Critical Question 3 What role do preventative actions play in enhancing the wellbeing of the athlete?
Syllabus
Apr 21 5:37 PM
Big Heading: Critical Questions 2: What role do preventative actions play in enhancing the wellbeing of the athlete? www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_g8gi2jyzy&index=11&list=plphhszwjt K7 VwYH9UW3PxPKeBL9bxGs Heading: Physical Preparations Preventative actions put in place by coaches and athletes can reduce the risk of injury, thereby enhancing athletes overall well being. Physical preparation should include: Pre Screening Skill and technique training Fitness training Warm up, stretching and cool down.
Sub: Pre Screening If an individual has not participated in any physical activity for an extended period, or has a pre existing medical condition, it is essential they undergo a pre screening check before they return to physical activity. A pre screening check is usually completed by a GP or a personal trainer prior to physical activity being undertaken. If a person completes the pre screening questionnaire and has a number of health issues it is essential that an individualised program is developed based on the information gathered. www.youtube.com/watch?v=dpx4hisesji www.youtube.com/watch?v=ohjxb2ebwek&index=5&list=plphhszwjt K7 VwYH9UW3PxPKeBL9bxGs
Sub: Skill and Technique Many injuries result due to bad technique and skill This places extra responsibility on coaches to teach proper technique e.g. tackling in rugby needs proper technique When coaching, coaches can break the skill down into parts, promoting safety.
Sub: Physical Fitness When athletes have a good level of physical fitness, they are able to cope with the demands of sport more effectively, perform well and minimise their risk of injury. As the body gets tired, good skill and correct technique disappear, and poor technique leads to greater injuries
Sub: Warm up, Stretching and Cool Down Warm up prepares the body for activity, lasting around 15mins. Purpose of warm up: Increase blood flow and oxygen to muscles Increase body temperature Stretch muscles, ligaments Mental preparation Usually involves some general activity, stretching and then specific activity for the chosen sport Cool down assists body to return to normal state after exercise: They reduce muscle soreness and tightness and reduce DOMS A gentle activity followed by stretching generally occurs
Heading: Sports Policy and Sports Environment Sports policy and the sports environment include the rules and regulations of sport to ensure fairness and order for all athletes. These rules are essential for the well being and safety of athletes. Sub: Rules of sport and activity Rules exist to provide structure, competition and safety in a sport. The risk of injury increases when rules are not followed. Specific rules aim to reduce the likelihood of an athlete being injured. Examples include: **********
Sub: Modified Rules for Children Modified rules allow children to still enjoy playing sport, but enable them to develop their skills gradually and improve their fitness with less chance of injury. Examples include: > Shorter game time > Kanga cricket everyone bowls and bats equal amounts > No pushing in scrums > No lifting tackles
Sub: Matching of opponents, e.g. growth and development, skill level A child's physical attributes(age and size)and skill level need to be equal. Ensuring that young athletes are matched in size, maturity and skill level not only decreases injury but generally leads to greater enjoyment, thus less likely to drop out Grading and age limits in sport can minimise mismatching Rugby league is thinking about introducing weight for age competitions due to the increase Polynesian population playing.
Sports Med Critical Question 3.notebook Activity Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for weight for age competitions (a competition that potentially places bigger heavier young athletes with older lighter athletes). May 05, 2016
Sub: Use of protective equipment Protective equipment is designed to reduce the risk of injury to both the athlete and their opponents. Examples include: > Knee pads for skating > Write 5 of your own*******
Sub: Safe grounds, equipment and facilities Playing areas, equipment and facilities deteriorate over time, increasing the risk of injury. Ideally all playing areas should be level and free from holes, debris and cracks. Grass should be cut regularly, and any holes should be filled in. Equipment being used during training or competition needs to be well maintained. Rain can quickly change the conditions of sport grounds, items of equipment and facilities. A risk assessment should be conducted on all playing grounds, equipment and facilities before any training or competition takes place.
Question 1. Critically analyse sports policies, rules and equipment to determine the degree to which they promote safe participation, eg heat rules, rugby union scrum rules
Heading: Environmental Considerations High or low environmental temperatures can have a significant impact on the body s physiological structures, as the body tries to adapt and maintain its core body temperature (thermoregulation). www.youtube.com/watch?v=dj8wxpsuxyq www.youtube.com/watch?v=e7kmmj_qrss&index=4&list=pl5 dtpcz93zu0j4vgbodqfu2mwcm_ ulf
Sub: Temperature Regulation Method Definition Description Convection Cold breeze causes heat loss Heat is lost due to the air flow across the clothing is used to protect against convective heat body loss if the air is hotter than the body, heat gain will result Radiation Heat radiates from a warm object to a cold object electromagnetic waves hot days: heat from the ground and the sun will warm up the athlete. on a cold day heat will be lost from an athlete to their surroundings Conduction Heat exchange occurs when two objects of differing temperature contact with each other a swimmer loses heat to the cold water a netball player may gain heat from contact with a hot playing surface. Evaporation Heat is lost when sweat is evaporated from the bodies surface a lot of heat is lost during exercise heat being lost from the skins surface then allows heat from deeper inside the body to be moved outwards
Sub: Climatic Conditions Altered climatic conditions can affect the sporting performance of an athlete. Sub Sub: Hot and humid conditions Warm weather is often accompanied by high humidity, which refers to the amount of moisture in the air In conditions of lower humidity, evaporation is greater (e.g perspiration evaporates from the skin). High humidity, however, results in slower evaporation, therefore athletes find that sweating does not lower the body s temperature so efficiently. When an athlete exercises or competes on a hot, humid day, added pressures are placed on the body to cool its core body temperature.
Sub Sub: Cold Conditions and Wind Cold conditions lower the core body temperature and impact on the physiological functioning of the body. In order to maintain the body s core temperature, blood vessels constrict to reduce the amount of heat lost. This is known as vasoconstriction. If the body temperature drops too low, hypothermia can develop. Athletes can reduce the risk of hypothermia while exercising in cold conditions by wearing suitable clothing. (Layers)
Sports Med Critical Question 3.notebook Sub Sub: Altitude Aerobic performance is greatly affected by altitudes higher than 1500m At altitude, the air is less dense (less oxygen) Therefore, it is important for athletes to acclimatise before training www.youtube.com/watch?v=tt4mtug8pvc May 05, 2016
Sub Sub: Rain Rain can affect the body s ability to thermoregulate in both hot and cold conditions. In warm weather, rain may help the body to disperse heat and lower temperature. In cold weather, rain will increase heat loss from the body, thereby increasing the risk of hypothermia.
Sub Sub: Pollution Air pollution can cause injuries and illnesses to athletes participating in physical activity. An increase in air pollution can trigger asthma and various other respiratory illnesses. High pollution levels during training or competition, make it harder for the body to take in oxygen.
Sub: Guidelines for Fluid Intake The recommendation during sport is 200 300 mls every 15 20 minutes of exercise. An adult male athlete exercising in warm weather should drink approximately3 litres of water per day to maintain hydration. A good method of ensuring that you have replaced aftersporting involvement, with the weight lost being theamount of water you must drink.
Sub: Acclimatisation Allowing the body to adapt to environmental conditions (heat, cold, humidity or altitude) is known as acclimatisation. It generally takes 7 14 days for adaptations to occur. Acclimatisation training in the heat prior to an event can increase sweat rates and lower core temperature and heart rate. Athletes can train in cold conditions to acclimatise their bodies, however adaptation to colder temperatures is assisted by the use of thermal clothing to maintain core body temperature.
Questions 1. Evaluate strategies an athlete could employ to support the body s temperature regulation mechanisms 2. Analyse the impact of climatic conditions on safe sports participation 3. Mike is a triathlete who is about to compete in a triathlon. It is a hot, humid day without a cloud in the sky a) Outline the temperature regulation process that would be in action during the event. b) Discuss actions that Mike and the organisation can take in order to minimise the risk of heat illnesses
Heading: Taping and Bandaging Taping or bandaging of body parts is common in sport. There are many reasons why an athlete may choose this method of protection, the most common reasons are for the rehabilitation of an injury or the prevention of an injury. www.youtube.com/watch?v=ugixbeoczsi Ankle http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x_pn3xur6xs&feature=fvw Wrist www.youtube.com/watch?v=1 ljab1vg_m Thumb www.youtube.com/watch?v=mnfuftza9ma Knee www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwwsvy imr4 Shoulder
Sub: Preventative Taping Preventative taping has been found to reduce the incidence and recurrence of joint injuries. Taping complements a strengthening program, although it does not replace it.
Sports Med Critical Question 3.notebook Sub: Taping for isolation of injury There are specific taping techniques for isolated injuries to certain joints. Taping of these injuries is designed to restrict movement into the extremes of range, thereby preventing exacerbation or re injury. May 05, 2016
Sub: Bandaging for immediate treatment of an injury Using bandages for immediate treatment of injuries can prevent further damage to the injury sustained. For a soft tissue injury, a bandage can compress a suspected sprained ankle to help reduce inflammation. Alternatively, bandages can immobilise a fractured leg by tying the legs together, or supporting a dislocated shoulder by giving pain relief and comfort.
Don't Copy Kinesio Tape alleviates discomfort and facilitates lymphatic drainage by microscopically lifting the skin. This lifting affect forms convolutions in the skin thus increasing interstitial space and allowing for a decrease in inflammation, reducing pressure while enabling a more effective flow of blood and lymphatic fluid in and out of the target area. www.youtube.com/watch?v=3bwajv1 ZGU
Questions 1.Evaluate the importance of physical preparation in preventing sports injuries? 2.Explain how a well developed sports policy can protect the wellbeing of athletes? 3.Describe how modified sports contribute to the safe participation of young athletes? 5.Evaluate strategies an athlete could employ to support the body s temperature? 6.Select one sport of your choice. Critically analyse how sport policies, rules and equipment within your chosen sport can promote safe participation? 7.Evaluate the role taping plays in both the prevention and treatment of injuries. 9.Explain the guidelines for fluid intake
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