability, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance (2)(A) a college, university, or other postsecondary institution, or a public system of higher education; 504-1973
Accommodations Accommodations" are adaptations made for specific individuals when a product or service is not accessible, such as providing captions on a video only when a specific student who is deaf requests them rather than including them in the original product design. https://er.educause.edu/articles/2017/1/ada-compliance-for-online-course-design
ADA Americans with Disabilities Act Sec. 12189. Examinations and courses Any person that offers examinations or courses related to applications, licensing, certification, or credentialing for secondary or postsecondary education, professional, or trade purposes shall offer such examinations or courses in a place and manner accessible to persons with disabilities or offer alternative accessible arrangements for such individuals. ADA - 1990 with amendments in 2008
Section 508 Rehabilitation Act Section 508 When developing, procuring, maintaining, or using electronic and information technology shall ensure individuals with disabilities have access to and use of information and data that is comparable to the access to and use of the information and data by who are not individuals with disabilities Colleges and universities are subject due to Title II (ADA) and receipt of federal funds 508 - amendment in 1998 to include technology accessibility
Accessible "Accessible" means a person with a disability is afforded the opportunity to acquire the same information, engage in the same interactions, and enjoy the same services as a person without a disability in an equally effective and equally integrated manner, with substantially equivalent ease of use. The person with a disability must be able to obtain the information as fully, equally, and independently as a person without a disability. https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/investigations/11116002-b.pdf Office of Civil Rights and the U.S. Department of Education - from Resolution Agreement South Carolina Technical College System OCR Compliance Review No. 11-11-6002"
A vs A An accommodation is provided based on specific needs of a student with a documented disability determined by an accommodations officer on a case-by-case basis provided for students whose needs require great intervention, such as live American Sign Language (ASL) interpreters or lecture transcripts for live courses for circumstances that are difficult to anticipate and prepare for Accessibility is the responsibility of all who create or publish digital content provided for all students, with no expectation of an explanation of need expected for disabilities that are easily anticipated https://er.educause.edu/articles/2017/12/the-section-508-refresh-and-what-it-means-for-higher-education
WCAG Web Content Accessibility Guidelines Level A - minimal Level AA - more comprehensive Level AAA - complete, but cost prohibitive Created by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) United States Access Board rule about Section 508 adopted WCAG 2.0 AA as of January 18, 2017 Just released WCAG 2.1 on June 5
WCAG 2.0 AA & Lecture Capture Perceivable Captions in sync for pre-recorded media (A) Descriptive alternative to video (A) Audio description in sync to video (AA) Audio volume control (A) Color, contrast, text resizable, etc (A & AA) Operable Keyboard accessible (A) Timing adjustable (A) Pause, Stop, Hide (A) Focus order (A) Understandable Labels, instructions, error messages, etc (A) Consistent navigation (AA) Robust Proper markup and naming/role of user interface components (A) A 1.2.1 Audio-only and Video-only (Prerecorded): For prerecorded audio-only and prerecorded video-only media, the following are true, except when the audio or video is a media alternative for text and is clearly labeled as such: (Level A) Prerecorded Audio-only: An alternative for time-based media is provided that presents equivalent information for prerecorded audio-only content. Prerecorded Video-only: Either an alternative for time-based media or an audio track is provided that presents equivalent information for prerecorded video-only content. 1.2.2 Captions (Prerecorded): Captions are provided for all prerecorded audio content in synchronized media, except when the media is a media alternative for text and is clearly labeled as such. (Level A) 1.2.3 Audio Description or Media Alternative (Prerecorded): An alternative for time-based media or audio description of the prerecorded video content is provided for synchronized media, except when the media is a media alternative for text and is clearly labeled as such. (Level A) AA 1.2.4 Captions (Live): Captions are provided for all live audio content in synchronized media. (Level AA) 1.2.5 Audio Description (Prerecorded): Audio description is provided for all prerecorded video content in synchronized media. (Level AA) AAA 1.2.6 Sign Language (Prerecorded): Sign language interpretation is provided for all prerecorded audio content in synchronized media. (Level AAA) 1.2.7 Extended Audio Description (Prerecorded): Where pauses in foreground audio are insufficient to allow audio descriptions to convey the sense of the video, extended audio description is provided for all prerecorded video content in synchronized media. (Level AAA) 1.2.8 Media Alternative (Prerecorded): An alternative for time-based media is provided for all prerecorded synchronized media and for all prerecorded video-only media. (Level AAA) 1.2.9 Audio-only (Live): An alternative for time-based media that presents equivalent information for live audio-only content is provided. (Level AAA) 1.4.2 Audio Control: If any audio on a Web page plays automatically for more than 3 seconds, either a mechanism is available to pause or stop the audio, or a mechanism is available to control audio volume independently from the overall system volume level. (Level A)
Evolution of Captioning at UNH Early Lecture Capture Days Accommodation approach using 3Play Paid services for videos with identified need Technical hurdles Billing hurdles Technical - for a while there was no auto way to return 3play captions automatically to tegrity. Billing - No method for billing to happen to responsible departments. Some courses got paid for if certain criteria were met, while others did not
Evolution of Captioning at UNH Now Everything uploaded to Kaltura gets mechanically captioned Built in editor for corrections Paid option can be setup for high-use captioning needs Technical - for a while there was no auto way to return 3play captions automatically to tegrity. Billing - No method for billing to happen to responsible departments. Some courses got paid for if certain criteria were met, while others did not
From 0 to 80 Mechanical and some surprising side-effects When good enough, isn t. Accurate Errorless captions are the goal for each production. Consistent Uniformity in style and presentation of all captioning features is crucial for viewer understanding. Clear A complete textual representation of the audio, including speaker identification and non-speech information, provides clarity. Readable Captions are displayed with enough time to be read completely, are in synchronization with the audio, and are not obscured by (nor do they obscure) the visual content. Equal Equal access requires that the meaning and intention of the material is completely preserved. -Captioning Key http://www.captioningkey.org/quality_captioning.html We were excited to announce that we had a mechanical captioning solution in place. We knew it was 60-80% accurate, but it was closer than 0. We began publicizing it was in place and folks should clean up the rest of the captions. Suddenly we had demand for 100% accurate captions and a flurry of work to develop: Workflows that outline how any piece of content could end up in in Kaltura and become captioned. Discussions about who was responsible for doing the work of getting video into kaltura, who was responsible for cleaning up the captions We also uncovered some technical considerations. Adjusting players so captions show bellow, not over. Ownership of video and access for SAS to provide 100% accuracy for identified courses
From 0 to 80 Accuracy Must match the spoken words in the dialogue Include all words spoken Accurate captions must convey tone Punctuation We were excited to announce that we had a mechanical captioning solution in place. We knew it was 60-80% accurate, but it was closer than 0. We began publicizing it was in place and folks should clean up the rest of the captions. Suddenly we had demand for 100% accurate captions and a flurry of work to develop: Workflows that outline how any piece of content could end up in in Kaltura and become captioned. Discussions about who was responsible for doing the work of getting video into kaltura, who was responsible for cleaning up the captions We also uncovered some technical considerations. Adjusting players so captions show bellow, not over. Ownership of video and access for SAS to provide 100% accuracy for identified courses
From 0 to 80 Synchronization Must coincide with their corresponding spoken words and sounds to the greatest extent possible. Completeness In order for a program s captions to be complete, captions must run from the beginning to the end of the program, to the fullest extent possible Placement Captions should not block other important visual content on the screen including, but not limited to, character faces, featured text (e.g., weather or other news updates, graphics and credits), and other information that is essential to understanding a program s content when the closed captioning feature is activated -3Play white paper citing the FCC https://www.3playmedia.com/2014/04/03/fccs-newquality-standards-closed-captioning-video-programming/ (The FCC s site contains broken links to the ruling documents) We were excited to announce that we had a mechanical captioning solution in place. We knew it was 60-80% accurate, but it was closer than 0. We began publicizing it was in place and folks should clean up the rest of the captions. Suddenly we had demand for 100% accurate captions and a flurry of work to develop: Workflows that outline how any piece of content could end up in in Kaltura and become captioned. Discussions about who was responsible for doing the work of getting video into kaltura, who was responsible for cleaning up the captions We also uncovered some technical considerations. Adjusting players so captions show bellow, not over. Ownership of video and access for SAS to provide 100% accuracy for identified courses
From 0 to 80 Untangling the workflow Define the many sources of video How they get to a first pass of captioning Who does the cleanup and how Documentation! Tracking/reporting Looking into how to differentiate no captions, mechanical, mechanical with cleanup, and professional We were excited to announce that we had a mechanical captioning solution in place. We knew it was 60-80% accurate, but it was closer than 0. We began publicizing it was in place and folks should clean up the rest of the captions. Suddenly we had demand for 100% accurate captions and a flurry of work to develop: Workflows that outline how any piece of content could end up in in Kaltura and become captioned. Discussions about who was responsible for doing the work of getting video into kaltura, who was responsible for cleaning up the captions We also uncovered some technical considerations. Adjusting players so captions show bellow, not over. Ownership of video and access for SAS to provide 100% accuracy for identified courses
From 0 to 80 Some interesting unexpected opportunities Content review Non-native English Speakers Foreign language courses With lecture capture and the ability to slow down, speed up means that reviewing content can be customized. The addition of captioning also means that its another tool in review. Tags from captioning encourage better searching through course galleries Non native english speakers also benefit from additional ways content Foreign language courses can now use video and text to help teach, and assess student understanding.
Next steps Descriptive Services https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=jt5asjzgic4