SUMMER EXAMINATIONS 2013 MODULE TITLE LEVEL TIME ALLOWED Human Anatomy and Physiology Four Two Hours Instructions to students: Please answer all questions on the exam paper. Please enter your student number not you name on the exam paper, as indicated below. There are 74 marks available. The marks for each question are indicated. Student Number No. of Pages 11 No. of Questions 32 For Tutor use only Page 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total Mark Page 1 of 11 %
PLEASE ANSWER ALL OF THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS IN THE SPACE PROVIDED 1. How many bones are in the adult human body? (1 mark) 2. Name FIVE functions of bone. (5 marks) 3. A deficiency of which substances results in the bone disease Rickets? (1 mark) Page 2 of 11
4. Illustrate on the figure below the Axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton. (2 marks) 5. Define the term articular cartilage. (1 mark) 6. What are the THREE main movements possible in synovial joints? (3 marks) Page 3 of 11
7. Using the appropriate terms state the route of inspired air into the lungs. (3 marks) 8. What are the expected range of concentrations of EXPIRED oxygen and carbon dioxide during exercise? (2 marks) 9. Draw a diagram to illustrate the changes in phosphocreatine and ATP stores during a 30 second maximum sprint. Your diagrams should include appropriate values. (5 marks) Page 4 of 11
10. What is the process of producing ATP from fat called? (1 mark) 11. Draw a correctly labelled diagram to show changes in cardiac output of a moderately trained individual, during an incremental exercise test (VO 2 max). Your diagram should show resting values. (5 marks) 12. What is the main function of the Krebs or citric acid cycle? (1 mark) Page 5 of 11
13. What is the name given to carbohydrate that has been stored within the muscle and liver? (1 mark) 14. Complete the labels on the diagram of the heart presented below. (4 marks) Page 6 of 11
15. Define the role and key property of Purkinje fibres. (2 marks) 16. State the intrinsic rate that the sinoatrial node beats at. (1 mark) 17. Name TWO of the hormones which collectively are known as catecholamine s. (2 marks) 18. Name the TWO parts of the central nervous system. (2 marks) Page 7 of 11
19. Skeletal muscle is one of three types of muscle. Name the other TWO types and WHERE they can be found. (2 marks) 20. Name AND describe THREE types of muscle contraction. (6 marks) 21. Define the term osteoporosis. (2 marks) 22. Name the key hormone responsible for the regulation and transport of glucose out of the blood into the muscle. (1 mark) Page 8 of 11
23. List SIX physiological adaptations that occur to skeletal muscle in response to regular exercise training. (3 marks) 24. Define the term Epiphyseal Plate. (1 mark) 25. Define the term lipolysis. (1 mark) Page 9 of 11
26. Complete the SIX labels on the diagram below using the correct anatomical names. (6 marks) 27. Indicate which of the following statements is true or false by circling either true or false. (4 marks) Lactate is a major cause of fatigue. True/False Lactate is the hearts main energy source. True/False Lactate is shuttled around the body. True/False Lactate is produced in response to drinking a high sugar containing drink. True/False Page 10 of 11
28. What are Harpenden Callipers typically used to measure? (1 mark) 29. What does DEXA stand for? (1 mark) 30. What is considered the gold standard for measuring body composition? (1 mark) 31. During supra maximal exercise why does the muscular concentration of ATP NOT decrease as quickly as PCr? (2 marks) 32. What effect does the parasympathetic nervous system have on heart rate? (1 mark) END OF PAPER Page 11 of 11