Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abnormal wound healing Acne and cybereducation, 131 and Google, 129 131 and online dangers, 131, 132 reliable online resources on, 130 self-proclaimed authorities on, 130, 131 and social media, 141 Acne and the Internet, 129 132 Acne fulminans in men, 205 Acne pathogenesis and androgens, 136 and biofilms, 136, 137 and calcium gradient, 135, 136 and follicular wall barrier dysfunction, 134, 135 and Propionibacterium acnes, 136 and subclinical inflammation, 136 Acne relapse and isotretinoin, 178, 179 Acne scarring chemical peels for, 210, 211 correlation with duration and inflammation, 147 149 evaluation of, 207 212 excisional techniques for, 209 212 grading scale for, 210 laser treatment for, 209 212 lifting procedures for, 210, 211 morphology of, 211 and patient history, 207, 208 and physical examination, 208, 209 resurfacing procedures for, 208 212 subtypes of, 209 treatment plan for, 209 212 Acne vulgaris and acne fulminans, 205 and adrenal hyperplasia, 205 antibiotic prescribing policy for, 150 and antibiotic resistance, 149, 167 171 and bacterial resistance, 149 and barrier function, 134 142 benzoyl peroxide for, 137, 138 blue light and red light therapy for, 216 blue light therapy for, 215, 216 and boxcar scars, 207 212 cleansers for, 138, 139 Dermatol Clin 34 (2016) 229 233 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0733-8635(16)30008-0 0733-8635/16/$ see front matter Ó 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. clinical studies on cleansers for, 139, 140 combars for, 138, 139 diode laser therapy for, 217, 218 erbium:glass laser therapy for, 218 and essential fatty acids, 135 and frequency of cleansing, 140, 141 and goals of cleansing, 142 home use light devices for, 220, 221 and ice pick scars, 207 212 infrared laser therapy for, 217 intense pulsed light therapy for, 216 isotretinoin for, 175 182 laser therapy for, 216 219 light therapy for, 215, 216 lipid-free cleansers for, 139 and macrocomedone, 149, 150 maintenance therapy for, 147, 148 in men, 203 205 microdermabrasion for, 220 neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser therapy for, 218 oral contraceptives for, 159 164 and oral isotretinoin, 149, 150 over-the-counter products for, 134, 137, 138 pathogenesis of, 134 137 photodynamic therapy for, 218, 219 photopneumatic therapy for, 220 potassium titanyl phosphate laser therapy for, 217 pulsed dye laser therapy for, 216, 217 radiofrequency therapy for, 219, 220 and rolling scars, 207 212 and safety concerns of systemic medications, 185 190 and scarring, 147 149, 207 212 and sebum production, 203, 204 and sebum secretion rate, 135 137, 141 and skin irritation, 134, 137 142 and skin ph, 204 and skin sensitivity, 138 soaps for, 138 and stratum corneum, 134 138, 141 and surfactants, 138 140, 142 synthetic detergent cleansers for, 138 topical prescription therapies for, 137, 138 topical retinoids for, 137, 147 151 and transepidermal water loss, 203, 204 and transepidural water loss, 134, 137 140 treatment algorithm for, 148 treatment of, 147 155 derm.theclinics.com
230 Acne (continued) ultraviolet irradiation for, 220 and whey protein, 205 Adapalene with doxycycline, 149, 151, 152, 154 Adrenal hyperplasia and acne vulgaris, 205 ALA. See 5-Aminolevulinic acid. 5-Aminolevulinic acid with photodynamic therapy, 218, 219 Anabolic steroids Androgens Antiandrogen therapy and spironolactone, 152, 153 Antibiotic resistance clinical relevance of, 167 171 and ecological mischief, 168, 169 emergence during therapy, 169 persistence after therapy, 169 and Propionibacterium acnes, 149, 167 171 Antibiotic therapy with benzoyl peroxide, 169 contraindicated for epidermal cysts, 171 contraindicated for rosacea, 170 exit strategy for, 169 with topical therapy, 169 Antihistamines with oral isotretinoin, 152 Apert syndrome AV. See Acne vulgaris. B Bacterial resistance and acne vulgaris, 149, 167 171 Barrier function and acne vulgaris, 134 142 Benzoyl peroxide for acne vulgaris, 137, 138 with antibiotic therapy, 169 avoiding instability with, 151 with doxycycline, 149, 151, 152, 154 BF. See Barrier function. BHD syndrome. See Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome. Biofilms, 137 Birt Hogg Dube syndrome mimicking acne, 226, 228 Bone mass and oral contraceptives for acne, 161, 162 Boxcar scars BP. See Benzoyl peroxide. BPO. See Benzoyl peroxide. Brooke Spiegler syndrome C Calcium gradient and acne pathogenesis, 135, 136 Cancer and oral contraceptives for acne, 161 CD. See Crohn disease. Chemical peels for acne scarring, 210, 211 Cleansers for acne vulgaris, 138, 139 The clinical relevance of antibiotic resistance: Thirteen principles that every dermatologist needs to consider when prescribing antibiotic therapy, 167 173 COC. See Combination oral contraceptives. Combars for acne vulgaris, 138, 139 Combination oral contraceptives for acne vulgaris, 159 164 adverse effects of, 164 bone risks of, 161, 162 cancer risks of, 161 cardiovascular risks of, 161 contraindications for, 162 and efficacy in acne, 160 indications for, 162 mechanism of action of, 160 and method of use, 162 164 noncontraceptive benefits of, 160 risks of, 160 162 Cowden syndrome Crohn disease Cybereducation and acne, 131 D Dapsone Dehydroepiandrosterone and pediatric acne, 195, 196, 200 Dermatologic conditions mimicking acne, 225 228 DHEA. See Dehydroepiandrosterone. Diode laser therapy for acne vulgaris, 217, 218 Doxycycline with adapalene/benzoyl peroxide, 149, 151, 152, 154
231 E for severe nodular acne, 151 vs. oral isotretinoin, 151 Ecological mischief and antibiotic resistance, 168, 169 EFA. See Essential fatty acids. Epidermal cysts and antibiotic therapy, 171 Erbium:glass laser therapy for acne vulgaris, 218 Essential fatty acids and acne vulgaris, 135 Evaluation and management of refractory acne vulgaris in adolescent and adult men, 203 206 Evaluation of acne scars: How to assess them and what to tell the patient, 207 213 Excisional techniques for acne scarring, 209 212 F Follicular wall barrier dysfunction and acne pathogenesis, 134, 135 Food dependency of isotretinoin absorption, 151, 159 G Google and acne, 129 131 Gorlin syndrome Gram-negative folliculitis and long-term antibiotics, 153, 154 H Home use light devices, 221 Hormonal abnormalities and pediatric acne, 198 Hormones and oral contraceptives for acne, 159 164 Hyperandrogenism laboratory screening for, 163 and oral contraceptives for acne, 162, 163 Infrared laser therapy for acne vulgaris, 217 Intense pulsed light therapy for acne vulgaris, 216 Internet and educational websites on acne, 130 and promotional websites on acne, 130 and self-proclaimed authorities on acne, 130, 131 IPL. See Intense pulsed light. Isotretinoin and abnormal wound healing, 181 and acne relapse, 178, 179 for acne vulgaris, 175 182 and acute acne flare, 149, 150 adverse effects of, 175 180 with antihistamines, 152 and Crohn disease, 181 efficacy of, 177, 178 enhancing bioavailability of, 176, 177 foods to ingest with, 177 and inflammatory bowel disease, 181 low and alternative dosing regimens for, 177, 178 mechanism of action of, 176 and mental health disorders, 180, 181 and pregnancy prevention, 179, 180 safety concerns of, 187 190 and ulcerative colitis, 181 vs. doxycycline, 151 Isotretinoin absorption food dependency of, 151, 159 K KTP. See Potassium titanyl phosphate. L Laser therapy for acne scarring, 209 212 for acne vulgaris, 216 219 Lifting procedures for acne scarring, 210, 211 Light therapy for acne vulgaris, 215, 216 Lipid-free cleansers for acne vulgaris, 139 Long-term antibiotics and gram-negative folliculitis, 153, 154 I IBD. See Inflammatory bowel disease. Ice pick scars Infantile acne, 197 199 Inflammatory bowel disease M Macrocomedone and acne vulgaris, 149, 150 MAL. See Methyl aminolevulinate. Mental health disorders and isotretinoin, 180, 181
232 Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and overuse of antibiotics, 168 Methyl aminolevulinate with photodynamic therapy, 218, 219 Microdermabrasion Midchildhood acne, 199 Minocycline Muir Torre syndrome N NCP. See Neonatal cephalic pustulosis. Nd:YAG. See Neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet. Neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser therapy for acne vulgaris, 218 Neonatal acne, 196, 197 Neonatal cephalic pustulosis and pediatric acne, 197 Nodular acne doxycycline for, 151 Nutritional supplements O Oral contraceptives vs. spironolactone, 152, 153 Oral isotretinoin: New developments relevant to clinical practice, 175 184 OTC. See Over-the-counter. Over-the-counter products for acne vulgaris, 134, 137, 138 P PDL. See Pulsed dye laser. PDT. See Photodynamic therapy. Pediatric acne and dehydroepiandrosterone, 195, 196, 200 and hormonal abnormalities, 198 and neonatal cephalic pustulosis, 197 and pediatric physiology, 195, 196 Pediatric acne: Clinical patterns and pearls, 195 202 Photodynamic therapy for acne vulgaris, 218, 219 with 5-aminolevulinic acid, 218, 219 with methyl aminolevulinate, 218, 219 Photopneumatic therapy Physical modalities (devices) in the management of acne, 215 223 Potassium titanyl phosphate laser therapy for acne vulgaris, 217 Preadolescent acne, 199, 200 Pregnancy prevention and isotretinoin, 179, 180 Propionibacterium acnes and antibiotic resistance, 149 laser therapy for, 216 219 light therapy for, 215, 216 Pulsed dye laser therapy for acne vulgaris, 216, 217 R Radiofrequency therapy for acne vulgaris, 219, 220 The relationship of proper skin cleansing to pathophysiology, clinical benefits, and the concomitant use of prescription topical therapies in patients with acne vulgaris, 133 145 Resurfacing procedures for acne scarring, 208 212 Retinoid therapy and exit strategy for antibiotic therapy, 169 Retinoids for acne vulgaris, 137, 147 151 Rolling scars Rosacea and antibiotic therapy, 170 S Safety considerations and monitoring in patients treated with systemic medications for acne, 185 193 SC. See Stratum corneum. Seborrheic dermatitis in men, 204, 205 Sebum production and acne vulgaris, 203, 204 Sebum secretion rate and acne vulgaris, 135 137, 141 Skin irritation and acne vulgaris, 134, 137 142 Skin ph and acne vulgaris, 204 Skin sensitivity and acne vulgaris, 138 Soaps for acne vulgaris, 138 Social media and acne, 141 Spironolactone and antiandrogen therapy, 152, 153 indications for, 153 safety concerns of, 186, 187 vs. oral contraceptives, 152, 153 SSR. See Sebum secretion rate.
233 Stratum corneum and acne vulgaris, 134 138, 141 Subclinical inflammation Sulfacetamide Surfactants and acne vulgaris, 138 140, 142 Synthetic detergent cleansers for acne vulgaris, 138 Systemic acne medications safety concerns of, 185 190 Systemic antibiotics and therapeutic outcomes of bacterial infections, 170 T Tetracyclines TEWL. See Transepidural water loss. Top ten list of clinical pearls in the treatment of acne vulgaris, 147 157 Transepidermal water loss and acne vulgaris, 203, 204 Transepidural water loss and acne vulgaris, 134, 137 140 Tretinoin avoiding instability with, 151 Tuberous sclerosis U UC. See Ulcerative colitis. Ulcerative colitis Ultraviolet irradiation Use of oral contraceptives for management of acne vulgaris: Practical considerations in real world practice, 159 165 V Venous thromboembolism and oral contraceptives for acne, 160, 161 Vitamin supplements VTE. See Venous thromboembolism. W When acne is not acne, 225 228 Whey protein and acne vulgaris, 205