Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic in Thailand Sopon Iamsirithaworn, MD, MPH, PhD Pasakorn Akarasewi, MD, MPH

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Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic in Thailand 2009 2010 Sopon Iamsirithaworn, MD, MPH, PhD Pasakorn Akarasewi, MD, MPH Kumnuan Ungchusak, MD, MPH Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand 27 October 2010 Acknowledgement SRRTs of MOPH involved in influenza pandemic responses Ms.Malinee Chittaganpitch, National Influenza Center, National Institution of Health, MOPH, Thailand and staff Prof. Pilaipan Puthavathana and staff Dr.Warin Pongkankham Dr.Kanlaya Jongcherdchootrakul Dr.Adisorn Wattanasak DrThitipong Dr.Thitipong Yingyong Ms.Suthanan Suthchana Ms.Ubolrat Naruponjirakul Mr.Thanawan Gapppbirom Dr.Wanna Hanshaoworakul 1

Outline of Presentation Early pandemic: imported cases and school outbreaks in Bangkok k Epidemiological characteristics of the 2009 pandemic 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd pandemic wave Estimation of influenza H1N1 pandemic burden Number of probable influenza, H1N1 (2009) confirmed and death cases, 2009 Oct 16 th 2010 Cases Deaths 10000 100 9000 8000 7000 death H1N1 2009 influenza (รง. 506) H1N1 2009 90 80 70 6000 5000 4000 Imported cases 60 50 40 3000 30 2000 20 1000 10 0 0 Resource : surveillance database of BOE 2

Epidemic curve of the first 12 Cases of Laboratory confirmed Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in Thailand, May June 2009 No. of case 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 H1N1 imported case H1N1indigenous case Many imported cases and local transmission 2009 1 st pandemic wave May October 2009 3

Spatial temporal Distribution of Influenza A (H1N1) 2009, Thailand 2009 Spatial temporal Distribution of Influenza A (H1N1) 2009, Thailand 2009 4

Spatial temporal Distribution of Influenza A (H1N1) 2009, Thailand 2009 Spatial temporal Distribution of Influenza A (H1N1) 2009, Thailand 2009 5

Spatial temporal Distribution of Influenza A (H1N1) 2009, Thailand 2009 Spatial temporal Distribution of Influenza A (H1N1) 2009, Thailand 2009 6

Spatial temporal Distribution of Influenza A (H1N1) 2009, Thailand 2009 Spatial temporal Distribution of Influenza A (H1N1) 2009, Thailand 2009 7

Spatial temporal Distribution of Influenza A (H1N1) 2009, Thailand 2009 Spatial temporal Distribution of Influenza A (H1N1) 2009, Thailand 2009 8

Spatial temporal Distribution of Influenza A (H1N1) 2009, Thailand 2009 Spatial temporal Distribution of Influenza A (H1N1) 2009, Thailand 2009 9

Number of Laboratory confirmed Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in Thailand, May July 2009 Local transmission Imported cases School outbreaks Number of laboratory confirmed cases of Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 by Age group, Thailand, May Oct 2009 School-age children 10

Case Fatality of Laboratory confirmed Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 by Age group, Thailand, May Oct 2009 Percent 5% 4% 3.82% 3% 2.38% 2% 1% 0% 0.30% 0.08% 0.19% 1.19% 0.64% 0-4 5-14 15-19 20-39 40-59 > 60 Total Age (Years) 1 st School Outbreak in Bangkok On 9 June 2009, Bureau of Epidemiology received a notification from Thai NIH of a confirmed H1N1 case 11 year boy, with illness onset on June 6, 2009 He had no history of travelling abroad A private school with 5,300 students, grade 1 12 School semester began 18 May 2009 Manyforeigner teachers andstudents returned from abroad Investigation was started on 10 June 2009 195/253 (77.1%) were positive for influenza A (H1N1) 2009 11

A first School Outbreak of 2009 Pandemic Influenza H1N1 in Thailand 23 Number of confirmed influenza A (H1N1) 2009 by onset date in a School Outbreak, May June 2009 (N=186) Number of cases May June 2009 Source: Kanlaya Jongcherdchootrakul, Bureau of Epidemiology, MOPH, Thailand 12

Influenza Transmission in the First School Outbreak, Bangkok, Thailand, May June 2009 No. of case Overall attack rate 50-60% 3 rd wave Student absent School 1 st wave closure (confirmed H1N1) 1 week 2 nd wave Source: Kanlaya Jongcherdchootrakul, Bureau of Epidemiology, MOPH, Thailand Percent of schools with reported influenza outbreaks by school size, Bangkok, June August 2009 School size Source: Chaninan Sonthichai, et al. 13

Number of Influenza like illness by onset date Frequency 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 จ านวน Number of cases จ านวนผ ป วยอาการคล ายไข หว ดใหญ ตามว นเร มป วย ในศ นย ฝ กทหารใหม in a military camp, ต งแต 1 ม.ย. June ถ ง 262009 ม.ย.52 Distribution of onset AR = 38.18% CFR = 0.09% 131 95 91 88 78 Investigation รพ.อาภากรฯ และ แผนกแพทย ศ นย ฝ ก ด าเน นการควบคมโรค & control 65 62 45 30 27 26 19 19 16 12 13 8 6 3 1 2 4 6 7 9 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 June ว นท เร มป วย 2009 เด อนม ถ นายน Source: Warin Pongkankham, et al. Onset Symptomatic and asymptomatic infection rate of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in an outbreak (N=90) Source: Adisorn Wattanasak, Bureau of Epidemiology, MOPH, Thailand 14

Symptomatic and asymptomatic infection rate of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in an outbreak (N=90) Source: Adisorn Wattanasak, Bureau of Epidemiology, MOPH, Thailand 2 nd pandemic wave November 2009 May 2010 15

Characteristics of 2nd wave More outbreaks were reported in rural area Lower level of transmission compared to 1 st wave Related to travel to areas with ongoing transmission More school outbreaks reported from remote provinces Increase in age of reported cases Changes in Age Distribution of Laboratoryconfirmed Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in Thailand 16

Cumulative Incidence of 2009 H1N1 pandemic Influenza in Thailand, 1 May 2009 31 May 2010 3 rd pandemic wave May 2010 now 17

Characteristics of 3rd wave Outbreaks were reported in institutional setting, e.g., factory, prison, temple, office Increase in age of reported cases Moderate attack rate Some schools reported limited outbreaks Mixed H1N1 (2009) and H3N2 or Flu B infections detected in the same outbreak การระบาดของไข หว ดใหญ ในเร อนจ า 18

จ านวน และส ดส วน (%) ท ตรวจพบเช อไข หว ดใหญ จ าแนกตามสายพ นธ กล มผ ป วย ILI ท ร บบร การในแผนกผ ป วยนอก ของโรงพยาบาลท เป นจ ดเฝ าระว ง ส ปดาห ท 1 42 พ.ศ.2553 (ว นท 3 ม.ค. 2553 23 ต.ค. 2553) จ านวน (ราย) % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 3 10 17 24 31 7 14 21 28 7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 2 9 16 23 30 6 13 20 27 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 3 10 17 24 31 7 Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Feb Feb Feb Feb Mar Mar Mar Mar Apr Apr Apr Apr May May May May May Jun Jun Jun Jun July July July July Aug Aug Aug Aug Aug Sep Sep Sep Sep Oct Oct Oct Oct Oct Nov 100.0 80.0 60.0 40.0 20.0 0.0 Neg 56 70 64 57 65 60 54 59 78 60 65 81 81 77 39 46 40 41 33 35 41 47 37 54 41 47 23 27 15 25 48 43 46 51 42 37 38 36 42 28 22 20 Flu A,B 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Flu B 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 4 4 5 6 2 1 2 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 7 8 10 14 9 1 8 6 7 4 9 4 5 5 3 2 2 3 Flu A 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 2 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 2 5 6 4 3 4 2 0 Flu A:H3 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 5 0 3 2 0 0 4 3 4 8 5 2 5 5 6 5 0 1 3 H1N1 PDM 8 10 22 23 19 24 20 24 10 14 8 6 4 2 2 0 2 0 2 4 3 0 1 2 1 8 1 5 2 3 7 21 16 19 37 34 15 27 18 11 4 4 % H1N1 in ILI 12. 12. 25. 28. 22. 27. 26. 27. 10. 16. 10. 6.7 4.7 2.5 4.9 0.0 4.8 0.0 5.6 10. 6.8 0.0 2.4 3.2 2.0 11. 2.8 10. 7.7 8.8 10. 25. 20. 24. 40. 40. 21. 34. 25. 24. 12. 13. Reported Influenza A H1N1 (2009) Cases, Thailand, 2009 2010 2010 Cumulative Cases (up to 22 nd Oct 10): 15,149 cases Cumulative Deaths: 129 cases 2009 Cumulative Cases: Cumulative Deaths: 30,336336 cases 197 cases 19

Proportion of ILI cases per total OPD cases, week 1 st 41 st of 2010 จ านวน และส ดส วน (%) ท ตรวจพบเช อไข หว ดใหญ จ าแนกตามสายพ นธ กล มผ ป วย ILI ท ร บบร การในแผนกผ ป วยนอก ของโรงพยาบาลท เป นจ ดเฝ าระว ง ต งแต ส ปดาห ท 29/25522552 42/2553 2553 (ว นท 19 ก.ค. 2552 23 ต.ค. 2553) จ านวน (ราย) 140 % 100.0 120 100 80 60 80.0 60.0 40.0 Flu A,B H1N1 PDM % H1N1 in ILI 40 20 20.0 0 19 ก.ค.2552 26 ก.ค. 2 ส.ค. 9 ส.ค. 16 ส.ค. 23 ส.ค. 30 ส.ค. 6 ก.ย. 13 ก.ย. 20 ก.ย. 27 ก.ย. 4 ต.ค. 11 ต.ค. 18 ต.ค. 25 ต.ค. 1 พ.ย. 8 พ.ย. 15 พ.ย. 22 พ.ย. 29 พ.ย. 6 ธ.ค. 13 ธ.ค. 20 ธ.ค. 27 ธ.ค. 3 ม.ค.2553 10 ม.ค. 17 ม.ค. 24 ม.ค. 31 ม.ค. 7 ก.พ. 14 ก.พ. 21 ก.พ. 28 ก.พ. 7 ม.ค. 14 ม.ค. 21 ม.ค. 28 ม.ค. 4 เม.ย. 11 เม.ย. 18 เม.ย. 25 เม.ย. 2 พ.ค. 9 พ.ค. 16 พ.ค. 23 พ.ค. 30 พ.ค. 6 ม.ย. 13 ม.ย. 20 ม.ย. 27 ม.ย. 4 ก.ค. 11 ก.ค. 18 ก.ค. 25 ก.ค. 1 ส.ค. 8 ส.ค. 15 ส.ค. 22 ส.ค. 29 ส.ค. 5 ก.ย. 12 ก.ย. 19 ก.ย. 26 ก.ย. 3 ต.ค. 10 ต.ค. 17 ต.ค. 24 ต.ค. 31 ต.ค. 7 พ.ย. 0.0 20

Source of Information for Projection Analysis of reported H1N1 cases to BoE Estimation of infection rates by age group Simulation by Influ Sim 2.1 Basic Reproductive Number and Herd Immunity 2+3+4 = 1.5 1+2+3 Basic reproductive number (R 0 ) ค าเฉล ยจ านวนผ ต ดเช อรายใหม ได ร บเช อจากผ ป วยรายแรกๆ Herd immunity = 1 (1 / R 0 ) เช น R 0 =1.5 Herd immunity = 1- (1/1.5) = 33% R 0 =2.0 Herd immunity = 1- (1/2) = 50% 21

Number of probable influenza, H1N1 (2009) confirmed and death cases, 2009 Oct 16 th 2010 Cases Deaths 10000 100 9000 8000 7000 death H1N1 2009 influenza (รง. 506) H1N1 2009 90 80 70 6000 60 5000 50 4000 40 3000 30 2000 20 1000 10 0 0 Resource : surveillance ส ปดาห เร มป วย database of BOE Estimation of H1N1 Infections 22

Influ Sim 2.1 Number of Confirmed Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 by Onset Date, Thailand, 1 May 2009 30 April 2010 600 500 400 300 200 10-15% infection 1 st wave Approximately 25% have been infected 8-10% infection 2 nd wave 100 0 23

Simulation of influenza pandemic wave in Thailand 2009 2010 15% infection 8% infection??10-12% infection Comparing 3 pandemic waves 1 st Wave 2 nd Wave 3 rd Wave Attack rate High Low Moderate Age group School age older Older Place Urban Rural Urban/Rural Duration May Oct 10 Nov 09 Apr 10 May Oct 10 Intensive Moderate Less Control measures Vaccine No Monovalent H1N1 vaccine Trivalent vaccine 24

สร ป การระบาดในป แรก ม อ ตราป วยส งในโรงเร ยนและสถาบ น การระบาดไปท วทกพ นท ในประเทศไทย การระบาดไปทวท กพนทในประเทศไทย อ ตราป วยแตกต างก นในแต ละว ย และแต ละพ นท อ ตราการต ดเช อ H1N1 2009 ในประชากรไทยอย าง น อย หน งในสาม H1N1 2009 จะม ส วนในแบ งใน Seasonal influenza transmission น อยลงในระยะต อไป Thank you 25