Transition from Jail to Community Reentry in Washtenaw County
Since 2000 we have averaged 7,918 bookings per year and 3,395 new individuals booked each year. Curtis Center Program Evaluation Group (CC-PEG), Preliminary Analysis of WCSO Jail Data. University of Michigan, 2014
85% are returning to a neighborhood within Washtenaw County Curtis Center Program Evaluation Group (CC-PEG), Preliminary Analysis of WCSO Jail Data. University of Michigan, 2014
Since 2000, the jail population of inmates who recidivate has increased by 26.4%. 63% 51% 48% 42% 42% 42% 41% 41% 39% 37% 37% 38% 37% 37% 37% 49% 52% 58% 58% 58% 59% 59% 61% 63% 63% 62% 63% 63% 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Reentries Unique Entries Curtis Center Program Evaluation Group (CC-PEG), Preliminary Analysis of WCSO Jail Data. University of Michigan, 2014
NUMBER OF TIMES IN JAIL 1 25,832 59% 2 7,503 17% 3 to 5 7,053 16% 41% of inmates in the WCJ have committed 2 or more crimes 6 to 10 2,685 6% 24% of inmates are at a high rate of reoffending (roughly 556 inmates/year) 11 or more 2% 8% of inmates are at extremely high rates of reoffending (roughly 193 inmates/year) Curtis Center Program Evaluation Group (CC-PEG), Preliminary Analysis of WCSO Jail Data. University of Michigan, 2014
Of the top arrest charges, driving and traffic violations occurred most often. 24% of charges were associated with liquor or drugs. Driving and Traffic Violations OUI of Liquor or Drugs Non-Aggravated Assault Violation of Controlled Substance Act Other Obstructing Justice Retail Fraud Family Non-Support Obstructing Police Burglary Aggravated/Felonious Assault 5% 5% 4% 4% 4% 3% 3% 11% 11% 13% 17% Curtis Center Program Evaluation Group (CC-PEG), Preliminary Analysis of WCSO Jail Data. University of Michigan, 2014
Over half of inmates are in jail for less than one day per booking. 53% 7% 7% 9% 8% 7% 4% 4% 2% Up to 1 day 1-3 days 4 to 7 days 8 to 14 days 15-30 days 31-60 days 61 to 90 days 91 to 180 days 181 to 364 days
66% of those who recidivate are re-arrested within their first year of being released. Within 30 days 1 to 3 months 3 to 6 months 6 months to 1 year 1-2 years 2-3 years 3-4 years 4-5 years 5-10 years Over 10 years 3% 3% 2% 3% 7% 10% 16% 18% 18% 20% Curtis Center Program Evaluation Group (CC-PEG), Preliminary Analysis of WCSO Jail Data. University of Michigan, 2014
Young adults account for 61% of inmates. 17 or younger 3% 18-24 33% 25-34 28% 35-44 20% 45-54 12% 55 or older 4%
Inmates who identify as Black, African American, or White account for 86% of the inmate population. White 57% Black or African American 39% Hispanic 2% Asian or Pacific Islander 1% American Indian, Alaskan Native, Arab American, Biracial, Other, and Unknown make up the remaining 1% of the population.
The percentage of inmates identified as black steadily increases with the number of jail entries. 59% 70% 33% 41% 48% 1 entry 2 entries 3-5 entries 6-10 entries 11 or more entries
Three-quarters of the inmate population identify as male. 23% 77%
In 2012 and 2013, 66% of inmates had either a high school degree or some college education. 34% 32% 18% 1% 4% 9% 2% 8th grade or less Some high school High school or Some college or GED completed post high school training Associate's Degree Bachelor's Degree Graduate Degree Educational Attainment was more consistently collected starting in 2012 with the implementation of the XJail Data Collection System.
The What Reentry in Washtenaw County
Washtenaw County Sheriff s Office Reentry Initiative MISSION STATEMENT Washtenaw County s Reentry Initiative is a systematic approach to successful offender reintegration, recidivism reduction, and enhanced public safety. VISION Washtenaw County s Reentry Initiative will provide opportunities for offenders to successfully connect as productive members of society. Through active partnerships with all stakeholders, reintegration will contribute to safer communities and an enhanced quality of life.
GOALS 1. Reduction in recidivism and victimization 2. Assist released inmates in becoming a productive citizen 3. Lower the direct and collateral costs of incarceration n
THE CONTINUUM OF SERVICES & SANCTIONS Leadership, vision, and organizational culture Community Partnerships Data-driven understanding of local community Targeted intervention strategies Self-evaluation and sustainability COMMUNITY JAIL COMMUNITY Problem Oriented Policing Community Building Prevention Services Street Outreach Community Action Teams Community Engagement Screening & Assessment Transition Plan Targeted Interventions Information & referrals Case management Formal Services Informal support Supervision Improved Outcomes
1. EDUCATION AREAS OF FOCUS RECIDIVISM INDICATORS 2. EMPLOYMENT 3. HOUSING 4. HEALTH (INCLUDES MENTAL HEALTH) 5. SUBSTANCE ABUSE & ILLEGAL DRUG USE 6. FAMILY, PEERS AND COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT 7. CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR & RECIDIVISM Developed in response to research of best practices
Substance abuse Lack of Employment Lack of stable housing Crime/Victimization Poor health Lack of family support Lack of education
The How Reentry in Washtenaw County
PROGRAM SEQUENCE EXAMPLE Apply, mandated or I.D. d through proxy Assess risks and needs Develop Transition Case Plan (TCP) Participate in injail, evidenced based programs Interdisciplinary team meetings Complete service plan/program Discharge planning Reintegrated into the community Outreach support/follow up
JAIL PROGRAMMING Substance Abuse Discovery, Intensive Outpatient, Relapse Prevention, AA/NA Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Thinking Matters; Moral Reconation Therapy Mental Health Women s Trauma; Peer to Peer Support, Inner Peace, Alternatives to Domestic Violence; Women s Domestic Violence Education Washtenaw Literacy, GED, WISD, Computer Literacy, Children s Literacy Network, Probation and Parole Survival, U of M project Outreach, Creative Writing, Workplace Math, Workplace Communications, Financial Literacy, Health Literacy Employment Readiness
REENTRY SERVICES Dawn Farm Discharge Planning Avalon Housing ITR Outreach Community Mental Health case planning Washtenaw Community College Vocational Certificates Employment Vocational Readiness Program Family events
NEXT STEPS Jail programming analysis Cost benefit analysis of programs Recidivism study Reentry committee Service providers - Partners
Transition from Jail to Community Reentry in Washtenaw County
LEAD LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTED DIVERSION
What is LEAD Pre-booking diversion program Developed in Seattle Addresses low-level crimes/issues Minor drug charges Homelessness/loitering Mental health crisis Allows law enforcement to redirect low-level offenders to services instead of jail or prosecution Facilitated by entire criminal justice system
History of LEAD Disproportionate minority contacts and arrests Numerous court cases due to this fact Jail overcrowding Inability to expand jail So what do we do?
Process of LEAD 1. Arrest is made 2. Officer diverts from booking and into LEAD 3. LEAD staff provide immediate assessment and offer crisis assistance 4. Over time provide case management services 1. Must complete intake within 30 days of referral 2. Must sign a release in order to share information 5. Officer completes case for prosecutor 6. Held by prosecutor as long as individual is progressing
Why LEAD in Washtenaw Prevention Services Diversion Alternatives to Incarceration Incarceration Reentry Services Street Outreach Community Programs Work Program Tether Drug Testing Jail Programs
Why LEAD in Washtenaw Prevention Services Diversion Alternatives to Incarceration Incarceration Reentry Services Street Outreach Community Programs LEAD Work Program Tether Drug Testing Jail Programs Transition from Jail to Community
64% of local jail inmates have mental health problems. Local Jail Inmates 64% State Prisoners 56% Federal Prisoners 45% Bureau of Justice Statistics (2006). After hours: 301-983-9354 study finds more than half of all prison and jail inmates have mental health problems. Retrieved from http://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/press/mhppjipr.cfm
Retrieved from: Washtenaw County Jail Correct Care Solutions report, July 2015. In the first quarter of this year, 43% of Washtenaw County Jail inmates were on psychotropic medications.
65% 35% 65% of those in our nations prisons & jails meet criteria for substance abuse and addiction diagnosis. CASA. (2010). New casa* report finds: 65% of all U.S. inmates meet medical criteria for substance abuse addiction, only 11% receive any treatment. Retrieved from http://www.casacolumbia.org/newsroom/press-releases/2010-behind-bars-ii
NUMBER OF TIMES IN JAIL 1 25,832 59% 2 7,503 17% 3 to 5 7,053 16% 6 to 10 11 or more 2,685 2% 6% 8% of inmates are at extremely high rates of reoffending (roughly 193 inmates/year) Curtis Center Program Evaluation Group (CC-PEG), Preliminary Analysis of WCSO Jail Data. University of Michigan, 2014
Those who need to be in jail will be. Those who need help will get it.
Reflections Provides relief to neighborhoods Relief and hope to individuals o o o long-term addiction mental health crisis Housing crisis Harm reduction working hand-in-hand with Law Enforcement Changing the cycle We can use the power of the law to nudge people toward an outcome that is better for them and the community
What is Harm Reduction An approach for treatment that involves a set of practical techniques that are openly negotiated with clients around what is most likely to be achieved. The focus is on reducing the negative consequences and risky behaviors of substance use while enhancing an individual s motivation for change.
Treatment An approach for treatment that focuses on outreach, engagement and harm reduction. Co-occurring treatment focus Community collaboration between criminal justice system and treatment providers.
Next Steps
LEAD LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTED DIVERSION