National Surveillance Data on Adolescent Sleep and School Start Times Anne G. Wheaton, PhD Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Division of Population Health April 27-28, 2017 Washington, DC
Disclaimer The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Objectives Introduce CDC s Sleep Health Program National Surveillance Data Adolescent Sleep Past studies Upcoming data School Start Times Past report Upcoming data
CDC s Sleep Health Program Goals: Increase public awareness of the importance of healthy sleep Promote sleep-healthy policies Improve sleep-related content of national and state surveillance systems
Adolescent Sleep Healthy People 2020 (healthypeople.gov) Increase the proportion of students in grades 9 through 12 who get sufficient sleep (defined as 8 or more hours of sleep on an average school night)
Adolescent Sleep Data from the national Youth Risk Behavior Survey (CDC, Division of Adolescent and School Health) HP2020 Target HP2020 Baseline
Adolescent Sleep & Obesity Lowry R et al. J Obes. 2012;2012:476914 YRBS-2007, 2009
Adolescent Sleep & Weight-Control Strategies Sleep duration and unhealthy weight-control behaviors among high school students Male Female Wheaton AG et al. Sleep. 2013;36:1139-45. YRBS-2007
Adolescent Sleep & Suicidality Buysse: Teen Sleep and Suicidality (YRBS 2007, 2009) YRBS suicide-related questions in the past 12 months Overall: 15% reported suicidal ideation 10% planned suicide 5% attempted suicide 2% reported an attempt requiring medical treatment Association with sleep duration: 5 or 10 h risk for suicidality vs. 8 h Attempt requiring treatment OR=5.9 ( 4 h) and OR=4.7 ( 10 h) Fitzgerald et al. J Clin Sleep Med. 2011;7:351-356 YRBS-2007, 2009
Adolescent Sleep & Health Risk Behaviors McKnight-Eily LR et al. Prev Med. 2011;53:271-3 YRBS-2007
Adolescent Sleep & Injury-Related Risk Behaviors Students reporting <8 h sleep on school nights were more likely to report all 5 behaviors (vs. 9 h) Wheaton AG et al. MMWR. 2016;65:337-341 YRBS-2007, 2009, 2011, 2013
Adolescent Sleep State Estimates High School Students Reporting <8 Hours Sleep on School Nights, by State 2015 YRBS
Adolescent Sleep-Upcoming Data CDC-Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2015 Report on state estimates of short sleep duration Using age-specific recommendations (AASM 2016) High schools and middle schools State-level (where available) and local jurisdictions HHS (via Census Bureau)-National Survey of Children s Health 2016 Questions about sleep duration AND consistency of bedtime Ages 0-17 Questions answered by parents Data release should start late 2017 CDC-National Health Interview Survey Recommended sleep being added to child questionnaire for 2018 redesign
Adolescent Sleep - Summary >2/3 of US high school students not getting enough sleep Varies by state Short sleep duration associated with: Obesity Suicidality Health risk behaviors ( physical activity, smoking, alcohol, etc.) Injury-related risk behaviors (no seatbelt use, drinking and driving, etc.)
School Start Times American Academy of Pediatrics (2015) The evidence strongly implicates earlier school start times (ie, before 8:30 AM) as a key modifiable contributor to insufficient sleep, as well as circadian rhythm disruption, in this population [middle and high school students] The AAP strongly supports the efforts of school districts to optimize sleep in students and urges high schools and middle schools to aim for start times that allow students the opportunity to achieve optimal levels of sleep...
School Start Times Schools & Staffing Survey 2011-2012 US Department of Education Wheaton AG et al. MMWR. 2015;64:809-813
School Start Times Percentage of public middle and high schools with early school start times (before 8:30 a.m.) 2011 12 school year Wheaton AG et al. MMWR. 2015;64:809-813 Schools & Staffing Survey (DoEd)
School Start Times 2014 School Health Policies and Practices Study (CDC) Asked if school starts before 8:30 am Results: School level Elementary schools 77.8 (70.4-83.8) % of schools starting before 8:30 am SASS 2011-2012 Middle schools 82.8 (75.6-88.2) 81.1% High schools 92.7 (88.0-95.6) 85.6% Total 82.3 (78.0-85.9) Unfortunately, no state estimates.
School Start Times Upcoming Data US Department of Education National Teacher and Principal Survey 2015-2016 Start (and end) time included Data available late summer No state estimates (maybe next time) CDC School Health Policies and Practices Study 2016 District-level (not school-level) questions Includes questions about who decides start times (individual school vs. district) and if there are requirements/recommendations for earliest start time Data expected September 2017
CDC Sleep at CDC: www.cdc.gov/sleep For more information, contact CDC 1-800-CDC-INFO (232-4636) TTY: 1-888-232-6348 www.cdc.gov The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.