Hompes Method Prac00oner Training Level II Lesson Sixty NT Breakdown & Organic Acids Health for the People Ltd not for reuse without expressed permission Hompes Method is a trading name of Health For The People L< Registered in England & Wales Company # 6955670 VAT # 997294742
NT reuptake & breakdown Neurotransmi4ers do their work between synapses. Their levels are regulated by produc<on, reuptake and degrada<on Their effects can also be modulated by receptor density on the post-synap<c membrane
Dopamine, Noradrenaline, Adrenaline Observe the nutrient cofactors involved Observe the OAT markers - HVA and VMA
Dopamine, Noradrenaline, Adrenaline
Dopamine, Noradrenaline, Adrenaline Observe the nutrient cofactors involved Observe the OAT markers - HVA and VMA
Dopamine, Noradrenaline, Adrenaline Dopamine MAO A, MAO B DBH COMT Adrenaline COMT MAO A ALDH3A2 Noradrenaline PNMT MAO A ALDH COMT Cofactors: Copper Magnesium Vitamin C FAD NAD B1 SAM SAM is a product of the methyla<on cycle Which is connected to the folate and BH4 cycles Methyla<on func<on/balance is very important Any enzyme ending MT (e.g. COMT, PNMT) means methyl transferase
OAT and catecholamines You can look at HVA and VMA to get clues about the catecholamines Care must be taken with interpreta<on High and low levels can mean different things
OAT and catecholamines Elevated HVA: Excess dopamine Poor conversion to noradrenaline/ norepinephrine Excess dopamine breakdown Two completely different situa<ons Check symptoms! Check medica<ons! Low HVA: Low dopamine produc<on Excess dopamine conversion to noradr/ norepi Two completely different situa<ons Check symptoms! Check medica<ons!
OAT and catecholamines Elevated VMA: Excess noradrenaline/ norepi produc<on (stress?) High dopamine to noradr/norepi conversion Excessive breakdown Completely different situa<ons! Check symptoms! Check medica<ons! Low VMA: Generally low noradr/ adrenaline levels Low dopamine to noradr/adrenaline conversion Poor noradr/adrenaline breakdown Completely different situa<ons! Check symptoms! Check medica<ons!
OAT and catecholamines High HVA to VMA ra<o: Adrenal burnout? HVA not conver<ng to VMA? Poor dopamine to noradrenaline conversion Single nucleo<de polymorphisms? Nutrient deficiencies Enzyme inhibi<on? Heavy metals, LPS, inflamma<on, etc.?
Cresol (Clostridia) inac<vates DBH
Cresol (Clostridia) inac<vates DBH
Serotonin
Serotonin Observe the nutrient cofactors involved Observe the OAT marker - 5-HIAA
Serotonin Enzymes: MAO A ALDH2 AANAT (conversion to melatonin) Cofactors: Zinc B1 B5 FAD NAD SAM
OAT and serotonin 5-HIAA can be measured in an OAT: High levels can mean elevated serotonin, or rapid serotonin breakdown Low levels can mean low serotonin or slow breakdown Other markers can help in interpre<ng the serotonin pathway
OAT and serotonin The serotonin pathway looks like this: Tryptophan > 5-HTP > serotonin (>melatonin) However in some instances, tryptophan can be shunted down a different pathway: IDO1 enzyme is ac<vated Interferon-gamma, TNF-alpha, LPS, stress Shunts tryptophan into kyurenine Kyurenine can shunt into kyurenic acid, which is protec<ve Kyurenine can also be shunted to form quinolinic acid
OAT and serotonin
OAT and serotonin Quinolinic acid may be neurotoxic in high amounts (s<mulates NMDA receptors like glutamate does): Quinolinic acid is an excitotoxic sqmulant of certain brain cells that have NMDA-type receptors. OversQmulated nerve cells may die. Brain toxicity due to quinolinic acid has been implicated in Alzheimer s disease, auqsm, HunQngton s disease, stroke, demenqa of old age, depression, HIV-associated demenqa, and schizophrenia.
OAT and serotonin A high quinolinic acid to 5-HIAA ra<o Typically indicates that tryptophan is preferen<ally being converted into kyurenine pathway If kyurenic acid is high but quinolinic isn t, it can be a B6 deficiency
Glutamine-Glutamate-GABA h4p://flipper.diff.org/app/pathways/2794
Factors affec<ng synthesis/levels Glutamate: Consump<on in diet (e.g. MSG?) Inflamma<on Toxicity/infec<ons GABA: B6 level GAD polymorphisms (SNPs)
Thanks Next up, we ll look at some of the symptoms associated with neurotransmi4er imbalances, which must be <ed in with health history, OAT and GI assessments.
h4p://www.wormbook.org/chapters/www_neuronalgenome/ neuronalgenome.html