States&of&Consciousness&
&Levels&of&Consciousness& We&know&that&various& levels&exists&beyond&the& conscious&level.& Mere<exposure&effect& Priming& Blind&sight& Taiwanese&LeDer&Example&
Levels&of&Consciousness& Conscious&Level& Nonconscious&Level& Preconscious&Level& Subconscious&Level& Unconscious&Level&
Sleep&is&a&state&of& consciousness.& We&are&less&aware&of& our&surroundings.& Circadian&Rhythm& Sleep&
Sleep&Disorders&
Insomnia& Persistent&problems& falling&asleep& Affects&10%&of&the& populaoon& Primary&versus& Secondary&Insomnia&
Narcolepsy& Click&&above&to&see&Skeeter&the&narcolepOc&dog.& Suffer&from& sleeplessness&and&may& fall&asleep&at& unpredictable&or& inappropriate&omes.& Directly&into&REM&sleep& Less&than&.001&%&of& populaoon.&
A&person&stops& breathing&during&their& sleep.& Wake&up&momentarily,& gasps&for&air,&then&falls& back&asleep.& Very&common,& especially&in&heavy& males.& Can&be&fatal.& Sleep&Apnea&
Night&Terrors& Wake&up&screaming&and& have&no&idea&why.& Not&a&nightmare.& Most&common&in& children&(boys)&between& ages&2<8.&
Somnambulism& Sleep&Walking& Most&oVen&occurs& during&the&first&few& hours&of&sleeping&and&in& stage&4&(deep&sleep).& If&you&have&had&night& terrors,&you&are&more& likely&to&sleep&walk& when&older.&
Sleep&Cycle&& Click&to&see&an& awake&brain.&& Click&dude&for&alpha& Waves.& Use&an&EEG&machine&to& measure&stages&of& sleep.& When&you&are&the&onset& of&sleep&you&experience& alpha&waves.& Produces&mild& hallucinaoons,&like&a& feeling&of&falling.&
Stage&1& Kind&of&awake&and&kind& of&asleep.& Only&lasts&a&few& minutes,&and&you& usually&only&experience& it&once&a&night.& Your&brain&produces& Theta&Waves.& Click&the&couple&to&see&Theta&Waves&
Stage&2& Click&image&to&see&Stage&Two&of&sleep.& More&Theta&Waves&that&get& progressively&slower.& Begin&to&show&sleep%spindles short%bursts&of&rapid&brain&waves.&
Slow&wave&sleep.& You&produce&Delta& waves.& If&awoken&you&will&be& very&groggy.& Vital&for&restoring& body s&growth& hormones&and&good& overall&health.& Stages&3&and&4& Click&&boys&to&see&deep&sleep.& From%stage%4,%your%brain%begins%to%speed%up%and%you% go%to%stage%3,%then%2.then% %
REM&Sleep& Click&boy&dreaming&to&see&REM&sleep.& Rapid&Eye&Movement& OVen&called¶doxical& sleep.& Brain&is&very&acOve.& Dreams&usually&occur&in& REM.& Body&is&essenOally& paralyzed.& REM&Rebound&
Dreams&
Freud s&theory&of&dreams& Dreams&are&a&roadway& into&our&unconscious.& They&express&otherwise& unacceptable&feelings.& Manifest&Content& (storyline)& Latent&Content& (underlying&meaning)& Problem:&no&scienOfic& support,&can&interpret& different&ways&&
AcOvaOon<Synthesis&Theory& Our&Cerebral&Cortex&is& trying&to&interpret&random& electrical&acovity&we&have& while&sleeping.& That&is&why&dreams& someomes&make&no&sense.& The&person s&brain&is& weaving&the&stories,&which& helps&us&understand&that& person.&
InformaOon<Processing&Theory& Dreams&are&a&way&to&deal& with&the&stresses&of& everyday&life&and& consolidate&our&memories& We&tend&to&dream&more& when&we&are&more& stressed.& Why&do&we&dream&about& what&we ve&never& experienced?&& People&who&don t&get&sleep& have&poorer&memories.&&&
Physiological&FuncOoning& REM&sleep&sOmulates& the&brain,&developing& and&preserving&neural& pathways&that&cement& memories.&&& Then&why&do&we& experience&meaningful& dreams?&&&
CogniOve&Theory& Dream&content&reflects& dreamers &cogniove& development&(their& knowledge&and& understanding)& Doesn t&address&the& purpose&of&dreams&&
Hypnosis& Altered&state&of& consciousness?& PosthypnoOc&suggesOon& PosthypnoOc&amnesia&
HypnoOc&Theories& Role%Theory% Hypnosis&is&NOT&an&altered& state&of&consciousness.& Different&people&have& various&state&of&hypnooc& suggesobility.& A&social&phenomenon& where&people&want&to& believe.& Work&beDer&on&people&with& richer&fantasy&lives.& State%Theory% Hypnosis&is&an&altered&state& of&consciousness.& DramaOc&health&benefits& It&works&for&pain&best.&
DissociaOon&Theory& Theory&by&Ernest& Hilgard.& We&voluntarily÷& our&consciousness&up.& Ice&Water&Experiment.& We&have&a&hidden& observer,&a&level&of&us& that&is&always&aware.&
Our&brain&is&protected& by&a&layer&of&capillaries& called&the&blood=brain% barrier.& The&drugs&that&are&small& enough&to&pass&through& are&called&psychoacove& drugs.& Drugs&
Drug&& Categories& Agonists% Antagonists% Reuptake%inhibitors% If&a&drug&is&used&oVen&<>&tolerance.& Then&you&need&more&drug&to&feel&same&effect.& If&you&stop&using&a&drug&you&can&develop& withdrawal%symptoms.&
SOmulants& Speed&up&body& processes.& More&powerful&ones& (like&cocaine)&give& people&feelings&of& invincibility.&
Depressants& Slows&down&body& processes.& Alcohol& AnxiolyOcs& (barbiturates&and& tranquilizers)&
Alcohol& More&than&86&billion& dollars&are&spent& annually&on&alcoholic& beverages.& Alcohol&is&involved&in& 40%&of&violent&crimes.& Alcohol&is&involved&in& 40%&of&rapes.& 36%&of&people&in&prison& were&under&the& influence&of&alcohol&at& the&ome&of&their&crime.&&& Is&it&worth&the&risk?&
Hallucinogens& Psychedelics& Causes&changes&in& percepoons&of&reality& LSD,&peyote,&&psilocybin& mushrooms&and& marijuana.& Reverse&tolerance&or& synergisoc&effect& &
Opiates& Has&depressive&and& hallucinogenic&qualioes.& Agonist&for&endorphins.&& Derived&from&poppy&plant.& Morphine,&heroin,& methadone&and&codeine.& All&these&drugs&cross&the& placental& barrier.teratogens.&