Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Abdomen ultrasound of, 521 522 Abdominal diseases ultrasound in evaluation of, 529 540 gastrointestinal tract disease, 529 536 urinary tract abnormalities, 536 540 Acepromazine in anesthesia of neonatal foals, 570 Acoustic-wave behavior review of, 517 518 Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) syndrome resembling in critically ill neonatal foals, 624 ALI/ARDS. See Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) Allopregnanolone protective role of in CNS of neonatal foals, 590 Alpha-2 agonists in anesthesia of neonatal foals, 570 Analgesia/analgesics in anesthesia of neonatal foals, 570 572 techniques, 577 578 Anesthesia/anesthetics of neonatal foals, 567 585 (See also specific agents, e.g., Acepromazine) adjunct techniques, 577 578 analgesics, 570 572 techniques, 577 578 complications of, 578 579 induction agents, 572 introduction, 567 568 maintenance agents, 572 573 monitoring of, 576 577 advanced techniques, 577 circulation and arterial blood pressure in, 576 577 depth assessment in, 576 oxygenation and ventilation in, 576 temperature-related, 577 preoperative evaluation, 569 preparation for, 573 576 Vet Clin Equine 31 (2015) 629 638 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0739(15)00074-7 vetequine.theclinics.com 0749-0739/15/$ see front matter ª 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
630 Anesthesia/anesthetics (continued) induction in, 574 intubation in, 574 maintenance in, 574 575 positioning in, 576 premedication in, 573 574 pulmonary disease related, 580 581 reasons for, 568 569 recovery from, 581 ruptured bladder and uroperitoneum-related, 579 580 sedatives and tranquilizers, 569 570 septicemia-related, 580 Angular limb deformity, 609 610 Anti-infective agents in ENS management, 487 489 Arterial blood pressure in anesthesia monitoring, 576 577 Atresia(s) pulmonic, 557 B Bacterial infections of CNS, 595 Benzodiazepines in anesthesia of neonatal foals, 570 Bladder ruptured in neonates anesthesia related to, 579 580 Blood oxygenated in neonates, 545 546 Bronchopneumonia Rhodococcus equi in critically ill neonatal foals, 623 624 C Cardiac catheterization, 549 Cardiac diseases congenital, 555 560, 549, 555 560 (See also specific types, e.g., Tetralogy of Fallot) Cardiac dysrhythmias, 546 548 Cardiac infection, 554 555
Cardiac trauma, 552 554 Cardiovascular system, 545 565 cardiac catheterization, 549 cardiac diseases, 549 congenital, 555 560 cardiac dysrhythmias, 546 548 cardiac infection, 554 555 cardiac trauma, 552 554 critical pulmonary stenosis, 557 diagnostic imaging of, 548 551 fibrinous pericarditis, 555 prenatal to postnatal adaptation, 545 546 pulmonic atresia, 557 step-by-step evaluation of, 558 560 tetralogy of Fallot, 557 VSDs, 556 557 Central nervous system (CNS) in fetus development of, 588 591 of neonatal foals, 587 600 clinical assessment of, 591 development of allopregnanolone in, 590 HPA axis in, 588 neurosteroids in, 588 589 progestagen concentrations in, 590 591 transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life in, 588 diseases of, 591 596 bacterial infections, 595 cerebellar abiotrophy, 595 596 hydrocephalus, 596 NE, 591 595 (See also Neonatal encephalopathy (NE)) neurosteroids in, 589 590 introduction, 587 588 Cerebellar abiotrophy, 595 596 Circulation assessment of in anesthesia monitoring, 576 577 fetal to neonatal, 545 546 CNS. See Central nervous system (CNS) Coagulation testing in critically ill neonatal foals, 624 625 Computed tomography (CT) of lower respiratory tract, 501 505 findings, 503 504 summary of, 510 511 protocol, 502 503 quantitative analysis, 504 505 631
632 Congenital cardiac diseases, 555 560 Consensus Conferences on SIRS, 464 467 Corticosteroid(s) Cranial mediastinum disorders of ultrasound in evaluation of, 529 Critically ill neonatal foals, 615 628 coagulation testing in, 624 625 dystocia, 617 618 future directions for, 624 625 glucose concentrations in, 620 hypoglycemia in, 620 LAC in, 618 620 management of introduction, 615 maternal body wall tears and, 615 616 musculoskeletal deformities in, 620 622 prepubic tendon ruptures and, 615 616 respiratory disorders in, 623 624 Rhodococcus equi bronchopneumonia in, 623 624 syndrome resembling ALI/ARDS in, 624 Critical pulmonary stenosis, 557 CT. See Computed tomography (CT) D Diuretics in ENS management, 493 Dysrhythmia(s) cardiac, 546 548 Dystocia, 617 618 E Encephalopathy neonatal, 591 595 (See also Neonatal encephalopathy (NE)) ENS. See also Equine neonatal sepsis (ENS) Equine neonatal sepsis (ENS), 483 496 discussion, 493 494 evaluation of, 484 487 introduction, 483 484 treatment of, 487 493 anti-infective agents in, 487 489 hemodynamic support in, 489 492
633 supportive therapies in, 492 493 surgical, 493 Equine neonates. See Neonatal foals F Fetus CNS development of, 588 591 (See also Central nervous system (CNS), of neonatal foals, development of) Fibrinous pericarditis, 555 Flexural limb deformities of neonatal foals, 605 608 Foal(s). See also Neonatal foals healthy clinical findings in, 546 G Gastric ulcer(s) prevention of Gastrointestinal tract disease ultrasound in evaluation of, 529 536 Glucose concentrations in critically ill neonatal foals, 620 Glucose control H Hemodynamic support in ENS management, 489 492 Heparin low-molecular-weight in ENS management, 493 HPA axis. See Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis Hydrocephalus, 596 Hypoglycemia in critically ill neonatal foals, 620 Hypotension anesthesia of neonatal foals and, 578 579 Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis development in fetus, 588 Hypothermia anesthesia of neonatal foals and, 578 579 Hypoventilation anesthesia of neonatal foals and, 578
634 I Immune system SIRS in equine neonates and, 471 477 Induction agents in anesthesia of neonatal foals, 572 Infection(s) cardiac, 554 555 L LAC. See L-Lactate concentration (LAC) L-Lactate concentration (LAC) in critically ill neonatal foals, 618 620 Ligament laxity, 608 Limb deformities of neonatal foals flexural, 605 608 Lower respiratory tract diagnostic imaging of, 497 514 CT in, 501 505, 510 511 introduction, 497 498 radiography in, 498 501, 505 510 Low-molecular-weight heparin in ENS management, 493 M Maintenance agents in anesthesia of neonatal foals, 572 573 Maternal body wall tears neonatal foals effects of, 615 616 Musculoskeletal system of neonatal foals, 601 613 critically ill, 620 622 deformities of angular limb deformity, 609 610 in critically ill foals, 620 622 flexural limb deformities, 605 608 normal ossification, 601 605 orthopedic sepsis, 610 611 N NE. See Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) Neonatal encephalopathy (NE), 591 595 clinical signs of, 592 described, 591 592
635 diagnosis of, 592 593 prognosis of, 595 treatment of, 593 595 Neonatal foals. See also Foal(s) anesthesia of, 567 585 (See also Anesthesia/anesthetics, of neonatal foals) cardiovascular system in, 545 565 (See also Cardiovascular system, in neonatal foals) CNS of, 587 600 (See Central nervous system (CNS), of neonatal foals) critically ill, 615 628 (See also Critically ill neonatal foals) diseases of (See specific diseases, e.g., Hydrocephalus) evaluation of imaging in (See also specific modalities, e.g., Ultrasound) importance of, 515 516 healthy clinical findings in, 546 ligament laxity in, 608 lower respiratory tract of diagnostic imaging of, 497 514 (See also specific modalities and Lower respiratory tract,, diagnostic imaging of) musculoskeletal system of, 601 613 (See also Musculoskeletal system, of neonatal foals) oxygenated blood in, 545 546 physiology of, 568 progestagen concentrations in, 590 591 ruptured bladder and uroperitoneum in anesthesia related to, 579 580 sepsis and septic shock in, 483 496 (See also Equine neonatal sepsis (ENS); Septic shock, in equine neonates) septicemia in anesthesia related to, 580 SIRS in, 463 481 (See also Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), in equine neonates) ultrasound examination of, 515 543 (See also Ultrasound, ) Neurologic disease neonatal neurosteroids in, 589 590 Neurosteroids in CNS development, 588 589 neuroprotective role of, 590 in neonatal neurologic disease, 589 590 Nutrition in ENS management, 493 O Orthopedic sepsis, 610 611 Ossification normal, 601 605
636 Oxygenated blood in neonates, 545 546 Oxygenation in anesthesia monitoring, 576 P Pericarditis fibrinous, 555 Plasma transfusions Pleural space abnormalities ultrasound in evaluation of, 526 529 Pneumothorax radiographic findings, 509 510 Prepubic tendon ruptures, 615 616 Progestagen concentrations, 590 591 Pulmonary abnormalities ultrasound in evaluation of, 522 526 Pulmonary disease of neonatal foals anesthesia related to, 580 581 Pulmonary stenosis critical, 557 Pulmonic atresia, 557 R Radiography of lower respiratory tract, 498 501 findings in, 500 501 pneumothorax, 509 510 summary of, 505 510 protocol, 498 499 Recumbency management of in ENS management, 493 Respiratory system of critically ill neonatal foals, 623 624 Respiratory tract lower
637 diagnostic imaging of, 497 514 (See also specific modalities and Lower respiratory tract,, diagnostic imaging of) Rhodococcus equi bronchopneumonia in critically ill neonatal foals, 623 624 Ruptured bladder in neonates anesthesia related to, 579 580 S Sedatives in anesthesia of neonatal foals, 569 570 Sepsis equine neonatal, 483 496 (See also Equine neonatal sepsis (ENS)) orthopedic, 610 611 Septicemia in neonates anesthesia related to, 580 Septic shock in equine neonates, 483 496 (See also Equine neonatal sepsis (ENS)) evaluation of, 484 487 introduction, 483 484 treatment of, 487 493 Shock septic (See Septic shock) SIRS. See Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) Sodium bicarbonate Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) defined, 464 in equine neonates, 463 481 Consensus Conferences on, 464 467 history of, 464 468 immune system and, 471 477 pathophysiology of, 468 471 T Temperature monitoring of during anesthesia of neonatal foals, 577 Tetralogy of Fallot, 557 Thoracic cavity ultrasound of, 519 521 Thorax-related diseases ultrasound in evaluation of, 522 529
638 Thorax-related (continued ) cranial mediastinum disorders, 529 pulmonary abnormalities, 522 526 Tranquilizers in anesthesia of neonatal foals, 569 570 Trauma cardiac, 552 554 U Ulcer(s) gastric prevention of Ultrasound, 515 543 of abdomen, 521 522 in abdominal diseases evaluation, 529 540 (See also Abdominal diseases, ) acoustic-wave behavior, 517 518 equipment in, 518 519 importance of, 515 516 preparation for, 519 of thoracic cavity, 519 521 in thorax diseases evaluation, 522 529 (See also Thorax-related diseases, ) Urinary tract abnormalities ultrasound in evaluation of, 536 540 Uroperitoneum in neonates anesthesia related to, 579 580 V Ventilation in anesthesia monitoring, 576 Ventricular septal defects (VSDs), 556 557 VSDs. See Ventricular septal defects (VSDs)