Year 10 Summer Work Book Science Department Name: Form: Set: Teacher: You are to complete these questions over the summer so that you keep the year 10 modules fresh in your minds and build on the exam feedback you have been given after the mock exams. It is important the booklet is brought back in September to your teacher with the work marked. Mark schemes will be sent to you using the school system and via the school web page on the 24 th August. You must check your work against the mark scheme and identify any areas you need help with below. Biology Reflection Chemistry Reflection Physics Reflection
Chemistry Questions Question: 1 A company decides to make fence posts from a plastic. The company makes and tests 100 fence posts with the same size and shape. They measure how far each post bends under the same conditions. The bar chart shows their results. (a) (i) In the test, how many posts bent 9 cm or more? ------------------------------------- (ii) The company wants to make 500 posts each day. They will not sell posts that bend 9 cm or more. How many posts will they reject each day? Show your working. number of posts rejected =... (b) The polymer used to make the posts has a wide range of flexibility. Which statements give an explanation for this? Put ticks ( ) in the boxes next to the two best statements. The polymer does not have any cross-linking. Plasticizer has mixed unevenly in the polymer. Only one type of monomer has been used to make the polymer. Too much plasticizer has been added to the polymer. Different batches of the polymer have different chain lengths. All of the polymer molecules are very long.
(c) The company decides that the plastic they have is too flexible and has too large a range of flexibility. Technicians test small pieces of three other plastics. All the samples used have exactly the same size. They measure how far each sample bends under the same conditions. Their results are shown in the table. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of each plastic for making fence posts. Which plastic would you choose and why? The quality of written communication will be assessed in your answer. [6] [Total: 11]
Question: 2 This question is about the gases in the air. (a) Finish this table to show the percentage of each of the three main gases in the Earth s atmosphere today. (b) Many scientists are worried about the rise in carbon dioxide in the air. One cause of extra carbon dioxide is burning fuels. Some people grow trees to burn as firewood. Sue is talking about how growing and burning trees affects the levels of carbon dioxide in the air. Describe the processes that affect the amount of carbon dioxide in the air when wood burns and when trees grow. Explain whether you think Sue is correct or not. [6]
(c) Human activities can pollute the air. Two of the pollutant gases are carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide. Describe the harmful effects caused by these two gases. [3] [Total: 11]
Question: 3 Many foods contain salt that was added during manufacture. (a) Why is salt added to food? - (b) The Department of Health recommends that no more than 6.0 g of salt should be eaten each day. The table shows how much salt is in a number of everyday foods. This list shows the meals eaten by Sam during one day. (i) Work out the mass of salt eaten by Sam for each meal and the total mass of salt he eats on this day. Write your answers in the table. (ii) How does the amount of salt that Sam eats in these meals compare with the maximum intake recommended by the Department of Health? Put a tick ( ) next to the correct answer. more than the recommended daily intake equal to the recommended daily intake less than the recommended daily intake
(iii) Sam wants to lower his total daily intake of salt whilst still eating the same amount of food. Use the tables to suggest ways he could do this. - - - - [Total: 6]
Physics Questions Question: 1 In 1912 Alfred Wegener proposed a theory of continental drift to explain some observations about continents, fossils and mountains. At the time his idea of continental drift was rejected by geologists for various reasons. By considering the evidence at the time, explain if the geologists were right to reject the idea of continental drift. The quality of written communication will be assessed in your answer. [Total: 6]
Question: 2 Ultraviolet, X-ray and gamma radiation are all used in medicine. (a) What do high energy ultraviolet, X-ray and gamma radiations have in common? Put a tick ( ) in the box next to each correct statement. They are blocked by sun-screens. They are electromagnetic radiation. They can remove electrons from atoms. They have lower frequencies than microwaves. They are used to carry information in optic fibres. (b) (i) X-rays are used by doctors to produce pictures of the inside of the human body. Explain how X-rays are used to produce pictures of the inside of the body and why they are used instead of ultraviolet radiation. [3] (ii) Joel thinks the X-rays are dangerous and might cause cancer. He asks each of the patients on a cancer ward if they have ever had an X-ray picture taken. Here are his results. Joel thinks this shows he is correct. Is Joel correct? Justify your answer. [3] [Total: 8]
Question: 3 A small island in the South Atlantic Ocean needs to produce more electricity than it can at present. Here is some information about the electricity production on the island. Use the data in the table and your knowledge of energy sources to suggest an energy production plan for the island to produce more electricity in the future. Justify your suggestions. [6] [Total: 6]
Biology questions Question 1 Steve and Jane are expecting a baby. (a) Jane s sex chromosomes are XX. Complete the Punnet square to show the possible combinations of sex chromosomes in their baby. (b) Steve and Jane already have two baby boys. Steve says there is a higher chance that the new baby will be a girl. Explain why Steve is wrong. (c) Steve and Jane s baby is born. Some features of the baby are like Steve and some are like Jane. However some features look different to both Steve and Jane. Use ideas about genes, alleles and the environment to explain these observations. The quality of written communication will be assessed in your answer. [6] [Total: 10]
Question: 2 Vaccinations help prevent disease. (a) Edward Jenner discovered the first vaccine. Read the article about Edward Jenner then answer the following questions. (i) Using ideas about vaccines, explain how Jenner s treatment prevented James Phipps from getting smallpox. [6]
(ii) Use the example above to describe a correlation between a factor and an outcome. (iii) Explain the ethical issue that was involved in the article about Edward Jenner. (iv) One common argument is that the right decision is the one that leads to the best outcome for the greatest number of people involved. Explain why Jenner s work is an example of this. (v) If scientists were developing this vaccine today, how would their methods be different from Jenner s? (b) To prevent epidemics of infectious disease it is necessary to vaccinate a high percentage of the population. The more infectious the disease, the greater the percentage of the population that needs to be vaccinated. Explain why. (c) Explain why vaccinations can never be completely risk free. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [Total: 14]
Question: 3 A scientist studies peppered moths. Peppered moths breed together to produce fertile offspring. (a) Write down the word that describes a group of organisms that can breed together to produce fertile offspring. Answer: (b) The normal appearance of the peppered moth is speckled grey. This makes the peppered moth camouflaged when resting on the bark of trees. In areas of heavy pollution most of the moths are black. This makes them better camouflaged against the black soot on the trees. (i) Explain the process that could lead to the majority of the moths in unpolluted areas being grey and the majority of moths in polluted areas being black. [6]
(ii) An unpolluted area becomes quickly covered in soot when a new factory opens. The soot does not harm the peppered moths. However the population of peppered moths quickly falls. It then slowly returns to its normal levels. The area remains covered in soot throughout this time. Suggest why the population of peppered moths falls quickly and then returns to normal levels. (iii) Describe two ways that energy can be lost from the food chain when the moths are preyed upon by birds. [Total: 11]