ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 1 (101-805) For Intensive Nursing PAUL ANDERSON SAMPLE TEST 3 2011 1. If calcium levels in the extracellular fluid are too low, parathyroid hormone secretion would and osteoclast activity would. a. increase; also increase b. increase; decrease c. decrease; increase d. decrease; also decrease e. decrease: not change 2. Which of the following is NOT an effect of thyroxine? a. it is required for normal growth and development in children b. it increases the general metabolic rate of cells by stimulating aerobic respiration c. it is required for development of normal body proportions d. it is required for normal CNS function e. it is responsible for the adolescent growth spurt 3. In ossification a cartilage bone model is formed first by the action of. a. intramembranous; osteoblasts b. endochondral; osteoblasts c. intramembranous; osteoclasts d. endochondral; osteocytes e. endochondral; chrondoblasts 4. Which component is primarily responsible for a bone's growth in length? a. epiphysis b. periosteum c. epiphyseal plate d. medullary (marrow) cavity e. diaphysis 5. By the end of its first year a child possesses and secondary curvatures of the vertebral column. a. cervical; thoracic b. thoracic; lumbar c. lumbar; sacral d. thoracic; sacral e. cervical; lumbar
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 1 SAMPLE UNIT TEST 3 2011 PAUL ANDERSON page 2 6. Which of the following is (are) directly responsible for bone's great tensile strength? a. periosteum b. collagen fibers c. osteocytes d. hydroxyapatite e. articular cartilage 7. In endochondral ossification, invasion of the epiphyses by a periosteal bud causes formation of: a. marrow cavities b. secondary ossification centers c. epiphyseal plates d. periosteum e. primary ossification centers 8. Bone features (only one answer per blank) contains Haversian systems Matrix arranged in trabeculae Lines inner surface of diaphysis anchor tendons and ligaments to bones A. Epiphysis B. Periosteum C. articular cartilage D. Endosteum E. Spongy bone F. Epiphyseal plate G. Compact bone 9. Which extrinsic factor is necessary for the deposition of the inorganic matrix of bone? a. PTH b. vitamin C c. vitamin D d. dietary protein e. calcitonin 10. During the process of ossification the matrix forms last: this gives bone the property of a. inorganic - strength c. inorganic - hardness b. organic - strength d. organic - hardness
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 1 SAMPLE UNIT TEST 3 2011 PAUL ANDERSON page 3 11. Bone grows by growth. a. appositional b. interstitial c. both appositional and interstitial 12. Immature bone - forming cells are called: a. osteocytes b. osteoclasts c. osteoblasts d. chondrocytes 13. Which two hormones are responsible for the juvenile growth spurt? a. parathormone (PTH) b. calcitonin c. estrogen d. growth hormone e. thyroxine 14. Ossification of the epiphyseal plate occurs on the side of the plate. a. diaphyseal b. epiphyseal 15. The pubic symphysis is composed of: a. hyaline cartilage b. fibrous cartilage c. elastic cartilage d. spongy bone e. compact bone 16. Myosin is the primary component of the a. Z lines b. T tubules c. thick filaments d. thin filaments e. none of the above 17. Which of the following is an internal membranous structure running parallel to a myofibril and containing a high concentration of calcium ions? a. sarcomere b. endomysium c. T tubule d. sarcoplasmic reticulum e. sarcoplasm
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 1 SAMPLE UNIT TEST 3 2011 PAUL ANDERSON page 4 18. In the sequence of events leading to a single skeletal muscle contraction, which of the following occurs after calcium ions attach to troponin? a. sodium ions diffuse into the muscle fiber generating an impulse b. an impulse spreads along the sarcolemma. c. ion channels in the sarcolemma open. d. active sites for myosin on the actin molecule are no longer covered. e. acetylcholine diffuses across the synaptic cleft. 19. When oxygen is no longer present in a muscle, the cell processes glucose producing a amount of ATP. a. aerobically; small b. anaerobically; small c. anaerobically; large d. aerobically; large 20. The T tubules a. release their stored Ca +2 to the sarcoplasm b. store Ca +2 in the resting muscle fiber c. contact the axon of the motor neuron d. release acetylcholine e. conduct the impulse from the motor end-plate to the sarcoplasmic reticulum 21. Which of the following is NOT an energy source for muscle contraction? a. adenosine triphosphate b. myoglobin c. creatine phosphate d. glucose e. glycogen 22. Matching (only one answer per blank) Primarily due to alignment of myosin molecules Actin molecules form the Disappear during a maximal contraction (2 answers) Originates at the sarcolemma A. T tubule B. A band C. Z line D. sarcoplasmic reticulum E. H zone F. I band 23. Precision muscles tend to show a fiber arrangement. a. multipennate b. circumpennate c. parallel d. unipennate e. bipennate
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 1 SAMPLE UNIT TEST 3 2011 PAUL ANDERSON page 5 24. Which of the following does NOT occur during muscle contraction? a. the sarcomere shortens b. the I band shortens c. the A band shortens d. the H band disappears e. ATP is broken down by hydrolysis 25. Matching (only one answer per blank) Another name for the cell membrane of a muscle fiber A. sarcolemma The connective tissue wrapping surrounding an entire muscle B. aponeurosis The connective tissue wrapping surrounding a fasciculus C. endomysium (fascicle) D. perimysium E. periosteum F. epimysium ANSWERS 1. a 2. e 3. e 4. c 5. e 6. b 7. b 8. G E D B 9. c 10. c 11. a 12. c 13. d and e 14. a 15. b 16. c 17. d 18. d 19. b 20. e 21. b 22. B F E (and F) A 23. c 24. c 25. A F D